疑问句大全——_一般疑问句.doc

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1、精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除疑问句大全疑问句(questions)指提出问题,请对方回答的句子。疑问句句末要用问号。按结构可分为四种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。(一)一般疑问句1、一般疑问句概述一般疑问句(general questions),也可称为“yes/no” questions(是否型问句),因为它一般是由yes或no回答的,如:Can you swim to the other side? 你能游到对岸吗?Yes, I can.是的,我能。No,I cant.不,我不能。Have you locked the door?你锁门了吗?Yes,

2、I have.是的,锁了。No,I havent. 不,没有锁。2一般疑问句的结构(1)基本的结构为:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调,如:Are they your friends?他们是你的朋友吗?Does he go to school on foot?他是步行去上学吗?Will you be free tonight?你今晚有空吗?Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗?(2)陈述句亦可用作一般疑问句,多用在非正式文体中,句末有问号,用升调,如:Somebody is with you?有人和你一起吗?He didnt finish

3、 the work?他没有做完活吗?3、一般疑问句的答语(1)一般疑问句一般由yes或no来回答,如:Are you tired?你累了吗?Yes,I am.是的,累了。No, Im not.不,不累。Does she do the cleaning?她扫除了吗?Yes ,she does.是的,她打扫了。No,she doesnt.不,她没打扫。2)回答一般疑问句除了用yes或no外,也可用certainly,probably,perhaps,of course,all right,with pleasure等代替yes,用never,not at all等代替no,如:Can you he

4、lp me?你能帮个忙吗?Certainly.当然。Could you please make less noise?你可以小声一点吗?All right,sir.好的,先生。Have you been there?你到过那里吗?Never.从来没有。4、一般疑问句的否定式(1)一般疑问句的否定式,一般结构为系动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语;也可为系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+not,如:Do you not/Dont you believe me? 你不相信我?Believe me?你不相信我?Is it not / Isnt it a lovely day? 天气难道不好吗? Ar

5、e you not / Arent you coming?你不来吗? Will you not /Wont you sit down? 你不坐会儿吗? Is he not / Isnt he a doctor? 他不是医生吗?(2)否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问,它常常带有感情色彩。否定疑问句的完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈些。(3)否定的一般疑问句的答语中,yes的含义为“不”,no的含义为“是”,但在回答这类句子时,应该注意yes后接肯定结构,no后接否定结构,这和汉语习惯不同,如:Are you not Mr Smith?你不是史密斯先生吗?Yes,Iam.不,我是。No,I am not

6、.是的,我不是。Havent you read this book before? 你从前没有读过这本书吗?Yes,I have.不,我读过。No,I havent.是的,我没有。Dontyou play chess?你不下棋吗?Yes ,I do.不,我下棋。No,I dont.是的,我不下棋。教你一招:在这样的答语中,只要根据实际情况来判断,如果事实上是,就要用yes;如果事实上不是,就要用no。(二)特殊疑问句1、特殊疑问句概述特殊疑问句(special questions),也可称为“wh”-questions,因为它们多数都以who,where,when,which,whose,wh

7、y这类词开头,如:Who is it on the phone?谁来的电话?How many oranges can you see in the picture?你能在图画上看到多少个橘子?Where did you last see it?你最后一次看到这东西时是在什么地方呢?What did you eat yesterday?你昨天吃了些什么?How do you usually go to school?你通常是怎么去学校的呢?2、特殊疑问句的构成及用法(1)它的结构一般为:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,即:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),如:What ca

8、n be done about it?对此能做些什么呢?Which are yours?哪些是你的?Who would like to come for a game of football?谁愿意来踢场足球呀?What did you say?你说什么?Why didnt you tell me?你为什么没有告诉我?(3)“why+一般疑问句否定式”这种结构一般表示劲告、建议、责备等,而不能归为特殊问句,如:Why dont you come earlier?你为什么不早些来呢?Why not go skiing?为何不去滑雪呢?3、特殊疑问词特殊疑问词可分为两类:疑问代词和疑问副词(1)疑

9、问代词疑问代词主要有五个,分别为:who,whom,which,what,whose。它们没有性和数的变化,除了who外也没有格的变化。Who is the girl under the tree? Who is not here? Whom谁 作宾语,用来指人Whom are you writing to? Whom do you want to see? Whose谁的用来指所属关系,如果作定语,一般后接名词Whose pen is this? Whose are those shoes? Which哪个,哪些用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择Which girls will be in

10、 the sports meeting? Which hat is lilys ? What通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下What can you see in the picture? What is in the teachers room? (2)疑问副词疑问副词包括when,where,why,how及how与其他副词和形容词组成的疑问词。疑问副词when何时询问时间When will she return?Where何地询问地点Where do you come from? Why为什么询问原因Why are you late for school?How如何询问手

11、段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school? How old多大询问年龄How old is Jims little brother? How much/many多少询问数量How many friends do you have? How far多远询问距离How far is it from your home to school?How long多长、多久询问时间的长度或距离How long will you stay in Beijing? How often多长时间一次询问频率How often do you go to see your

12、grandparents? How soon多久询问时间How soon will you come back4、特殊疑问句的答语 特殊疑问句的答语的重点是对疑问词的回答非所问,因此,不再需要用yes或no。在回答时,可以用一个词或词组,也可以用一个较为完整的句子。Who has borrowed my bike?谁借了我的自行车?Jack. 杰克。Jack has borrowed your bike.When did he borrow my bike?他什么时候借了我的自行车?This morning. 今天早晨。He borrowed your bike this morning.Wh

13、ere is he?他现在在何处?At the office. 在办公室。He is at the office.What is he doing there?他在那儿干什么呢?Working. 工作He is working.Whose bike is this?这辆自行车是谁的?Mr. Smiths. 史密斯先生的。Its Mr. Smiths bike.(三)选择疑问句1、选择疑问句概述选择疑问句(alternative questions)一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句,供选择的两部分由or连接,前者用升调,后者用降调,如:Wil

14、l you go there by bus or by train?你准备乘汽车,还是乘火车去那儿?What would you like,coffee or tea?你想要什么,咖啡还是茶?How many pens do you have ,one or two?你有几枝钢笔,一枝还是两枝?2、一般疑问句演化来的选择疑问句Is it right or wrong?是对还是错?Were you or he there?是你还是他在那儿?Are they reading,chatting or watching television?他们是在看书、聊天,还是在看电视?Do you want t

15、o go there by land or by air?你将乘车还是乘飞机去那儿?3、特殊疑问句演化来的选择疑问句Which do you like better,coffee or milk?你更喜欢喝什么,咖啡还是牛奶?What colour is it,red,blue or yellow?它是什么颜色,红的,蓝的,还是黄的?Where are you going,to the classroom or to the library?你要去哪儿,教室还是图书馆?How shall we go,by sea or by land?我们怎么去,走水路还是陆路?4、or not构成的选择疑问

16、句Do you want to buy it or not?你是想买它还是不想买?Are you ready or not?你准备好了还是没有准备好?5、选择疑问句的答非所问语选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式,不能用yes或no,如:Do you go to work by bus or by bike?你乘公交车还是骑自行车去上班?By bus.乘公交车。Which would you like, tea or coffee?你要茶还是咖啡?Coffee.咖啡6、or连接的选择疑问句并列部分可以是多种句子成分(1)表语,如:Are you an Englishman or an A

17、merican?你是英国人还是美国人?Im from England.我是英国人。(2)状语,如:Is the delegation arriving today or tomorrow?代表团今天到还是明天到?Today,I think.我想是今天到。(3)宾语,如:Would you like coffee or tea? 你要咖啡还是茶?Tea, please.请给我茶。(4)谓语,如:Shall we watch TV or go to the concert?我们是看电视还是去听音乐会?Id prefer to go to the concert.我宁愿去听音乐会。(四)反意疑问句

18、1、反意疑问句的构成反意疑问句(disjunctive questions)是一种常用于口语的疑问句,这种问句由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是附加的一简短问句(称为question tag),中间用逗号隔开,因此,反意疑问句又称附加疑问句。如果陈述句是肯定句式,附加问句用否定句式;如果陈述句是否定式,附加问句用肯定句式。附加问句一般为“be动词(助动词、情态动词)+代词”构成,如:They didnt clean the classroom yesterday,did they?他们昨天没有扫扫教室,是吗?Youre coming,arent you?你会来的,不是吗?John do

19、esnt like tea,does he?约翰不喜欢茶,是吗?She cant swim,can she?她不会游泳,对吗?This is your car,isnt it ?这是你的车,对吧?You dont like rock music,do you ?你不喜欢摇滚乐,对吧?2、反意疑问句需注意的问题(1)附加问句中的主语要用代词,如果陈述句的主语是代词,用相应的代词即可,如果陈述句的主语是名词,用相应的代词指代该名词,如:He is your teacher,isnt he?他是你的老师,是吧?Li lei gets up at six in the morning,doesnt h

20、e?李雷每天早上6点钟起床,是吗?(2)如果陈述句中有系动词或情态动词或助动词,附加疑问句中用与它相应的肯定或否定形式即可;如果没有,就要根据陈述句的时态选择适当的助动词,如:Tom has finished his homework,hasnt he?汤姆己经完成了他的家庭作业,是吗?She went to Shanghai yesterday,didnt she?她昨天去上海了,是吗?(3)有些句子包含表示否定意义语,也算否定句,如:Theres little water in the bottle,is there?瓶子里没有水了,是吗?(4)在个别情况下,前后两部分可以都是肯定或都是否

21、定。这时有特殊的涵义,如:You sold that lovely bracelet,did you ?(=Im sorry you did.)你把那只漂亮手镯卖了,是吗?(真遗憾。)3、反意疑问句的语调(1)通常陈述句部分用降调,附加问句用升调,如:He cant swim,can he?他不会游泳,是吗?Lily likes sports,doesnt she?丽莉喜欢运动,是吗?(2)对自己的看法比较肯定而又希望听者同意这种看法时,前后都用降调:You dont like rock music,do you?期望回答:No,I dont.You like rock music,dont

22、you?期望回答:Yes,I do.4、反意疑问句的答语(1)反意疑问句的答语一般由yes或no引导的简略答语来回答,但是要注意时态及代词的呼应,如:She is your teacher,isnt she?她是你的老师,是吧?Yes ,she is.是的,她是。No,she isnt.不,她不是。Li lei gets up at six in the morning,doesnt he?李雷每天早上6点钟起床,是吗?Yes,he is.是的,他是。No ,he isnt.不,他不是。(2)在前否定后肯定的句子中,yes含义为“不”,no含义为“是”,如:She cant swim,can

23、she ?她不会游泳,对吗?Yes ,she can.不,她会。No,she cant.是的,她不会。She isnt your teacher,is she?她不是你的老师,对吧?Yes,she is.不,她是。No,she isnt.是的,她不是。5、一些特殊句式的反意疑问句(1)陈述句是I am结构,反意问句用arent I 或am not I,如:Im right,arent I?我是正确的,对吗?Im late,am not I?我迟到了,是吗?(2)陈述句的主语是不定代词时,如果是表示物的everything,anything,something,nothing时,反意问句的主语i

24、t,谓语动词用单数,如果是表示人的everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,no one时,反意问句的主语可用they,也可用he,谓语动词用相应的单、复数,如:Nothing is serious,is it?没什么严重的,是吗?Everybody knows what I said,dont they?每个人都懂了我所说的,是吗?Everyone knows his job,doesnt he?每个人都了解他的工作,是吗?(3)如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that时,疑问句的主语用it,谓语单数;如果陈述部

25、分的主语是指示代词these,those,则疑问句的主语用they,谓语用复数,如:This is very important,isnt it?这是非常重要的,是吗?Those are cups,arent they?这些是茶杯,是吗?(6)陈述句中的谓语动词是there be,后边的疑问部分也用there be形式,如:There is an apple on the table,isnt there?桌子上有只苹果,是吗?Therere some trees on the island,arent there?小岛上有一些树,是吗?(7)陈述句谓语动词是wish,表示征求意见时,反意问句

26、用may,如:I wish to have another piece of cake,may I?我想再要一块蛋糕,可以吗?I wish to go home now ,may I?我想现在就回家,可以吗?(8)陈述句句中有hardly,seldom,rarely,no,nothing,never,little,few,nobody,nowhere,barely,neither,tooto等表示否定意义的词时,反意问句用肯定式,如:You will never forget it ,will you?你永远不会忘记这件事,是吗?There is nothing on the table,is

27、 there?桌子上什么也没有,是吗?She has few friends,does she?她几乎没有朋友,是吗?(9)如果陈述句中的否定式仅带有否定词缀(前缀或后缀),则将其看成肯定句,反意问句一般仍用否定式,如:He is unfit for his job,isnt he?他并不适合他的工作,是吗?Thats unfair,isnt it?那是不公平的,对吗?(10)陈述句中的谓语动词为have/has to/had to时,其疑问部分的谓语动词应用dont /doesnt/didnt,如:He has to get up at four tomorrow,doesnt he?他明天

28、不得不4点钟起床,是吗?They had to leave early,didnt they?他们不得不早些离开,是吗?(11)陈述句中的谓语动词为used to时,其疑问部分的谓语动词有两种形式,如:He used to live in London,usednt he/didnt he?他过去住在伦敦,是吗?There used to be a cinema here before the war,usednt there/didnt there?战争前,这儿有一家电影院,是吗?(12)陈述句中的谓语动词是ought to,则疑问部分的谓语动词通常用ought/oughtnt代替,如:Su

29、ch things ought not to be allowed,ought they?这样的事情是不允许的,是吗?He ought to be punished,oughtnt he?他应该受到惩罚,是吗?或We ought to go ,ought we not?我们应该去,是吗?或we ought to go ,should we not?(13)当陈述部分有dare或need时,若dare和need为实义动词,疑问部分的谓语动词do的适当形式;若dare和need为情态动词,疑问部分用dare或need构成,如:We need to do it,dont we?我们需要做这种事,是吗

30、?You darent go there,dare you?你不敢去那里,是吗?(14)含有情态动词must的句子1)若陈述句中强调对现在的情况的推测,疑问部分用arent/isnt+主语,如:You must be tired,arent you?你一定很累了吧,对吗?2)陈述句中谓语动词是must have+过去分词时,若陈述句中强调过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用didnt +主语,如:He must have met her yesterday,didnt he?他想必是昨天下午见过她了,是吗?3)若陈述句中强调动作的完成,疑问部分的谓语动词用havent/h

31、asnt+主语,如:You must have seen the film,havent you?你想必是看过这部电影,是吗?4)若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问句的部分则用neednt,如:You must go home right now,neednt you?你有必要马上回家,是吗?5)当mustnt表示禁止时,附加疑问部分一般用may,如:You mustnt walk on grass,may you?不许在草地上走,知道吗?(15)祈使句的反意疑问句,一般在句尾加will you,如:Give me a hand,will you?帮帮我,好吗?Stop that

32、noise,will you?别吵了,行不行?Dont forget it,will you?别忘了它,好吗?Dont talk any more,will you?别再说话了,好吗?注意:在陈述部分是肯定的句子中,也可用wont you。(16)lets开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用shall we;let us开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用will you,如:Lets go there, shall we?我们去那里,好吗?Let us go there,will you?在口语中,也可用下面形式:Lets go fishing. All right(or OK)?我们去钓鱼,好吗?(17)主从

33、复合句的附加问句1)复合句的反意疑问句一般是根据主句的主语和谓语形式构成反意疑问部分的,如:He said that we were happy,didnt he?2)复合句的主句是I think(expect,suppose,believe,suspect,imagine)时,附加问句要根据主句而定,主语是第一人称时,要根据从句而定,主语为第二、三人称时,与主句保持一致,并且要注意否定的转移,如:I suppose he is serious,isnt he?我想他很严肃,是吗?You think she is a good teacher,dont you?你认为她是一个好老师,是吗?I

34、believe he can find her mother nowhere,can he?我相信他到哪里也找不到她的妈妈,不是吗?(注意,用nowhere为否定句)I expect they will win the match,wont they?我希望他们赢得那场比赛,不是吗?Your brother thinks you can do the job well,doesnt he?你弟弟认为你能把这项工作做好,不是吗?I dont think he is the suitable man for the job,is he?我认为他不是做那项工作的合适人选,不是吗?【精品文档】第 15 页

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