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1、第 1 页 共 9 页广广 西西 民民 族族 大大 学学20182018 年年全国全国硕士研究生硕士研究生招生招生考试初试自命题科目试题考试初试自命题科目试题试卷代号：A 卷科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语考生须知考生须知1答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。2答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。3交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证） 。否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。Part I. Basic English Knowledge (30%)Section A: Multiple-choice (20 %)Directions:
2、 There are forty multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to eachquestion. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.Her work in genetics won United States scientist Barbara McClintock - - in 1983.A. was the Nobel PrizeB. the Nobel Prize wasC. the Nobel PrizeD. for the Nobel
3、Prize.2.You can count how many students passed an exam, but psychological and emotional feelings cannot be_ measured.A. preciselyB. preciseC. preciouslyD. precious3.Unemployment has come down slightly, but this does not _ the fact that it is still a major problem.A. alertB. alterC. alarmD. altar4.Th
4、e man breathed a sign of _ when he was told that everything had arrived in good condition.A. receiveB. relieveC. reliefD. release5. Artificial light _ the respiratory activity of some microorganisms in the winter but not in thesummer, in part because in the summer their respiration is already at its
5、 peak and thus cannot be _.A. stimulates lessenedB. elevates quickenedC. reflects. .expandedD. enhances increased第 2 页 共 9 页6. Because they have been so dazzled by the calendars and the knowledge of astronomy possessed by theMayan civilization, some anthropologists have_ achievements like the sophis
6、ticated carved calendarsticks of the Winnebago people.A. describedB. acknowledgedC. overlookedD, defended7. Even those siblings whose childhood was_ familial feuding and intense rivalry for their parentsaffection can nevertheless develop congenial and even _relationships with each other in their adu
7、ltlives.A, scarred by. .vitriolicB, filled with tolerantC, dominated by intimateD, replete with. .competitive8. Working for 10 hours per week or less seemingly does not take a consistent _ on schoolperformance.A. toolB. tollC. tollerD. tollen9. He said he wished to _ in the army during the last thre
8、e years.A. be servedB.be servingC. serveD. have been serving10. _ much you may dislike it, junk mail comes to most of you anyway.A. WhateverB. WhicheverC.WheneverD. However11. The increased use of computers in business has been_ by a costly increase in computer crime.A. accompaniedB. disappointedC.
9、matchedD. witnessed12.Many animals display_instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.A. cerebralB. imperiousC. ruefulD. maternal13.Because of its importance in modern living, _in all parts of theworld.A. in schools and colleges are algebra studiesB. studying algebra in schools and
10、collegesC. and the study of algebra in schools and collegesD. algebra is studied in schools and colleges14._touching in O Henrys stories is the gallantry with which ordinary people struggle to maintaintheir dignity.A. Most isB. Is mostlyC. Is it mostD. What is most15. At the Seventh International Ba
11、llet Competition, Femando Bujones won the first gold medal第 3 页 共 9 页ever_to a United States male dancer.Ato be awardedBto awardCthat awardsDshould be awarding16. I was awfully tired when I got home from work, but a half hour nap _me.A. relievedB. releasedC. revivedD. recovered17. The new technologi
12、cal revolution in American newspapers has brought increased_a wider rangeof publications and an expansion of newspaper job.A. reproductionB. circulationC. manipulationD. penetration18. Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magneticproperties of pottery
13、and fireplaces at sites _by early humans.A. occupiedB. occupyingC. whichD. were occupied19. The story that follows_ two famous characters of the Rocky Mountain gold rush days.A. concernsB. statesC. proclaimsD. relates20. There is a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors th
14、at chief attention_to the undertaking that is expected to bring highest profit.A. is givenB. givesC. must be givenD. be givenSection B:Proofreading and Error Correction (10 %)Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum ofONE error. In each case, only
15、ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Dinosaurs, saber-tooth tigers and the dodo bird are famous examples(21) _of animals that have become extinct. In case of the dinosaurs, it(22)seems likely that a catastrophic event alt
16、ers the global climate(23)enough to lead to their disappearance. More recent extinctionsand near-extinctionssuch as the blue whales, tiger, panda, and(24)North American bisonhave been the direct result of human activity.By the early 1990s, species were becoming extinct at a rate of threeper hour, or
17、 27,000 every day a figure quoted by the Americanbiologist Edward O.Wilson of Harvard University, based on hismost conservative estimates. This rate of extinctions carries withit some terrible consequences. Each plant that becomes extinct,for example, may take with it as much as 30 insects and anima
18、ls(25)that depend on it for food. Habitat loss is one of the most important第 4 页 共 9 页causes of extinction. For rising populations in many countries(26)lead to the clearing of more land, habitats such as raining forest(27)and grasslands disappear.In the East Africa, once renowned for its wildlife, f
19、ew wild animals(28)remain living outside the boundaries of national parks and game(29)reserves. In other parts of the world, coastal ecosystems are clearing(30)for development. Wetland areas are drying out as a result of waterextraction to support farming and tourism. Bird species are amongthe worst
20、 affected by the loss of wetlands.Part II.Reading Comprehension (50 %)Section A(30 %)Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decideon the best cho
21、ice and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era.Poetry specialized, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-bornTed Hughes, first published in a book
22、 called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anythingwritten by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour.Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughess ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters,pigs. These animals w
23、ere the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devicessymbols of thecountryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink.It was not only England that thought so either. Hughess book was also published in America, where itwon the Galbraith
24、prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poetwhom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of thatyear, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In1998, the y
25、ear he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a bookof loose-weave poems called “Birthday Letters”. In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters,Hughes returns to the issue of his first wifes death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event
26、”. Hefelt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publishhis own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten.The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself hasthe same rush
27、and vigour that possessed Hughess early poetry. Some books of letters serve as apersonalized historical chronicle. Poets letters are seldom like that, and Hughess are no exception. His areabout a life of literary engagement: almost all of them include some musing on the state or the nature ofwriting
28、, both Hughess own or other peoples. The trajectory of Hughess literary career had him movingfrom obscurity to fame, and then, in the eyes of many, to life-long notoriety. These letters are filled with hiswrestling with the consequences of being the part-private, part-public creature that he became,
29、 desperate todevote himself to his writing, and yet subject to endless invasions of his privacy.第 5 页 共 9 页Hughes is an absorbing and intricate commentator upon his own poetry, even when he is standing backfrom it and good-humouredly condemning himself for “its fantasticalia, its pretticisms and its
30、 infiniteverballifications”. He also believed, from first to last, that poetry had a special place in the education ofchildren. “What kids need”, he wrote in a 1988 letter to the secretary of state for education in theConservative government, “is a headfull sic of songs that are not songs but blocks
31、 of refined and achievedand exemplary language.” When that happens, children have “the guardian angel installed behind thetongue”. Lucky readers, big or small.31The poetry of Hughess forerunners is characteristic of _A. its natural, crude flavor.B. its distorted depiction of peoples daily life.C. it
32、s penetrating sight.D. its fantastical enthusiasm.32.The word “vilified” (Line 4, Paragraph 2)most probably means _.A. torturedB. harassedC. scoldedD. tormented33According to the third paragraph, Hughess collection of letters are _A. the exact reason responsible for both his fame and notoriety.B. pe
33、rsonalized description of his double identity as a public and a private figure.C. reflections of his struggle between his literary devotion and the reality.D. his meditation and exploration on the literary world and the essence of literature.34. From the letters, we may find the cause of Hughess int
34、ernal struggle is _A. his eager and unsatisfied passion for literature.B. that he is a part-private, part-public creature.C. that he is constrained by the fear of his privacy being exposed to the criticism of the public.D. the moral torment exerted by himself.35. By “lucky readers” in the last sente
35、nce, the author means_A. children who are imparted with the beauty and wisdom of poetry.B. children who have a headfull of fantastic and verbally perfect songs.C. children who own blocks of refined and achieved and exemplary language.D. children who are believed to have the guardian angel installed
36、behind the tongue.Passage 2Everyone is interested in whether different foods or nutrients affect our odds of getting diseases likecancer or of developing risk factors for those diseases, such as too much weight or high blood pressure. Butthere are many barriers to studying dietary change, which is w
37、hy we still have no easy answers to thequestion of what, exactly, we should eat to be at our healthiest. Its also why you can be forgiven for oftenfeeling whipsawed by headlines: Is coffee good or bad? What about alcohol, garlic, or chocolate?This week researchers reported in the Journal of the Amer
38、ican Medical Association that breast cancersurvivors who cram their diets with fruits and vegetables are no more likely to escape a recurrence thanwomen who stick to the usual five-a-day recommendation. Does that mean fruits and vegetables dontprotect against cancer? Nojust that in this specific gro
39、up of women with breast cancer, the extra greensand additional apples didnt seem to help.第 6 页 共 9 页We asked researchers to explain why studies involving dietary changes are so hard to doand whatconsumers should keep in mind when they read about them. Heres what the experts said:Most diet studies ta
40、ke place in the real world. That means study subjects are keeping diaries of whatthey eat as they go rather than having their intake strictly controlled by someone else. You can give themmeal advice, counseling, and how-to books up to their ears, but at the end of the day, they are on their ownwhen
41、it comes to what they put in their mouths. Its easier to get people to add somethinglike garlic, inthe form of tasty sandwich spreads, or dark chocolatethan to take something away; no wonder a recentstudy comparing low-fat and low-carb diet plans found that almost no one was sticking to them by the
42、end.In studies focusing on diet, including the recent study on breast cancer recurrence, the amount ofcalories subjects reported eating would have caused them to lose far more weight than they actually didlose. The misreporting isnt necessarily vicious, but the inaccuracies add up. Say youre phoned
43、about yourdaily intake on a day when it was someones birthday at work and you had a slice of cake. You may notreport it, thinking that a typical day wouldnt include the cake.forgetting yesterdays special occasionpiece of pizza, and the Big Gulp of the day before. Or, despite the portion size guides
44、you get, youcharacterize your bagel from the deli as a 4-ounce standard serving when a 4-ounce bagel hasnt beensighted in any major city for a decade.You cant put a camera in everyones belly and see exactly what they ate, says Christopher Gardner, anutrition scientist at the Stanford Prevention Rese
45、arch Center who has recently published research on garlicand diet plans. You can get around this in some studies by taking objective measurements. Weight, forexample, or if youre assessing intake of fruits and veggies, you can measure the level of pigments calledcarotenoids in the blood. In the brea
46、st cancer study, blood tests showed that the study subjects actually dideat more fruits and veggies (carotenoid concentration was 73 percent higher in those women after one yearand 43 percent higher after four years). But objective measures cant definitively nail down whethersomeone is eating nutrie
47、nts in certain proportions.36. One can be forgiven for feeling whipsawed by feeling whipsawed by those headlines because_A. there is no solid and convincing scientific hypothesis on these subjects.B. they question about what the healthiest food is has no answers.C. opinions on these subjects are qui
48、te contradictory.D. there is no authoritative answer to these questions.37.Which one of the following statements is TURE of the conclusion of the study on breast cancerrecurrence ?A. Women who stick to the five-a-day recommendation are less likely to have a recurrence.B. Women who eat extra greens a
49、nd vegetables are less likely to escape a recurrence.C. Women could not depend on fruit diet to avoid the breast cancer recurrence.D. Fruits and vegetables are no good to women with breast cancer.38.From the results of the studies focusing on diet, it can be inferred that_A. the amount of calories s
50、et in diet could not help people to lose weight.B. people are reluctant to take part in such studies.C. it is difficult to get valuable conclusion from these studies.D. this kind of studies is not objective enough.第 7 页 共 9 页39.The fact that a 4-ounce bagel hasnt been sighted in any major city for a