定语从句讲解与练习.pdf

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1、定语从句讲解与练习作者 : 日期：高中英语定语从句详解仔细观察下列句子，并注意划线部分的用法。1 at s l ta no. 2. Anyone whoaslaethis monng shold besponsib for t is ci n. 3.This he scenist whachiveents are el own4What d yotin of thepotos ha/ whh tok in the park? 5Teytald abut th people andthing thttheyemebered in h od dys.概念: （1） 定语从句 :在主从复合句中用作_

2、的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词 (ntecedn)后面。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：1）代替先行词 ;2)引导 定语从句，连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词；3)必在从句中作某个句子成份 （可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词：that, wh , wh， wom, s, os常用的关系副词 : when, hy, wee wo, that， _ 作主语； wh, whom, w ich, _作宾语和表语 ; _作定语。注意 :当关系代词作_语时常常可省略

3、 , 而作 _语时则不能省略。 e stuen ho asweed the qetin s ohn. knwthe reas why he was soangr. h y (whom) uare alkigtois y broter.Id l ea room hoeidow ks u over tee定语从句三步 : 第一找出先行词 ; 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。 几个关系代词的基本用法: tha : 可指人或物； 在定语从句中作主语，宾语 ,表语。 （指人时 ,相当于 ho 或om;指物时 ,相当于 wh h）(一般不用于非限制性定语从句

4、;不可置于介词后作宾语)如: . o ounwthe entlanthat/who pok st now？2. Youcan taeanytin (that) you ie3. at is he qeston (tat/whi ) theyaea g b ? 4.Hereis the man ( wh/ m/tht ) you ant to see . She o lnger the gir (that） sd tobe befre. c:指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语，定语。 如：. The book whch/tha was o theesk asbohby mfater2. The

5、 book (whch/tht)I bought yeserday s ver iteestig. 3. Te factoi whihh fathe work is faromhre ho,who,whose：wo:主格 , 在从句中作主语 ,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人wh: 宾格 ,在从句中作宾语 ;只可指人hose： 属格，在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。1I like the stuentswho/that wo k hard. 2ll who heardthestory were aae. 3.Hes a from whm wshuld lern= Hsa man(w m/

6、who/that)we sholleanrm. 4. A chldwhoseparent ar dad is leda ohan5. Id like aroom whoewinow es so h. =Idlik a room of wichthe w wfacessouth.=Id l k a room he window whcfacsso关系代词作介词宾语:(介词whm / wich) 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置 ,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。）1.Ths ish oo o whih yu askd.

7、=Thi is h ook (h/whh） you sedfo. 2. Doyou knw e peronith hm shook hand? Doyouknow the p son(ho/whotht) I hookhandsit? 3. s this th factry tohic youpad a sit lst wek？. Isthisactry the one towicyoupid vist lastweek? 5 Thssth grhmtey looking af r. (介词 te与 ook 构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, lookor， lok after,tke

8、areof 等）as 的用法 :(as 引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语) 如为限制性的，多用于the same s； the sameas;u as ; a /muc s;so as 等结构中。如：1.I hae he same ook ayou （ave). . .-Why idnt u meto tha inae of the olicut n？- tough it s uhami r detai s as adly w thmentioing. 3. Dondo ch thngs as o not subot. 比较： I live the ame houetat used

9、 t lv in. Im wering th sameshirt s u wore yeser . 比较 :Heeis so a stone s no one canlift. Her i so big a stoe th no o can lftit如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为正如，这一点。 （动词常为know, e, e ec,poit ut,etc.）1.A we all now，sokingis hrmfu to es ealh =Asis knowt all, smokinis harful to ones halh . =Ikno

10、w to al tat smoking is harmu toones healh =Sking is armful t eshealth, as w al nw . Smoki, as e l kno, s arfuto nehealth.He as a reiner, as I kew fo hisaccent. . 关系副词引导的定语从句: hen 指时间 ,在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如:time， day，week, tear， monh, tc.）e clas nightenI ws out. We lputfthpin nilex wek, h te wea

11、e ld bebetter. 注意：先行词为 时间名词 ,可用 whn 引导定语从句 ,when 在定语从句中作状语；还可以用 whic或 tt引导,which 或 t t 在从句中作主语或宾语。比较 :.I till remebr th dy henon whic my brother jo edhearmy. 2.I stil remebe th days whihtha e sen oether. .Ishlln e forge tedy when Shenhu w laune,wichhas ageateffec o my life. Wher 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词

12、是表示地点的名词,如： pac, hol， fcory, rom， etc. This i he lace w reI was b n. ve itheoom where /in whic he uedtoli e. 注意：先行词是 地点名词 ,定语从句可用 her引导，还可用whi或 that 引导 ,whch/hat 在从句中作主语或宾语。比较 : 1 This is thfcrwhe /inhih he worked lastear. 2 Itiyu have go to thepint wherea chage sedd, or yuoldail. 3. Hes gt himself

13、nt a dangrous situation wher hes ikely t lose conrol theplane. 4. Tis ise park which/that hey ited ls ea. Why 指原因 ,在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为 eas n 时,可用 r which 指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用hic或 ha 引导。如 : 1.The ason wh fowich （that) he idnttted the eig wa tat h wasill. 2. I dont bel v thereasn(thatwhic) he gavme. . H

14、v you asked im threaon thamay exlai h suces? 当先行词为way 时，the way 在从句中作状语时,定语从句常用hat, n wich,或 how引导， that 常可以省略。the wa在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用whc或 that 引导。如 : Ths i the way (that) /which do uch things比较 : Pease do th exerient in the wa（ta/wic） I hav shown you. . 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：.形式上 ,非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2. 语法上

15、，非限制性定语从句一般不用tat. . 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密,起限定作用， 如果去掉了这个定语从句,整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密,对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。This he bok I ke bestBeiji g, chsen Chinascaital for mo thn 8yes，s ich nculural nd hitoric rics4.翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为的字结构） ;而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。比较 : He as siste, hoi a sican. He as siser wh

16、o s a m ia. 引导 非限制性定语从句的关系代词,指人 时用h, wh m， wh s ,指物 时用which ,wh se; 关系副词 he， hr,wh, etc1. He stuedhrd at school wh n he was youn ,whic ldso s sccess i i late life. 2. Tomfather, who rried ut now, i afaoscientist. .几个易混淆的关系代词的比较: that & which:在定语从句中， which 和 at在指代事物时 ,一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样 ,这里介绍用 th

17、at， 而不用 which 的情况先行词为不定代词，ll, uh, somhing,eeryhin， a thing, nthn,non,heoe等, 1e should oalthas seu o th pepe . 2.her othing that anbe sai aou i . 3.D yu meanthone that wa bo ht ye rday? 先行词被oly， any， fw， lite, no, jus, very,one o等词修饰时。1.he only h g tat we coul do ws wait.Thats the r wod tha swrngl us

18、ed. 3.hls a (that) e s d was te chemical works. 比较 *This snethe et novel thaere pubihe lastye . *Th s s the only oe o te bs els tha wa pblished lasyear. 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。1When e tlk abut uxi, the f rst that coe tomin i Tai Lae.Ths tetird thas e howninour school thi erm. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。1.Thisi th be

19、sttht canbdoe now. 2.Te os import t thingthat should be one ignowishow to o m fom gig n先行词既有人又有物,用 hich 和h都不适合 ,这时宜用 that 如: 1The write ndisnovethatoavejust talkd aoireally elknown2.herider nd his bie tat hd run oer an old woman were held up te plice. 被修饰词为数词时. 1estea Ica t tw fhnd put hm in a ba n

20、owater .yoa see the two that aretill lve. 如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用wich ,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。Eison buit u fatoy wihproduced thngstha ha neve eeee beore. 疑问词是 h或 wi，关系代词宜用a，以避免重复。. Whc i h boo at you like est? 2 Whoithe n tht is staning atthegate? 主句是Tere e结构 ,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用ht 作关系代词如: .Thee is tseat i t

21、 orner hat is stl free. 被修饰成分为表语时， 或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用tat . . hat a ooook thatwi elp youa lo. 2. y home villag so l er hep e ( h ) t usdte 定语从句中用 which 而不用 th 的情况：当关系代词的前面有介词时.1.A zo isarkin wcmy ki s of ails areket for ehbtin. I thstheom i w h . hit live? 在非限制性定语从句中. 1Cuo og，whichws ae nw ver

22、y old， eael and died 2Moe and me pe l ar beginnig lear Engish,whh ibong popur nourcountry.在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了th, 另一个宜用whih . 1. Let e show you he nvel that borrwefomh library whinely oe o . 当关系代词后面带有插入语时.Hes tnglih rmar whc,asI hae told yo，will heliproe your ngih. 先行词本身是tht,宜用 ih Wha tha h

23、ich she is lookat？先行词是thse复数名词. A shop hould keep a sockof thoe godwich sel best. (B) who &th: who 和 hat 指代人时，有些情况用who, 而不用 that 先行词为anyo ,anyboy, those, ll, one， e, tey, he, people时.如：1.heperson I wa t t lea rom i th on who tudis ard and wors wel. 2.Anyonewho(Whever)failet ome tothe me g semst ive

24、hs reon . hose ho ar n it for thei work shld leav fic at one. 在hrebe 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词wo 指代人 . 如: 1.There a gnlman who wants o see you Ther are seltudents in ur class ho are s ll not suout the use of attibuie laue. 当先行词有较长的后置定语时如: 1 met foeiger n theprk yested afe oonwh coud peak Cnese r well. as

25、which: &wi 引导非限制性定语从句的区别: 位置的不同 : which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as 位置较灵活 ,也就是说 as 可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如: 1He wa late gain， whc mdehs tchevr agry. Jack, as you kn w, is n honest an.或 Jackisan honet a ,asyouknow. 或 As you knw, ack is an honest man. 先行词的不同 : as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子; whic引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可

26、以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。1. Sheas ey pt toard th c dren,whiher huandseldom was eas roud, wich I ike very uc.（先行词是一个句子) 3 He is nhonsman,as is known toal. as 一般译为 正如就像，这一点 aswall kno;as yuknow； is knownto all;sou ee; as we can ee; as ha een expect d; as eav imained合并下列句子1 The man iseac r. 2 .Th woliesnex door

27、. 1. h nurse iskind. . Th nre loks aft my sister1Keviis readng a bok2. The ok is too iffi for im. 1 I have afren. 2. H liksistenig to cl icalusic. 1. ny pole we a id t swim inhe sea. 2. Theyaw he film a. 1 t s ab white ark. 2. It attacks swimmes. 1 Iknow the doctor. 2 idaughterstudiesabroad. 1. Have

28、you senm book? 2.The book s oei red. 用适当的关系词填空. 1Dooulih es_ I ogh ou estrday? . h s ryoo _was riteny suncle wasquiteitrestin. 3.Theboy _comptr oest ork welln syu help. This is th best oi _we haveseenthis yea Th doto_wemet in thstes from Amri . . The pssengers and tesuitcses _ werein te witing rom h

29、d o ait foraothr pla7 Who is te gil_yu want tomae frndsith? 8. Ths s thelat les n _ r. Sm h tauht u. 用适当的关系词填空. 1 I will e rethe dy _I istent tochool. I will nev rfret te dy _w pntin Beijing. .Te house _ _ wvisied i eing paire n. Thehouse _ Lux n once is beig rpared ow. 选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。1.

30、I am aingHarr Porter， _i aniteestgbk. . ilinthe exam._ me s arnt ngr3e faled in th xam, _ad his aretangr. .He hs two sos. Botho _ _are t chers5.He has w os,both of_ae teac ers介词关系代词的使用. o youlk the book _ _ he sent ? 2. o you like the book_ he pai$10？3. yu like t ook_ _ _he learned o? 4. ike the bo_

31、 _ sheoftentaks? 定语从句汉译英练习：1、她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。2、他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。、这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。4、他们住在一座窗户朝南的房子里。、我仍然记得我第一次来到这座城市的那一天。6、这就是我们以前住过的房子。7、他考试通过了 ,这使他父母很高兴。8、他们正在谈论在公园里看到的人和物。用适当的关系词填空：1. I sill r ber t night _I frst cm to t ose2. Ill nev r forg he dy_ met each other lst eek. 3. Mr Bl c s oing to Be i g i Ot

32、o r, _i th best seaon there. 4. s s the chool _I us o . . Do yu sl rmemer te ce_ e visie at we？6. yo still reme e h place_ we iited the panting xhibiti n? 7. I li e Beji,_i te capitl o ia. 8. Thre was a tm _tere ere slaves n he SA9 t n the stret _I met Jo etrd. 10. his is he ery novel bout_weve alke

33、d o mch. 11. He lives th roo_ do faces t the sou . 12. I o e y u will find s valle beaut ful pl ce_ y u m y spend you w ed对比练习1 omioeoft s ho _ (e） fro tUSA. oms the only oeof the bys h_ (be) from he USA. . I hisfactoy _wevisi d l t wee? I h acory_e vis ed last eek？ a?B. woe C ho? D. th one . The ld

34、 ma did_ he cold telp thcidren. The old n dd all_ coud to hth children. A. wha?B. hatCa at?. which .(1) The oo _ window faces soth my it . (2） The room _ acsoth sy si r s.A. whi h?B.whose C. ho D. whom 单句改错1.HlivinBeij gfor twoyas,urng henhe earnedChinese2.He sadhe would ome to e s th nx wek,then eh

35、ad fretie. 3.He wo the first la in th exa, tatmahm very ga. 4.Tman, tat lvs nx tou, is my nglish eachr5.heade a terriboie,andhich boght herhart to hmou. 6.Thisis n of the boks wich was ten b uXn. 7.Tis ishe mst autifl placetha havev td it8.Thescol whr I wo edthr s famous oe. 9.Th tmte w eon h ab wre

36、 ivn to you. 10. Theo where he ivesn is bige thn min. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Myclsmate ivin han,_is e of thotest s in China. 2.Thetea er sm hknder tgirls than oboy, _ of cous keste boys vragry3.Hifathe woksinthe cmpany, _c uters e mde4.ak isalwy absentfrom clas , _ is w isblaed byhis teahe5.The getlem _ yu told meabu ysterdy roveo be a the6.he ld maeembeed he veday _ he met Cairman Mao. 7.I mgoin to visit w o，_my arents v. 8.I hve o brter，thealr f _s lesuet. 9.I li e i a nw h e _ _ dowfae south. 10. I stud in e clasrom, i on _ stads a bigte