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1、精品文档精品文档（1） 不同观点列举型（选择型） There is a widespread concern over the issue that _作文题目 _. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一 _. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in t
2、he first place, _原因一 _.Furthermore , in the second place, _原因二 _. So it goes without saying that _观点一 _. People, however,differin their opinions on this matter . Some people hold the idea that _观点二 _. In their point of view, on the one hand， _ 原因一 _. On the other hand, _原因二 _. Therefore, there is no
3、 doubt that _ 观点二 _. As far as I am concerned, I firmlysupport the view that _ 观点一或二_. It is not only because _, but also because _. The more _, the more _. （2）利弊型的议论文Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_ 作文题目 _. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in _ 题目议题
4、 _. Generallyspeaking , it is widely believed there are severalpositive aspects as follows. Firstly, _优点一 _. And secondly _优点二 _. Just As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, _讨论议题 _ is no exception , and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, _缺点一 _. In addition,
5、 _缺点二 _. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of _讨论议题 _ into full play , and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely ma
6、ke a better use of the _讨论议题 _. （3） 答题性议论文 Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文题目_ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be
7、taken to undo this problem. First of all, _途径一 _. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is _途径二 _. Above all , to solve the problem of _作文题目 _, we should find a number of variousways. But as far as I am concerned, I would preferto solve the problem in this way, that
8、 is to say, _方法_. （4） 谚语警句性议论文 It is well know to us that the proverb : _ 谚语_ has a profoundsignificance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means _谚语的含义 _. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A case in point is _ 例子一_. Th
9、erefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb _谚语_. With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
10、- 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档stick to the saying: _谚语_. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our dailystudy and job. （5）图表作文的框架 As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/
11、picture/pie/chart), _作文题目的议题 _ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from_ in _ to _ in _. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that _. There are at least two good reasons accounting for
12、 _. On the one hand, _. On the other hand, _ is due to the fact that _. In addition, _ is responsible for _. Maybe there are some other reasons to show _. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _.
13、 I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. （6）实用性写作（申请信 ) Your address Month, Date, year Receivers address 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档Dear ., I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your ad
14、vertisement for the position in . And I would like to write a letter to tell you that./ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising. ./ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, . On the other hand, . I am enclosing my resume f
15、or your kind consideration and reference. I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience. Best regards for your health a
16、nd success. Sincerely yours, X X X 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档01 The Language of Music A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can h
17、ear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with t
18、echnique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing
19、the bow to and fro with the right armtwo entirely different movements. Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner s responsibility to tune the i
20、nstrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every not
21、e of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that th
22、ey can enjoy performing works written in any century. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档02 Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Neverthel
23、ess,it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether
24、in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to
25、a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very
26、 broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integra l part of ones entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Th
27、roughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of gove
28、rnment, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共
29、 16 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling. 03 The Definition of “Price ” Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and
30、services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-util
31、ity services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system ” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly se
32、lected individuals to define “price ”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as f
33、ar as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged,
34、 the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and s
35、eller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档04 El
36、ectricity The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets beca
37、use there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators. Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and mo
38、re that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity. All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is w
39、orking. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have
40、 become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing. The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity thro
41、ugh the water in which it live. ( An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four- fifths of all the cells in the electric eels body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body. 名师资料总结
42、 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档05 The Beginning of Drama There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The on most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual
43、. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results
44、 were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama. Those who believ
45、e that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usu
46、ally made between the acting area and the auditorium. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, ani
47、mals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities. Another theory traces the theaters origin from the human interest in sto
48、rytelling. According to 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档this vies tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator a
49、nd then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds. 06 Television Television-the most pervasive and persuasive of modern t
50、echnologies, marked by rapid change and growth-is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies. The word