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1、备战2016中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟专题15 阅读理解解读考点阅读题型探究中考英语的完型阅读题型是英语考试中最重要的部分，占了考试内容的大部分内容，也是学生得分的重要内容。要想得到高分，必须审清题干；根据语境，联系上下文，抓住主旨句、根据细节分析。直击考点中考英语阅读理解分类解读一、 人物故事类【命题趋势】人物故事以记述人物生平故事为主。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。【应试对策】人物故事类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物，短语
2、往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时很直接，理解字面意思即可，有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。那么，怎样准确理解细节呢？首先，从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。二、社会文化类【命题趋势】语言是社会文化的重要载体。学习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，增强对外国文化，特别是英语国家文化的了解”。因此，社会文化类试题出现在高考试卷中是必然的。社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势：1.以中西文化差异作为选
3、材的重点。如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。2.一般一篇文章一个主题。以议论文、记叙文居多。3.命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节，时有推断。【应试对策】对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程，在复习时要注意：1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。在复习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。对于普通中学毕业生来说，应具备20003500的词汇量，并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。2.扩展文化背景知识，认真研读历届高考题。从近五年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越
4、来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。同时，要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验，适应选材特点，熟悉题材和体裁。了解设问形式，感悟设问特点。3.广泛涉猎，丰富消遣阅读。三、逸闻趣事类：【命题趋势】逸闻趣事以日常生活中的事情入手，描述一些鲜为人知的事。幽默故事是其主要内容。选材多来源于日常生活，给人似曾相识之感，但随着故事的发展、展开、结束，给人以意外的感觉。逸闻趣事类文章有以下趋势：1.特点：文章简短，描述一个片断。2.命题：多考查对事件的发生、发展和结局进行合理的推断。3.选材
5、：描述“另类”，标新立异。【应试对策】1.阅读这种文章，应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。2.若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。它们是我们读懂趣闻逸事所必需的。3.若是幽默故事，应体会风趣的对话、特别的动作，它们是幽默的精髓。四、史地常识类【命题趋势】英语是我们认识世界，了解世界的工具。史地常识类文章通常介绍异域风光，历史事件，进一步扩大我们的视野和对其他国家，尤其是对英语国家的了解。因此史地常识类文章经常出现在高考阅读理解中，其趋势是：1.选材：英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件，历史年代
6、。2.命题：以细节题为主，有一定主观推断题。3.知识：涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。【应试对策】史地常识类文章多以细节题为主，着重考查理解文中具体信息的能力。细节题一般分为以下几类:1.排序题：根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子间的逻辑关系，找出事件正确顺序。一般采用“首尾定位法”来做题。即先出第一个和最后一个事件，缩小范围，得出答案。2.图文转换题：根据短文描写找出相应图形或根据图形找出答案。一般采用“文史锁定法”，(找出文字，按“文”定“图”)或“图形标示法”。(在图中标出内容，以便理解)3.数字换算题：根据数据，找出换算关系，计算并得出答案。4.表格理解题：看懂行和列分别代表的意义，正确理解，
7、作出选择。5.同义转换题。6.代词指代题：理清人物、事件间的逻辑关系，使人物、事件更加条理化，简明化。五. 科普知识类【命题趋势】这种题材的文章大部分是介绍科技前沿、科学动态、新的发明创造、科研方法、生态环保或是对某一个问题的来龙去脉和解决方法等加以介绍。作者的目的就是让读者获得知识、信息，对说明对象有所了解，并获得某些方面的启示。其特点如下：1. 文章中会牵涉到实验、研究者、研究方法、在某项主题上的不同意见和争鸣，有时会出现读者还不熟悉的前沿性的科学题材，但作者一般持客观的态度，不显示自己的褒贬之意；2. 此类文章为了做到通俗易懂，在语言上尽量避免使用专业性词汇，对于动词，做到这一点较容易，
8、但是有些专有名词则无法避免，不过，作者通常会对较难的专有名词进行解释，甚至举例说明，这往往也是出题的地方；3. 在语法上，此类文章长句使用较多，主从复合句、同位语、插入语、非谓语动词形式和被动语态使用率较高；4. 此类文章语篇模式一般比较固定、整齐，主题句通常位于段首，多使用平行结构。【应试对策】针对科普文章的这些特点，阅读这类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、种属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结
9、果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。2年中考2014年题组1【2014年辽宁省沈阳市中考】阅读短文,然后根据其内容从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。Onaspringnight,weofferbookloversadeskandalight.Youcanstayhereaslongasyouwantto.Thisistheslogan(宣传语)ofSanlianTaofenBookstoreinBeijing. Earlierthismonth,SanlianTaofenBookstorebecameth
10、efirst24-hourbookstoreinthecity.Ithopestoencouragemorepeopletoreadbooks. Bookstoresarethebrainofacity.Althoughmanypeoplecannowbuybooksonline,manyreadersstilllikethefeelinginbookstores.Theycantouchthebooksandsmelltheprint. InChina,mostcitiesarehometoatleastonebookstore.Somehavespecialthemes(主题).Popul
11、arHoldings(大众书局)inShanghaiisafilm-themedbookstore.Therearefilmbooksandposters(海报)inside.Otherbookstoreshavecolorfulactivities. EsliteBookstore(诚品书店)inTaiwanhasactivitiesliketalkswithfamouswritersaswellasholdinggalleryshows(画展).Peoplecomeherenotonlyforreadingbutalsotocommunicatewithothers.Thebesttitl
12、e(标题)toexplainthemainideaofthetextis_. A.BuyingBooksinBookstoresB.WarmPlacesforReading C.ANewBookstoreinChinaD.GreatBookstoresOnlineWhatsspecialaboutSanlianTaofenBookstoreinBeijing? A.Itallowsreaderstostaythereonlyatnight. B.Itoffersreadersadeskandalight. C.Itisthefirst24-hourbookstoreinthecity. D.I
13、thopesbookloverswillreadthere.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribepeoplesfeelinginbookstores? A.Becomingthebrainofthecity. B.Touchingthebooksandsmellingtheprint. C.Stayinginsideaslongaspossible. D.BuyingbooksonlinewithenjoymentPopularHoldingsinShanghaiisoneofthebookstoreswith_. A.asmallgalleryB.colour
14、ful activitiesC.aspecialsloganD.a special themePeoplecometoEsliteBookstoreinTaiwanfor . A.readingandcommunicatingB.buyingfilmbooksandposters C.encouragingthemselvestoreadD.gettingreadytobefamouswriters2. 【2014年辽宁省沈阳市中考】阅读短文,然后根据其内容从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。SouthofFlorida,manyislandsdot(点缀着)theocean.Oneofthemi
15、sHispaniola.ItsnamepointstothefactthatChristopherColumbusvisitedtheislandin1492.Asaresult,Spainruledtheislandforthenext300years.Twonationsnowsharetheisland.Haitimakesup(占据)thewesternthird.TheDominicanRepublicmakesuptheeasterntwo-thirds. TheDominicanRepublicsareaisabout18,000squaremileswiththepopulat
16、ionof8million.Mostpeopleliveclosetotheislandscoast.Likemanyothertropical(热带的)islands,theDominicanRepublicregardstourismasakeyindustry.Thecoastalcities,especially,dependontouriststofilltheirhotelsandrestaurants.ThenaturalbeautyofthebeachesandoftheforestsdrawDominicansandtouristsalike. Whenyourereadyf
17、orsomethingelse,walkintotown.Music,dancing,andpeopleinColourfulmasks(面具)willgreetyouatnearlyeverystreetcorner.Whetheryougotojointhemorgetawayfromthem,therewillbeaplaceforyouintheDominicanRepublic.WhichofthefollowingmapsshowstherightpositionofHispaniola,HaitiandtheDominicanRepublic?WhathappenedtoHisp
18、aniola after Christopher Columbusvisitedtherein1492? A.Spainruledtheislandfor300years. B.Twonationssharedtheisland. C.TheDominicanRepublicjoinedtheisland D.ThenameofHaitibegantouse.TheDominicanRepublicisfamousfor A.hotelsB.restaurantsC.tourismD.forests来源:Thelastparagraph(段落)seemstotellusthatpeoplein
19、theDominicanRepublicare_. A.colourfulB.friendlyC.busyD.braveThereadingaboveisprobablytakenfrom_. A.asciencebookB.astorybookC.ageographybookD.apicturebook3. 【2014年湖南省娄底市中考】第一节判断正误 阅读下面短文，判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合的写（A），不符合的写(B)。（共5小题，计10分） Taobao, Chinas largest online shopping site(网上购物网站), has become an imp
20、ortant part of Huang Xinhuis life. She spends lots of money on Taobao. A large number of Chinese Internet users like Huang have found the joys of online shopping. Most online shoppers are students and young workers. More women shop on line than men. Clothing and household products(家用产品) are the most
21、 popular on line. It was reported that more than 300 billion(十亿) yuan was spent on online shopping last year, 80% through Taobao. Taobao means “looking for treasure” in Chinese. People can find almost everything they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to DVD players.You may question
22、 the security(安全) of online shopping, Huang Xinhui said, “ Its very safe and convenient(便利的). If you dont receive the products from the sellers or you are not satisfied with them, the shop owner will not get the money. You can also get your money back if you want to return the products.”Chinas large
23、st online shopping site is Taobao.Most online popular products are clothing and household ones.300 billion yuan was spent on online shopping last year through Taobao.People can only find three kinds of things on Taobao.If you are not satisfied with the products, you can return them. 2015年题组1. 【2015年
24、安徽省初中毕业学业考试英语试题】阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 Do you sleep well? If your answer is no, the following might help you.Set a certain bedtime and rising time A certain bedtime and rising time can help you build up your body clocks. Set a bedtime which is good and natural for
25、 you. Dont change your bedtime and rising time on weekends.Avoid exciting activities just before sleeping Exciting activities get your thoughts running. At the same time, if you make tomorrows plan or read an exciting story before turning off the light, it doesnt give you enough time to relax before
26、 you try to sleep.Keep the bedroom for sleeping only Its a bad habit for you to use your bedroom as a place to eat, watch TV, read, talk on the phone, or discuss important matters with your family members. Break that habit to get better sleep.Dont go to bed too earlyYour body usually lets you sleep
27、only the number of hours it needs. You should decide how many hours you must sleep in order not to experience daytime sleepiness.Take a warm shower before your bedtimeA twenty-minute warm shower at a temperature of about 45 50 not only is a great relax at days end, but also raises your body temperat
28、ure by several degrees. The coming drop in temperature of your body will naturally make you feel sleepy.80. If you want to build up your body clocks, you should _. A. set a certain bedtime and rising timeB. go to bed neither too early nor too late C. keep the bedroom for sleeping onlyD. take a warm
29、shower before sleeping81. Why should you avoid exciting activities just before sleeping? A. Because they will get your thoughts running B. Because you have to make tomorrows paln C. Because you should read an exciting story D. Because you will have to turn off the light.82. Your bedroom should be ke
30、pt for _ only. A. talkingB. eatingC. readingD. sleeping83. According to the passage, _ will make you feel sleepy. A. taking a cold showerB. your body temperature dropping C. your daily experience D. raising your body temperature2【广东省2015年中考英语试题】It is reported that some developed counties have shippe
31、d broken parts of computes to China.Such a thing can be founded every day although it is against international laws. Last month Hong Kong officers found 131,000 kilograms of broken computers, TVs and phones send from Japan. Things like these are called electronic waste, or e-waste. Dealing with is n
32、ot an easy job because dangerous poison like mercury(汞)and lead (铅)can be found in them. Every time an old computer breaks down, it needs to be deal with safely. But at present, broken computer parts are usually buried. It may be hundreds of years before they are really goes in the earth. Many place
33、s in China are polluted by e-waste. Guiyu in Guangdong province is one of them. This town is named as”the e-waste capital of the world”. It has to deal with 1.5mllion kilograms of e-waste each year, from which it makes 75 million years. But it comes at a cost. Many of the poison in e-waste find thei
34、r way into the environment. Plastic is burned outdoors and chemical water is poured into rivers, Greenpeace, an environmental group, has found the air, the earth and the rivers in Guiyu badly polluted. The Chinese government wants the country to develop, but in a way that doesn;t do harm to the envi
35、ronment and peoples life. This year,China presents a new protection law, the strictest one we have ever had. Computer complies like Lenovo and Dell will be asked to take back their old computers. This is because the complies that make computers know best to deal with them safely. Hopefully, the prob
36、lem with e-waste will be solved in near future. 61. The e-waste found in Hong Kong last month was from_. A.France B.Japan C.Germany D. Australia 62. The underlined word buried probably means _in the passage. A.焚烧 B.障碍 C.回收 D.掩埋 63. The town of Guiya in Guangdong Province_. A.is the e-capital of the
37、world B.has serious e-waste pollution C. Deals with e-waste safely D.speeds much money on e-waste 64. This year,the Chinese government_. A.tried to change peoples life B.closed some computer complies C.make a new environment protection law D.asked people to hand in their old computers 65. The passag
38、e is mainly about_. A.the way in deal with e-waste B.the cost of burning e-waste C.the e-waste problem in China D.the need to pass a law against e-waste3. 【2015年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。It was Christmas Eve. When everyone went to bed, Bunny couldnt fall asleep. He s
39、till couldnt think of what he wanted as a special Christmas present. He wondered how Santa Father Christmas would know what to bring him if he didnt know himself.从第一自然段可知，他还在想着他可以得到什么圣诞礼物。他想知道如果圣诞老人不认识他又怎样知道他要什么礼物。As he was sitting up in bed, Bunny heard a big noise on the roof(屋顶) and a sound downs
40、tairs. It was Santa Claus, he realized. Bunny jumped out of bed and ran down the hall to the stairs. He hoped to take a look at the old man before Santa left for his next stop.By the time Bunny was at the bottom of the stairs, everything was silent again. Lots of presents were put under the Christma
41、s tree, but Santa was gone. A little disappointed(失望的), Bunny turned to climb back upstairs when he heard a cry.“Hello,” said Bunny. “Is somebody there?”He was answered by another cry. Bunny looked around the big pile of presents to see what was making the noise. Right under the tree was a funny loo
42、king brown animal with big feet and sad eyes. It also had antlers(鹿角) on its head. Bunny almost mistook it for a dog. “Are you a reindeer?” asked Bunny.“Yes,” replied the brown animal with antlers. “My name is Ralph.”“And you were pulling Santas sled(雪橇)?”“I was until I got air-sick,” replied Ralph.
43、 “Santa had to leave me here and go on with the other seven reindeer.”“Isnt it a bit unusual for a reindeer to get air-sick? I mean, isnt flying what reindeer are famous for?”“Not me, Im afraid. It makes me scared. I always feel sick when it comes to flying,” replied Ralph. “But everyone wanted me t
44、o pull Santas sled, so when it was my turn I gave it a try. Im afraid I just wasnt cut out for the job. Now Im stuck here and I dont know how to get back to the North Pole.”“Well, if you like, you can stay with us as a friend,” said Bunny. As he made the offer, Bunny suddenly realized the special pr
45、esent he wanted from Santa was a new friend!33.Why couldnt Bunny fall asleep on Christmas Eve?A. He wanted to take a close look at Santa Claus. B. He was waiting for his special present from his father.C. He was thinking about what present to get from Santa.D. He was woken up by a noise on the roof of his house.34.The un