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1、英语语法 -名词（一）可数名词和不可数名词1 什么是不可数名词？1）物质名词glass, tea 2）抽象名词beauty, youth 3) 科学名称physics, maths 练习：找出不可数名词boot tear knowledge money wood chicken music homework bread blood dress news milk dustman 2不可数名词变成可数名词1）词义发生改变time times work-works woodwoods sandsands clothclothes glassglasses 2) 加量词a glass of wate
2、r , two pieces of paper 练习；填入恰当的量词a _ of good news ( 条) a _ of trousers (条) a _ of advice ( 条 ) a _ of coffee ( 杯 ) a _ of oil ( 滴) a _ of time ( 段) a _ of matches (盒) a _ of glasses (副) a _ of chocolate ( 条) a _ of ink ( 瓶) a _ of tea (壶) two _ of fish ( 盘) three _ of rice ( 袋) four _ of furniture
3、( 件) five _ of sugar ( 磅) six _ of clothes ( 套 ) 3可数名词的复数构成A.规则变化构成法例词一般情况在词尾加_ desk-desks picture-pictures 以_ _ _ _ 结尾加_ bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches 以辅音 +_结尾，变 _为_加 _ baby-babies family-families country-countries 以辅音 + _结尾加 _ tomoto-tomatoes potato-potatoes Negro-Negroes volcano
4、-volcanoes 黑人英雄 爱在 火山 上吃 土豆西红柿以元音 + _结尾加 _ radio -radios photo-photos 以 _ 或 _ 结 尾 ， 变_/_ 为_, 加 _ life-lives leaf-leaves half-halves为了 自己 活命，小偷和他的 妻子 拿着 刀子 和一片 树叶 站在 架子 上，把 狼劈成 两半。练习：写出下列名词的复数形式。1）shoe 2) orange 3) eye 4) month 5) fox 6) match 7) city 8) class 9) family 10) country 11) boy 12) key 13
5、) leaf 14) thief 15)hero 16)photo B.不规则变化1.单复同形deer sheep fish Chinese Japanese means 2.只有复数形式people police cattle clothes trousers, glasses 3.不规则变化man- men woman- women foot - feet tooth-teeth mouse -mice child-children German-Germans 4.复合名词的复数1)将后一部分变成复数Englishman-Englishmen gentleman-gentlemen po
6、licewoman-policewomen grown-up-grown-ups 2)将主要成分变成复数looker-on-lookers-on son-in-law-sons-in-law 3)如果前一词是man, woman，将两部分都变成复数men doctors women singers 练习： roof_ woman driver_ step-mother_ sheep _ Japanese _ sister-in-law_ （二）名词所有格 （表示所属、类别、动作的执行者或承受者）1.表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格在名词后加 s the teacher s praise the
7、cat s food James dog the dogs food 2.表示无生命的东西的名词，用of+名词的结构来表示the leg of the desk the cover of the magazine 3.在时间，距离，度量，价值等名词后，可用名词所有格。two months time today s newspaper fifty pound s weight 4.表示店铺或某人的家时，常在所有格后省去shop, home. the doctor s the tailor s my uncle s the barber s 5.名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词时，用of 词
8、组 +所有格表示a friend of John s that bike of Tom s 6. 某样东西为两人或多人共有，在后一个名词尾+ s . Jane and Fred s mother Jane s and Fred s mother Tom and Tim s car Tom s and Tim s car （三）名词的用法名词在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等。1、The story is very interesting. ( ) 2、I am drawing a picture. ( ) 3、 My brother is a doctor. ( ) 4、Your pencil
9、box is so nice. ( ) （四）主谓一致1.主语是复数，谓语用复数，主语是单数，谓语用单数。He is a student. We are students. 2.and 连接两个名词，看有无the. The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing. The professor and the writer are going to our school. 3.A number of 和 The number of 后的谓语。The number of people was fifty, but
10、a number of them were absent for different reasons. 4.主语 + with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including +主语，谓语动词的单复数与第一个主语一致。A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift. All the teachers as well as the students (be) invited to the party. 5以 either or , neither nor , not on
11、ly but also ，not but等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应按照就近原则 。Either you or he _(be) to go . Not only he but also I _(be) wrong . Neither the children nor the teacher _ (know) anything about it. 6. There be 句型 就近原则 。There _ a pair of glasses on the desk. There _ two patients and a nurse in the hospital. 7. 有些名词复数
12、形式作为一个整体，(如度量，距离，金额，时间，书名等）其谓语动词用单数。Two weeks _(be ) not enough to finish the work . 1000 dollars _ (be ) a large amount of money. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 8.某些集体名词，如family ,team 等做主语时，若当一个整体看，谓语动词就用单数，若就其中一个一个成员来看，谓语
13、动词就用复数，class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也类似His family _(be) a happy family. The whole family _(be) having lunch. The population of China _(be)very large. All the world _(be) waiting for the good news. 9. 成双成对构成的东西， 如 glasses, shoes, chop
14、sticks, scissors等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式， 但与 a pair一起构成作主语时，谓语动词用单数。10each , every+名词， 谓语用单数。Each boy and girl _(want) to serve the people in the future.11. 几分之几 /百分之几 +of +名词单数 / 复数 + 谓语单数 / 复数Three-fifths of money _ (have) been used up. Two thirds of the students _ (be) girl students. 12. one of +复数名词+谓语复数t
15、he only/the very one of + 复数名词+谓语单数He is one of the boys that have passed the maths test. She is the only one of the girls who has finished reading in time. 基础练习1. In his speech, he gave us _ on how to learn a foreign language. A. some advice B. some advices C. several advices D. an advice 2. Thank
16、you very much for giving us _ on this matter. A. these informations B. so many informations C. an information D. so much information 3. -Where did you have your supper? - _. A. With my sister B. At my sister C. At my sister home D. At my sister s 4. She is from _. She is _. A. Germany; a Germany B.
17、German; a Germany C. the Germany; German D. Germany; a German 5. He bought a _ of trousers. They were expensive. A. piece B. set C. pair D. pile 6. The town is about _ ride from here. You ought to start right away. A. two hour B. two hour s C. two hoursD. two-hours 7. A _ of money has been spent on
18、the building. A. great deal B. good many C. plenty D. great number 8. _ been made in science since then. A. A great progress has B. Great progresses have C. Great progress has D. Many progresses have 9. We must help _. A. a blind B. the blind C. people D. the people blind 10. The great writer and so
19、lider _. A. is an old man B. are both old men C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese 11. At present, Zhang s family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was 12. This is not my dictionary. It is _. A. Mary B. Mary s C. of Mary D. the book of Mary 13. There a
20、re twenty _and forty nurses in the hospital. A. women doctors B. woman doctors C. women doctor D. woman doctor 14. _ came to our school yesterday. A. The Williams B. The William s C. Williams D. The William 15. Twenty miles _ a long way to walk. A. are B. is C. has been D. be 提高练习1. The whole class
21、_ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had C. were D. was 2. The glasses _ mine. That pair of glasses _ my brother s.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 3. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln. A. have known B. knows C. is known D. are known 4. Half of the visitors _ from Europe.
22、 Half of the fruit _ bad. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are 5. Each of the footballers _ over 150 pounds. A. weigh B. weighs C. weights D. were weighing 6. The singer and pianist _ asked to make a speech at the meeting yesterday. A. is B. was C. are D. were 7. Stories of the Long March _ p
23、opular with the young people now. A. is B. was C. are D. were 8. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up. A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them 9. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium. A. is cleaning B. are cleaning C. were cleaning D. ha
24、ve cleaned 10. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _good painters. A. are.are B. am.areC. is.is D. are.is 11. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 12. More
25、than 60 percent of worlds radio programs _ in English. A. is B. was C. are D. be 13. The wounded _ good care of here now. A. is taking B. are taking C. are being taken D. is taken 14.One sixth of our classmates _ from peasant families. One fifth of her time _ devoted to writing. A. comes; is B. come
26、; are C. come; is D. comes; are 15. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China, which _ known to us all. A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is 16. A woman with two children _ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, _ moved to Paris. A.
27、is; has B. is; have C. are; have D. are; has 17. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday. A. was B. were C. have been D. would be 18. Many people say 10,000 _ a lot of money. A. dollar is B. dollars are C. dollars is D. dollar are 19. The number of the people who _
28、 cars _ increasing. A . own .are B. own is C. owns is D. owns are20. He is one of the boys who _ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who _ never late for school. A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - -
29、- 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 一、基础练习1、There are only twelve _in the hospital. A. woman doctorsB.women doctors C.women doctorD.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school. A.brothers-in-lawB.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-lawsD.brothers-in law 3、 How many _ does a cow ha
30、ve Four. A.stomaches B.stomachC.stomachsD.stomachies 4、Some_visited our school last Wednesday. A.GermanB.GermenC.GermansD.Germens 5、The_ of the building are covered with lots of .A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leafD.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_ missing. A.she
31、epsB.sheepesC.sheepD.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_ engine. A.horse powerB.horses power C.horse powersD.horses powers 8、My father often gives me _ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a _while she was washing up. A.tea cupB.a cup of tea C.tea s cupD.cup teas 10、Ca
32、n you give us some _ about the writer? A.informationsB.information C.piece of informationsD.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _and two pieces of_ this morning. A.teas; breadB.teas; breads C.tea; breadsD.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, _ travels much faster than _.A.lights; soundsB.light; sou
33、nd C.sound; lightD.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her _ and _A.hope; fearB.hopes; fear C.hopes; fearsD.hope; fears 14、The rising _have(has) a lot of _to the crops. A.water; harmB.water; harms C.waters; harmD.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”-About _ . A. half an h
34、our” s driveB.half hours drives C.half an hour drivesD.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn” t mine. It” s _ .A.Mrs SmithB.Mrs” SmithC.Mrs SmithsD.Mrs Smith”s17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _. A. Mary s motherB.Mary s mothers C.Mary mothersD.Mary s mothers18、Last week I called at my _Last week I calle
35、d at my _. A.auntB.auntsC.aunt sD.auntes 19、The beach is a _throw. A.stoneB.stonesC.stones D.stone s20、I can hardly imagine _sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A.PetersB.PeterC.PetersD.Peter s二、提高练习1. It won” t make much _ whether you agree or not.A. difficulty B. trouble C. difference
36、D. matter 2. No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _ of how life began. A. cause B. problem C. reason D. puzzle 3. You must get there within an hour. There should be no _ in sending this information to him. A. question B. problem C. quarre D. delay 4. I can” t give you the card without Smith” s
37、 _.A. agreement B. allowing C. permission D. perfomance 5. What impressed me most was that they never lost _. A. hearts B. heart C. their heart D. their hearts 6. Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any _ of what I said. A. remark B. observationC. attention D. notice 7. I went to buy a _
38、 of China Daily. A. piece B. sheet C. lot D. copy 8. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _. A. intention B. purpose C. attempt D. Desire 9. There are usually at least two _ of looking at every question. A. means B. directions
39、 C. views D. Ways 10. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _. A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed 11. She is young for the job, but on the other _, she is well trained. A. way B. situation C. chance D. hand 12. The most important_ of his speech was that we should all work whole
40、-heartedly for the people. A. point B. sense C. spot D. view 13. - I ” d like _ _ information about the management of your hotel, please. - Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a 14. He told me he had been offered a very well-
41、paid _. A. business B. service C. work D. position 15. Each player must obey _, who is the leader of the team. A. captain B. a captainC. the captain D. captains 16. It was _ that he had to ask for help. A. such big a work B. a so big job C. a so big work D. such a big job 17. He dropped the _ and br
42、oke it. A. cup of coffee B. coffee” s cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup 18. What _! Where did you get them? A. big fish B. a big fish C. a piece of big fish D. big a fish 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 19. He left _ with
43、my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would keep _. A. words; his words B. word; his word C. word; word D. the word; his words 20. The new law will come into _ on the day it is passed. A. effect B. use C. service D. existence 参考答案：一、1、B、A 3、Cstoma（胃）虽是 “ ch”结尾，但其发音为k ，所以
44、加 “ s”，不用加 “ es”。4、C、AAroof, chief, gu, belief 等词的复数形式，直接加“s”。6、C、AA 名词作定语一般不用复数。8、 B 9、A根据句意，打破的应是杯子，而不是茶；名词作定语表类别不用加“ s”。10、B、D、 B、C、C、A 16、D根据上句，此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫。17、D、 C、 DDa sto” s throw是固定短语，意为“ 近在咫尺 ” 。20、B此句中 Peter 作动名词sailing 的所有格，本应用Peter ”s，但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用宾格，因此B 为正确答案。二、 120: CADCBDDCDCDAADCDDABA 2140: BBCDABBBADACDCBDAB 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -