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1、虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。一、虚拟语气的概念4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。 省略主句 If I were
2、 at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。 5注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用的过去时态一律用were，不用不用was。 eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him. 四、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用四、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用1 用于宾语从句用于宾语从句 、wish wish 后面的宾语从句中。后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓其谓语动词形式为
3、：语动词形式为：表现在过去时表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表过去过去完成时表将来表将来would, might, could动词原形动词原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desi
4、re etc.We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：注意：suggest 当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时，讲时，insist 表示表示”坚持说之意时，应用陈述语气，作坚持说之意时，应用陈述语气，作“坚决主张；坚决主张；坚决要求坚决要求”讲时，用虚拟语气。讲时，用虚拟语气。如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The m
5、an insisted that he had never stolen the money. 在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等等名词后的表语和同位语从句中名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用要用“should动词原形动词原形”should可以省略可以省略 2 用于表语从句和同位语从句用于表语从句和同位语从句My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) hav
6、e a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.3 虚拟语气在主语从句中A.在句型在句型 “ “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形动词原形 1 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 Its natu
7、ral that she should do so. Its important that we should take good care of the patient. B. 在在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中句型中从句用从句用(should )+动词原型动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中句型中从从句也常用句也常用(should )+动词原型动词原型 I
8、ts a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 1. It is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓从句中的谓语动词用过去式或语动词用过去式或should动词原形，动词原形，should不能省略不能省略五、虚拟语气在其他从句中五、虚拟语气在其他从句中It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)表示现在的情况表示现在的情况,应用过去式应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况如果是过去的情况,应用
9、过去完成时态应用过去完成时态 If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!3. would rather + 从句动词用过去式或过去完成时从句动词用过去式或过去完成时I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. 4. as if ( as though) 看起来看起来常用虚拟形式，即常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去
10、完成式用过去完成式 (had done).He treats the boy as if he were his own son.He spoke as if he had known about it5. even if ( even though)即使即使Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.四四 情态动词情态动词+ have donecould have done 本来可以本来可以- - -might have d
11、one 本来可能本来可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做本来应该做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。你本不应该告诉她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做本不必做 - - - 比较：比较：didnt need to do 没必要做也没有做没必要做也没有做 - - - 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the w
12、indows . My brother did it.would have done 本来会去做本来会去做-I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.Choose the best answer: It is strange that the little boy _ _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm.
13、 A. be finished B . will finish C. must be finished3.He _ you more help , even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C . may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party , there _no New China. A . would be B. has been C. should be D . was5. He is talking so much about America
14、 as if he _ there. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. are B. were C. would be D. would have been8. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have