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1、疑问句( questions)指提出问题,请对方回答的句子。疑问句句末要用问号。按结构可分为四种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。(一)一般疑问句1、一般疑问句概述一般疑问句( general questions) ,也可称为 “yes/no ” questions(是否型问句) ,因为它一般是由yes或 no 回答的,如:Can you swim to the other side?你能游到对岸吗?Yes, I can.是的,我能。No,I cant.不,我不能。Have you locked the door?你锁门了吗?Yes,I have.是的,锁了。No,I have
2、n t. 不,没有锁。2 一般疑问句的结构(1)基本的结构为:be/助动词 /情态动词 +主语+谓语 /表语 +(其他 ),句子要读升调,如:Are they your friends ?他们是你的朋友吗?Does he go to school on foot?他是步行去上学吗?Will you be free tonight ?你今晚有空吗?Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗?(2)陈述句亦可用作一般疑问句,多用在非正式文体中,句末有问号,用升调,如:名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
3、名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - Somebody is with you ?有人和你一起吗?He didn t finish the work?他没有做完活吗?You are fresh from America,I suppose?我猜,你刚从美国回来吧?3、一般疑问句的答语(1)一般疑问句一般由yes或 no 来回答,如:Are you tired ?你累了吗?Yes,I am.是的 ,累了。No, I m not.不,不累。Does she do the cleaning?她扫除了吗?Yes ,she does. 是
4、的,她打扫了。No,she doesn t.不,她没打扫。(2) 回答一般疑问句除了用yes 或 no 外, 也可用 certainly, probably, perhaps, of course, all right , with pleasure等代替 yes,用 never,not at all 等代替 no,如:Can you help me?你能帮个忙吗?Certainly.当然。Could you please make less noise?你可以小声一点吗?All right ,sir.好的,先生。Have you been there?你到过那里吗?名师资料总结 - - -精
5、品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - Never.从来没有。4、一般疑问句的否定式(1)一般疑问句的否定式,一般结构为系动词/助动词 /情态动词 +not+主语;也可为系动词/助动词 /情态动词+主语 +not,如:Do you not/Dont you believe me? 你不相信我?Believe me?你不相信我?Is it not / Isnt it a lovely day? 天气难道不好吗?Are you not / Aren
6、t you coming?你不来吗?Will you not /Wont you sit down? 你不坐会儿吗?Is he not / Isnt he a doctor? 他不是医生吗?Does Helen not /Doesnt Helen like chocolate? 海伦不喜欢巧克力吗? Will he not /Wont he go with you?他不和你一块儿去吗?(2)否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问,它常常带有感情色彩。否定疑问句的完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈些。1)否定疑问句常常带有惊异、赞叹或责难等语气,如:Havent you read the newspaper?
7、你没读过这份报纸呀?Won t he come ?他不来了?2)否定疑问句有时暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答,如:Shouldn t we start now?我们现在是不是该动身了?Wasn t it an interesting film ?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - 那部电影是不是很有趣?3)否定疑问句有时用来表示邀请或建议,如:Wouldnt you like to go with me ?你不想和我一
8、块儿去吗?Won t you have a cup of cof fee?你不喝杯咖啡吗?(3)否定的一般疑问句的答语中,yes的含义为 “ 不” ,no 的含义为 “ 是” ,但在回答这类句子时,应该注意yes 后接肯定结构, no 后接否定结构,这和汉语习惯不同,如:Are you not Mr Smith ?你不是史密斯先生吗?Yes,I am.不,我是。No,I am not.是的,我不是。Havent you read this book before ?你从前没有读过这本书吗?Yes,I have.不,我读过。No,I haven t.是的,我没有。Dont you play ch
9、ess?你不下棋吗?Yes ,I do.不,我下棋。No,I don t.是的,我不下棋。教你一招:在这样的答语中,只要根据实际情况来判断,如果事实上是,就要用yes;如果事实上不是,就要用 no。(二)特殊疑问句1、特殊疑问句概述名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - 特殊疑问句( special questions) ,也可称为 “wh ” -questions,因为它们多数都以who,where,when,whi
10、ch,whose,why 这类词开头,如:Who is it on the phone?谁来的电话?How many oranges can you see in the picture?你能在图画上看到多少个橘子?Where did you last see it?你最后一次看到这东西时是在什么地方呢?What did you eat yesterday?你昨天吃了些什么?How do you usually go to school ?你通常是怎么去学校的呢?2、特殊疑问句的构成及用法(1) 它的结构一般为: 特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句, 即:特殊疑问词 +be/助动词 /情态动词 +主语
11、+谓语 /表语 +(其他),如:What can be done about it?对此能做些什么呢?Which are yours?哪些是你的?Who would like to come for a game of football ?谁愿意来踢场足球呀?What did you say?你说什么?Why didn t you tell me?你为什么没有告诉我?(2)特殊疑问句有时可有一个以上的疑问词,如:Which present did you give to whom ?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
12、 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - 你把哪件礼物给了人啦?When and where did you meet?你们何时在何地相遇的?(3)特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首,如:By whom is the book written ?此书是谁写的?Since when have you lived here?你从什么时候起住在这里的?(4)疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,与陈述句的语序相同,如:Who is in the room ?谁在房间里?(5)“why+ 一般疑问句否定式” 这种结构一般表示劲告、建议、责备等,而不能归为特
13、殊问句,如:Why dont you come earlier ?你为什么不早些来呢?Why not go skiing ?为何不去滑雪呢?3、特殊疑问词特殊疑问词可分为两类:疑问代词和疑问副词(1)疑问代词疑问代词主要有五个,分别为:who,whom,which,what,whose。它们没有性和数的变化,除了who 外也没有格的变化。疑问代词意义作用例句who 谁作主语 , 用来指人Who is the girl under the tree ?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - -
14、 - - 第 6 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - Who is not here?Whom 谁作宾语,用来指人Whom are you writing to ?Whom do you want to see?Whose 谁的用来指所属关系,如果作定语,一般后接名词Whose pen is this?Whose are those shoes ?Which 哪个,哪些用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择Which girls will be in the sports meeting ?Which hat is lilys ?What What 通常指物,也可指人,一般用在
15、没有指出范围的情况下What can you see in the picture?What is in the teachers room?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - (2)疑问副词疑问副词包括when,where,why,how 及 how 与其他副词和形容词组成的疑问词。疑问副词意义用法例句when 何时询问时间When will she return ?Where 何地询问地点Where do yo
16、u come from?Why 为什么询问原因Why are you late for school ?How 如何询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school ?How old 多大询问年龄How old is Jims little brother?How much/many 多少询问数量名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - How many friends do
17、you have? How far 多远询问距离How far is it from your home to school ?How long 多长、多久询问时间的长度或距离How long will you stay in Beijing?How often 多长时间一次询问频率How often do you go to see your grandparents?How soon 多久询问时间How soon will you come back ?4、特殊疑问句的答语特殊疑问句的答语的重点是对疑问词的回答非所问,因此,不再需要用yes 或 no。在回答时,可以用一个词或词组,也可以用
18、一个较为完整的句子。问句简略答语整句答语Who has borrowed my bike?谁借了我的自行车?Jack. 杰克。Jack has borrowed your bike. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - When did he borrow my bike ?他什么时候借了我的自行车?This morning. 今天早晨。He borrowed your bike this morning. Whe
19、re is he?他现在在何处?At the office. 在办公室。He is at the office. What is he doing there?他在那儿干什么呢?Working. 工作He is working. Whose bike is this?这辆自行车是谁的?Mr. Smiths. 史密斯先生的。It s Mr. Smiths bike.(三)选择疑问句1、选择疑问句概述选择疑问句( alternative questions)一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句,供选择的两部分由or 连接,前者用升调,后者用降调,如
20、:Will you go there by bus or by train ?你准备乘汽车,还是乘火车去那儿?What would you like ,coffee or tea?你想要什么,咖啡还是茶?How many pens do you have ,one or two?你有几枝钢笔,一枝还是两枝?2、一般疑问句演化来的选择疑问句名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - Is it right or wrong
21、 ?是对还是错?Were you or he there?是你还是他在那儿?Are they reading,chatting or watching television ?他们是在看书、聊天,还是在看电视?Do you want to go there by land or by air ?你将乘车还是乘飞机去那儿?3、特殊疑问句演化来的选择疑问句Which do you like better ,coffee or milk ?你更喜欢喝什么,咖啡还是牛奶?What colour is it ,red,blue or yellow ?它是什么颜色,红的,蓝的,还是黄的?Where are
22、 you going,to the classroom or to the library?你要去哪儿,教室还是图书馆?How shall we go ,by sea or by land?我们怎么去,走水路还是陆路?4、or not 构成的选择疑问句Do you want to buy it or not ?你是想买它还是不想买?Are you ready or not?你准备好了还是没有准备好?5、选择疑问句的答非所问语选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式,不能用yes 或 no,如:Do you go to work by bus or by bike ?你乘公交车还是骑自行车去上
23、班?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - By bus.乘公交车。Which would you like, tea or coffee? 你要茶还是咖啡? Coffee.咖啡6、or 连接的选择疑问句并列部分可以是多种句子成分(1)表语,如:Are you an Englishman or an American ?你是英国人还是美国人?I m from England. 我是英国人。(2)状语,如:Is the
24、 delegation arriving today or tomorrow ?代表团今天到还是明天到?Today,I think. 我想是今天到。(3)宾语,如:Would you like coffee or tea ?你要咖啡还是茶?Tea, please. 请给我茶。(4)谓语,如:Shall we watch TV or go to the concert ?我们是看电视还是去听音乐会?I d prefer to go to the concert.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - -
25、- - - - - 第 12 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - 我宁愿去听音乐会。(5)分句,如:Shall I come to pick you up or shall we meet at the airport ?我来接你还是咱们去机场碰头?As you please.随便。(四)反意疑问句1、反意疑问句的构成反意疑问句( disjunctive questions)是一种常用于口语的疑问句,这种问句由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是附加的一简短问句(称为question tag) ,中间用逗号隔开,因此,反意疑问句又称附加疑问句。如果陈述句是肯定句式,附加问
26、句用否定句式;如果陈述句是否定式,附加问句用肯定句式。附加问句一般为 “be 动词(助动词、情态动词)+代词 ” 构成,如:They didn t clean the classroom yesterday,did they?他们昨天没有扫扫教室,是吗?Youre coming,aren t you?你会来的,不是吗?John doesn t like tea,does he?约翰不喜欢茶,是吗?She can t swim,can she?她不会游泳,对吗?This is your car,isn t it ?这是你的车,对吧?You don t like rock music ,do yo
27、u ?你不喜欢摇滚乐,对吧?2、反意疑问句需注意的问题(1)附加问句中的主语要用代词,如果陈述句的主语是代词,用相应的代词即可,如果陈述句的主语是名词,用相应的代词指代该名词,如:He is your teacher,isn t he?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 13 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - 他是你的老师,是吧?Li lei gets up at six in the morning ,doesnt he?李雷每天早上6 点钟起床,是
28、吗?(2)如果陈述句中有系动词或情态动词或助动词,附加疑问句中用与它相应的肯定或否定形式即可;如果没有,就要根据陈述句的时态选择适当的助动词,如:Tom has finished his homework ,hasnt he?汤姆己经完成了他的家庭作业,是吗?She went to Shanghai yesterday,didn t she?她昨天去上海了,是吗?(3)有些句子包含表示否定意义语,也算否定句,如:There s little water in the bottle ,is there?瓶子里没有水了,是吗?(4)在个别情况下,前后两部分可以都是肯定或都是否定。这时有特殊的涵义,
29、如:You sold that lovely bracelet ,did you ?( =I m sorry you did. )你把那只漂亮手镯卖了,是吗?(真遗憾。)3、反意疑问句的语调(1)通常陈述句部分用降调,附加问句用升调,如:He can t swim,can he?他不会游泳,是吗?Lily likes sports ,doesnt she?丽莉喜欢运动,是吗?(2)对自己的看法比较肯定而又希望听者同意这种看法时,前后都用降调:You don t like rock music ,do you?期望回答: No,I don t.You like rock music ,dont
30、you ?期望回答: Yes,I do. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 14 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - 4、反意疑问句的答语(1)反意疑问句的答语一般由yes 或 no 引导的简略答语来回答,但是要注意时态及代词的呼应,如:She is your teacher,isn t she?她是你的老师,是吧?Yes ,she is.是的,她是。No,she isnt.不,她不是。Li lei gets up at six in the morn
31、ing ,doesnt he?李雷每天早上6 点钟起床,是吗?Yes,he is.是的,他是。No ,he isn t.不,他不是。(2)在前否定后肯定的句子中,yes含义为 “ 不” ,no 含义为 “ 是” ,如:She can t swim,can she ?她不会游泳,对吗?Yes ,she can.不,她会。No, she can t.是的,她不会。She isn t your teacher,is she?她不是你的老师,对吧?Yes,she is.不,她是。No, she isnt.是的,她不是。5、一些特殊句式的反意疑问句(1)陈述句是I am结构,反意问句用arent I 或
32、 am not I,如:I m right ,aren t I?我是正确的,对吗?I m late,am not I ?我迟到了,是吗?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 15 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - (2)陈述句的主语是不定代词时,如果是表示物的everything,anything,something,nothing 时,反意问句的主语 it, 谓语动词用单数, 如果是表示人的everybody, everyone, somebody,
33、someone, anybody, anyone,nobody,no one时,反意问句的主语可用they,也可用 he,谓语动词用相应的单、复数,如:Nothing is serious,is it?没什么严重的,是吗?No one was hurt,were they?没有人受伤,是吗?Everybody knows what I said ,dont they?每个人都懂了我所说的,是吗?Everyone knows his job ,doesnt he?每个人都了解他的工作,是吗?(3)如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that 时,疑问句的主语用it,谓语单数;如果陈述部分的主语
34、是指示代词 these,those,则疑问句的主语用they,谓语用复数,如:This is very important ,isn t it?这是非常重要的,是吗?Those are cups,aren t they?这些是茶杯,是吗?(4)如果陈述部分以不定代词one作主语 ,附加疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one,在非正式场合用you,如: One can t be too careful, can one(you)?最认真不过如此了,是吗 ? (5)陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式或动名词时,疑问部分的主语用it,谓语用单数,如:What you said is wrong ,isn t i
35、t?你说的错了,不是吗?To learn English well isnt easy,is it?学好英语不容易,是吗?Practising speaking English every morning will do you good ,wont it ?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 16 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - 每天早上练习说英语对你有好处,不是吗?(6)陈述句中的谓语动词是there be,后边的疑问部分也用there be形式
36、,如:There is an apple on the table,isn t there?桌子上有只苹果,是吗?There re some trees on the island,aren t there?小岛上有一些树,是吗?(7)陈述句谓语动词是wish,表示征求意见时,反意问句用may,如:I wish to have another piece of cake,may I?我想再要一块蛋糕,可以吗?I wish to go home now ,may I?我想现在就回家,可以吗?(8)陈述句句中有hardly,seldom,rarely,no, nothing, never,litt
37、le ,few,nobody,nowhere,barely,neither,too to等表示否定意义的词时,反意问句用肯定式,如:You will never forget it ,will you ?你永远不会忘记这件事,是吗?There is nothing on the table,is there?桌子上什么也没有,是吗?She has few friends,does she ?她几乎没有朋友,是吗?(9)如果陈述句中的否定式仅带有否定词缀(前缀或后缀),则将其看成肯定句,反意问句一般仍用否定式,如:He is unfit for his job ,isn t he?他并不适合他的
38、工作,是吗?That s unfair,isn t it?那是不公平的,对吗?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 17 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - (10)陈述句中的谓语动词为have/has to/had to时,其疑问部分的谓语动词应用dont /doesn t/didn t,如:He has to get up at four tomorrow ,doesnt he?他明天不得不4 点钟起床,是吗?They had to leave ear
39、ly,didn t they?他们不得不早些离开,是吗?(11)陈述句中的谓语动词为used to时,其疑问部分的谓语动词有两种形式,如:He used to live in London ,usednt he/didnt he?他过去住在伦敦,是吗?There used to be a cinema here before the war ,usednt there/didnt there?战争前,这儿有一家电影院,是吗?(12)陈述句中的谓语动词是ought to,则疑问部分的谓语动词通常用ought/oughtn t代替,如:Such things ought not to be all
40、owed,ought they?这样的事情是不允许的,是吗?He ought to be punished,oughtn t he?他应该受到惩罚,是吗?或 We ought to go ,ought we not?我们应该去,是吗?或we ought to go ,should we not?(13)当陈述部分有dare 或 need时,若 dare 和 need为实义动词,疑问部分的谓语动词用do 的适当形式;若 dare 和 need为情态动词,疑问部分用dare或 need构成,如:We need to do it,dont we?我们需要做这种事,是吗?You daren t go
41、there,dare you?你不敢去那里,是吗?(14)含有情态动词must 的句子1)若陈述句中强调对现在的情况的推测,疑问部分用aren t/isnt+主语,如:名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 18 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - You must be tired,aren t you?你一定很累了吧,对吗?2)陈述句中谓语动词是must have+过去分词时,若陈述句中强调过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用did
42、nt + 主语,如:He must have met her yesterday,didn t he?他想必是昨天下午见过她了,是吗?3)若陈述句中强调动作的完成,疑问部分的谓语动词用havent/hasn t+主语,如:You must have seen the film,havent you ?你想必是看过这部电影,是吗?4)若陈述部分的must 表示 “ 有必要 ” 时,附加疑问句的部分则用neednt,如:You must go home right now ,neednt you?你有必要马上回家,是吗?5)当 mustnt表示禁止时,附加疑问部分一般用may,如:You must
43、n t walk on grass,may you?不许在草地上走,知道吗?(15)祈使句的反意疑问句,一般在句尾加will you ,如:Give me a hand,will you ?帮帮我,好吗?Stop that noise,will you ?别吵了,行不行?Dont forget it, will you? 别忘了它,好吗?Dont talk any more ,will you ?别再说话了,好吗?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 19 页,共 21 页
44、 - - - - - - - - - 注意:在陈述部分是肯定的句子中,也可用won t you。(16)let s开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用shall we;let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用will you ,如:Let s go there, shall we?我们去那里,好吗?Let us go there,will you ?在口语中,也可用下面形式:Let s go fishing. All right (or OK )?我们去钓鱼,好吗?(17)主从复合句的附加问句1)复合句的反意疑问句一般是根据主句的主语和谓语形式构成反意疑问部分的,如:He said that we we
45、re happy,didn t he?2)复合句的主句是I think(expect,suppose ,believe,suspect,imagine)时,附加问句要根据主句而定,主语是第一人称时,要根据从句而定,主语为第二、三人称时,与主句保持一致,并且要注意否定的转移,如:I suppose he is serious ,isn t he?我想他很严肃,是吗?You think she is a good teacher,dont you ?你认为她是一个好老师,是吗?I believe he can find her mother nowhere,can he?我相信他到哪里也找不到她的
46、妈妈,不是吗?(注意,用nowhere 为否定句)I expect they will win the match ,wont they ?我希望他们赢得那场比赛,不是吗?Your brother thinks you can do the job well ,doesnt he?你弟弟认为你能把这项工作做好,不是吗?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 20 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - - I don t think he is the suitab
47、le man for the job,is he?我认为他不是做那项工作的合适人选,不是吗?(18)并列复句的反意疑问句这种反意疑问句,其疑问部分一般与最接近的分句的主、谓语保持一致,如:We must start at once or we cant get there on time,can we?我们必须马上出发,否则我们将不能按时到达那里了,对吗?He is a teacher but his wife isnt a teacher,is she?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 21 页,共 21 页 - - - - - - - - -