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1、Introduction to the NI Electronics Education Platform NI Electronics Education Platform 软件介绍Hands-On Session 手把手学习课程名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - - ? 2007 National Instruments 2 Introduction 介绍Overview 纵览This course is desi
2、gned to give you a brief one-hour introduction to National Instruments Multisim software. The course focuses on the basic elements of schematic capture as well as simulation. Through four exercises, you can work with the NI Multisim environment, place and wire schematic components, simulate a comple
3、ted circuit, and prototype and measure the resulting design. 本课程是用来对NI公司的 Multisim软件做以简单的一小时介绍。课程集中介绍了电路图输入和仿真的基本部分。通过四个练习，你可以在NI公司的 Multisim环境下工作，为电路元器件布局布线，对整个电路进行仿真，然后对最终的设计进行原型化和测量。Design Challenge 设计挑战The exercises in this course are presented in the form of a design challenge. Each of the exer
4、cises is a step of the engineering design process. The challenge is to design a bandpass filter using the 741 operational amplifier. 本课程中的练习是以设计挑战的形式给出的。每个练习都是工程设计流程中的一个步骤。挑战：采用741运算放大器来设计一个带通滤波器。Using Multisim, capture the filter and investigate its characteristics through simulation including gain
5、 and bandwidth. Then prototype the circuit in a 3D breadboarding environment. If you have the National Instruments Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite (NI ELVIS) workstation, you can prototype this circuit in the lab and measure its characteristics. Finally, during the last stage of
6、 the process, compare the real life behavior of the circuit with the simulations created in Multisim. Figure 1 shows the design process by the corresponding exercise number. 采用 Multisim输入滤波器的原理图并进行仿真，测量滤波器特性 (包括增益和带宽 )。然后将电路在三维面包板环境中进行原型化。如果你有NI公司的教学实验室虚拟仪器包(NI ELVIS) 工作站，那么你可以将电路在这个实验室中进行原型化并测量其特性。
7、最后，在设计流程的最后一步，将电路的实际性能与使用Multisim得到的仿真结果进行比较。表 1按照相应的实验序号显示了整个的设计过程。Figure 1. Design Process 表 1. 设计流程Course Requirements 课程要求NI Multisim 10.0NI ELVIS and the NI ELVIS 3.0 software NI LabVIEW SignalExpress 1NI Multisim 10.0 软件2NI ELVIS 和 NI ELVIS 3.0 软件3NI LabVIEW SignalExpress软件The NI Electronics E
8、ducation Platform NI电子教育平台The National Instruments electronics education platform includes Multisim circuit simulation software, industry-standard National Instruments LabVIEW measurement software, and the NI ELVIS prototyping workstation. This integrated hardware and software platform provides a ha
9、nds-on method for students to gain in-depth knowledge of electronics design theory and practice. Based on professional printed circuit board (PCB) design tools, the NI electronics education platform was designed with the needs of educators in mind, and aids student understanding through features suc
10、h as integrated quizzes, virtual and rated components, 3D virtual breadboarding, easy measurements, and more. NI公司电子教育平台软件包括Multisim电路仿真软件、工业标准NI LabVIEW 测量软件和 NI ELVIS原型化工作站。这个集成的硬件和软件平台，为学生获得电子设计理论与实践的深度知识提供了便捷的方法。基于专业化的印刷电路板设计工具，NI 电子教育名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心
11、整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - - ? 2007 National Instruments 3 平台不仅在设计上考虑到教师的需求，并且通过集成化测验、虚拟和标准元器件、三维虚拟面包板和轻松测量等功能，来帮助学生理解。The NI electronics education platform (Figure 2) comprises Multisim, the Multisim MCU Module, NI Ultiboard, NI ELVIS, and LabVIEW. NI电子教育平台 (如图 2所示 )，由 Multisim,
12、Multisim MCU 模块、 NI Utiboard 、NI ELVIS和 LabVIEW软件组成。Figure 2. The NI Electronics Education Platform 图 2. NI电子教育平台Multisim Multisim 软件Multisim is a powerful and intuitive software package designed to give students an easy-to-use platform for capturing and simulating circuits. It includes a profession
13、al-grade SPICE simulation engine, powerful analyses, and virtual instruments such as oscilloscopes and function generators to easily and interactively simulate circuits. Multisim是一个强大而直观的软件包，设计用于为学生们提供一个简单易用的电路输入和仿真平台。它包括一个专业级别的SPICE仿真工具，具备强大的分析功能，以及诸如示波器和函数发生器等的虚拟仪器，来方便地对电路电路进行交互式仿真。Multisim MCU Mo
14、dule Multisim MCU 模块The National Instruments Multisim MCU Module adds microcontroller unit (MCU) cosimulation capabilities to Multisim, so you can include a microcontroller, programmed in assembly or C code, within your SPICE-modeled circuit. NI公司的 Multisim MCU 模块在 Multsim中加入了微控制器单元(MCU) 联合仿真功能，这样用户
15、就可以在SPICE模型电路中包含一个使用汇编或者C 语言编程的微控制器了。The Multisim MCU Module works with Intel/Atmel 8051/8052 and Microchip PIC16F84A chips as well as a broad range of advanced peripherals such as external RAM and ROM, keypads, and graphical and alphanumeric LCDs. With the Multisim MCU Module, students can take ful
16、l advantage of the Multisim educational platform, which makes it the ideal choice for courses such as digital electronics, computer architecture, MCU programming, embedded control, senior design, and more. Multisim MCU 模块兼容 Intel/Atmel 公司的 8051/8052和 Microchip公司的 PIC16F84A ，以及大量的高级外围设备，例如外部RAM 和 ROM
17、 、按键、图形和文字数字LCD等。采用Multisim MCU 模块，学生们可以完全利用Multisim教育平台的优势。 该平台是诸如数字电路、计算机结构、MCU编程、嵌入式控制、高级设计等课程的理想选择。Ultiboard National Instruments Ultiboard provides intuitive PCB layout and routing. You can take designs from Multisim interactive SPICE-based simulation or begin from scratch using parts from the
18、built-in Ultiboard database of land patterns. Ultiboard contains many time-saving features that can help you quickly learn and understand the PCB layout process. For example, using the spreadsheet view, 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 48 页 - - -
19、- - - - - - ? 2007 National Instruments 4 you can drag and drop components into their intended locations on schematics. Then, by using follow-me routing or drawing traces, you can easily route all of their design nets. NI公司的 Ultiboard 软件提供直观的PCB布局布线。用户可以采用由Multisim 基于 SPICE的交互式仿真所获得的设计，也可以使用内建Ultibo
20、ard的焊盘图形数据库中的元件自行设计。 Ultiboard具有大量的省时特点，可以帮助你迅速学习并理解PCB布局的过程。例如：采用数据表视图方式，你可以将器件拖放到电路图上的目标位置。然后，通过会聚式布线或者画线，轻松的对所有的设计网线进行连接。NI ELVIS The National Instruments Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite (NI ELVIS) is a design and prototyping environment based on LabVIEW for university scienc
21、e and engineering laboratories. NI ELVIS consists of virtual instruments based on LabVIEW, a multifunction data acquisition device, and a custom-designed benchtop workstation and prototyping board. This combination provides a ready-to-use suite of instruments found in all educational laboratories. B
22、ecause it is based on LabVIEW and provides complete data acquisition and prototyping capabilities, the system is ideal for academic coursework, from lower-division classes to advanced project-based curricula. Curriculum applications include electronics design, communications, controls, mechatronics,
23、 instrumentation, and data acquisition. NI 教学实验室虚拟仪器包(NI ELVIS) ，是一套基于LabVIEW软件的、用于大学科学工程实验室的设计和原型化的环境。NI ELVIS包含基于 LabVIEW的虚拟仪器、一台多功能数据采集器、 以及一个用户定制设计的台式工作站和原型板。这种组合提供了一个所有教学实验室都具备的即用式器件包。因为这套系统基于LabVIEW软件，它提供了完整的数据采集和原型化功能，所以对所有学术课程，不管是较低级课程还是高级项目课程而言，都是一个理想的系统。课程应用包括电子设计、通信、控制、机械电子、仪器和数据采集。LabVIE
24、W and LabVIEW SignalExpress National Instruments LabVIEW is an open environment designed to make interfacing with any measurement hardware simple. With interactive assistants, code generation, and connectivity to thousands of devices, LabVIEW makes gathering data as simple as possible. NI LabVIEW 是一
25、个开放式环境， 用以简化与所有测量硬件的接口。拥有交互式助手、代码生成， 以及与数千种器件的互连接性等性能，LabVIEW使得数据采集变得十分容易。LabVIEW has more than 500 built-in functions designed specifically for extracting useful information from any set of acquired data and for analyzing measurements and processing signals. LabVIEW provides tools for data visualiz
26、ation, user interface design, Web publishing, report generation, data management, and software connectivity. LabVIEW包含 500多个内建函数，专门设计用于从获取数据的任何集合中提取有用信息，用于分析测量和处理信号。LabVIEW软件提供了大量工具，用于数据可视化、用户界面设计、网页发布、报表生成、数据管理、以及软件连接等。With Multisim, you can place certain instruments, based on LabVIEW, on schematic
27、s to extend the functionality of the simulator. For example, Figure 3 illustrates an expression-based source that can input any formula in terms of time as a voltage to your circuit. 使用 Multisim软用，用户可以基于LabVIEW在电路图上放置特定的器件以扩展仿真器的功能。例如，在图3中就描述了一个基于表达式的源，这个源可以将所有以时间为变量的表达式输入，作为电路的电压。LabVIEW SignalExpr
28、ess is interactive software for quickly acquiring, comparing, automating, and storing measurements. You can use LabVIEW SignalExpress to streamline your exploratory and automated measurement tasks for electronics design, validation, and test. LabVIEW SignalExpress introduces an innovative approach t
29、o configuring your measurements using intuitive drag-and-drop steps that do not require code development. LabVIEW SignalExpress 是一个用于快速采集、比较、自动化及存储测量信息的交互式软件。使用 LabVIEW SignalExpress，用户可以简化电子产品设计、验证与测试等诸多开发与自动化测量任务。 LabVIEW SignalExpress 引进一种创新的方法对测量进行配置。这种方法无需编写代码，而是采用直观的拖放方法进行配置。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎
30、下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - - ? 2007 National Instruments 5 Figure 3. Virtual Instrument Based on LabVIEW for Use in Multisim 图 3. Multisim软件中使用的基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器Section 1 Schematic Capture 第一部分 电路图输入The Multisim Environment Multisim环境The Mul
31、tisim user interface consists of the basic elements illustrated in Figure 4. 如图 4所示， Multisim用户界面包括如下几个基本部分。Figure 4. The Multisim Environment 图 4. Multisim 环境Design Toolbox 设计工具箱Basic Components Power Source Components Standard Toolbar Main Toolbar Design Toolbox Simulation Toolbar Instruments Tool
32、bar Active Circuit Tab Spreadsheet View Circuit Window Component Toolbar Simulation Status 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - - ? 2007 National Instruments 6 Use the Design Toolbox to manage various elements in the schematic. Wi
33、th the Visibility tab, you can choose which layers to display on the current sheet on the workspace. The Hierarchy tab contains a tree that shows the dependencies of the files in the design that you have opened. The Project tab displays information about the current project. You can add files to the
34、 existing folders of the current project, control access to files, and archive designs. 用户可以使用设计工具箱来管理电路图中的各种部件。在Visibility标签页上，你可以选择在工作空间的当前图纸上显示哪一层。Hierarchy标签页包含一棵树，它显示了打开的设计中文件的从属关系。Project标签页显示了当前项目的信息。你可以在当前项目现有的文件夹中添加文件，控制文件的访问，并将设计存档。Spreadsheet View 数据表视图With the Spreadsheet view, you can c
35、onduct fast advanced viewing and editing of parameters including component details such as footprints, reference designators, attributes, and design constraints. This view also provides a global perspective on object properties. 采用 Spreadsheet 视图，你可以快速高效的查看并编辑参数，包括器件详细信息， 如：管脚、引用指示符、属性以及设计约束等。这种视图方式
36、还为对象的属性提供了全局视图。Schematic Components 电路图元器件Components form the basis for any schematic. A component is any part that you can place onto the schematic. Multisim defines two broad categories of parts: real and virtual. It is important to understand the difference between these parts to fully use their
37、advantages. 元器件是所有电路图的基础，就是可以放置到电路图上的任意部件。Multisim软件中定义了两种广泛的器件分类：实际器件和虚拟器件。理解这两种器件之间的区别对于我们充分发挥它们的优点是十分重要的。Real components can be differentiated from virtual parts because real components have a specific value that you cannot change as well as a PCB footprint. 实际器件之所以能从虚拟器件分开来，是因为实际器件有一个不能修改的特定值，PC
38、B管脚也是如此。Virtual components are simulation-only components, which you can assign user-defined characteristics. For example, a virtual resistor can take on any arbitrary resistance. Virtual components can help you check calculations by simulating designs with precise component values. Virtual componen
39、ts can also be idealized components such as the 4-pin hex display shown in Figure 5. 虚拟器件仅仅可用于仿真，你可以为其指定用户定义的特性。例如，虚拟电阻可以呈现任意电阻值。虚拟器件使用精确器件值进行仿真，以帮助用户检查计算。虚拟器件还可以是理想化的元器件，譬如图5中所示的 4管脚的 16 进制显示码。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - -
40、 - ? 2007 National Instruments 7 Figure 5. Various Component Symbols 7-Segment Display, Diode D1, Voltage Source V1, NAND Gate U2A, Microcontroller U3, and Transistor Q1 图 5. 各种器件符号 7 段显示码、二极管D1、电压源V1、与非门U2A 、微控制器U3、晶体管 Q1 Component Toolbars 元器件工具栏With Multisim toolbars, you can quickly and easily p
41、lace the most commonly used circuit components. There are several toolbars available. The Component toolbar opens the component browser and points to an entire category of components such as digital components, analog components, or basic passive components including resistors and capacitors. The Co
42、mponent toolbar, shown in Figure 6, is visible by default. 使用 Multisim工具栏，你可以快捷便利地放置最常用的电路元器件。有几个可用的工具栏。元器件工具栏打开元器件浏览器，并指向一个完整的元器件种类，例如数字元器件、模拟元器件或者基本的无源器件(包含电阻电容 )。如图 6所示，元器件工具栏是默认可视的。Figure 6. The Parts Bin or Component Toolbar 图 6. 元器件工具栏Multisim also provides toolbars for direct placement of com
43、ponents including resistors, capacitors, ground references, and voltage sources. The basic toolbars are not shown by default. You can make any toolbar visible by clicking on its name from the View ? Toolbars menu. Figure 7 and Figure 8 illustrate toolbars that you can use to direct placement of comp
44、onents. Multisim同样还为直接放置元器件(如电阻 ,电容,参考地 ,电压源等 )提供了工具栏。基本工具栏在默认状态下是不可视的。你可以通过单击View ? Toolbars菜单上的名称，来显示这些工具栏。图7 和图 8 显示了可以直接放置的元器件工具栏。Figure 7. Basic Component Toolbar (Direct Placement) 图 7. 基本元器件工具栏(直接放置 ) Figure 8. Power Source Component Toolbar (Direct Placement) 图 8. 电压源器件工具栏(直接放置 ) Component B
45、rowser 元器件浏览器Use the Component Browser to select components for placement onto the schematic. To access the Component Browser, click on any icon in the Component toolbar or select Place/Component. Double- click on the desired component to place it on the schematic. The component ghosts the mouse cur
46、sor until you click the left mouse button again to place the component. Figure 9 illustrates the Component Browser window. 使用元器件浏览器选择要放置到电路图上的元器件。要访问元器件浏览器，可以单击元器件工具栏上的任何图标，或者选择Place/Component 。双击目标元件放置到电路图上。元器件一直跟随光标直至再次左击鼠标进行放置。图9显示了元器件浏览器窗口. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
47、- 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 48 页 - - - - - - - - - ? 2007 National Instruments 8 Figure 9. The Component Browser 图 9. 元器件浏览器To search this view, simply start typing the name of the desired component, and the browser automatically displays matching candidate parts. Optionally, for a more detailed
48、search, click on the Search button. 要搜索器件， 只需输入目标元器件的名称，然后浏览器就会自动显示相符合的候选部件。如需要更详细的搜索，可点击搜索按钮。The Component Browser shows the current database in which the displayed parts are stored. Multisim organizes the parts by group and family. The browser also shows the symbol, a description of the component
49、in the Function field, the model, and the footprint/manufacturer. 元器件浏览器显示了当前的数据库，里面显示了所储存的部件。 Multsim按照组 (group)和族 (family) 组织部件。浏览器还显示了元器件符号、函数域元器件描述、模型、和管脚/制造商。You can use the wildcard character ?* to match any set of characters. For example, LM*78 matches components LM*AD and returns both LM101A
50、D and LM108AD, among others. 你可以使用通配符 * 来匹配任意字符。例如，LM*78 与元器件 LM*AD 匹配，返回LM101AD 和LM108AD 。Schematic Wiring 电路图布线Multisim provides modeless operation the action performed by the mouse cursor is dependent on the cursors location. There is no need to select a tool or mode when working with Multisim. T