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1、名词性从句1 名词性从句知识点汇总在句中起名词作用从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词短语，在复合句中能担当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的引导词可分为3 类：从属连词：只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。包括：that,whether,if,as if,as though连接代词：既起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。包括：who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whatever,whichever,whomever.连接副词：既起连接作用，本身又
2、作从句的状语。包括:when, where,how,whys一、主语从句可以直接放在句首，也可以用形式主语it 代替，将主语从句放在句末。1.that 引导的主语从句that 引导主语从句时只起连接作用，没有实际意义，也不在从句中作任何成分，但不能省略。That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.2.whether,if 引导主语从句whether ：引导主语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，只起连接作用，不作成分if：引导主语从句只能放在句末，前面用it 作形式主语。whether you can succeed or not d
3、epends on how hard you work at it.It is unknown whether/if he has agreed to my plan.3.连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。连接副词在从句中作状语。What they need are a car and some water.Why they suddenly disappointed still remains a mystery.4.it 作形式主语的主语从句1) It+be+adj./n./ 过去分词 +that 从句It has been predicted tha
4、t mobile phones might soon replace our wallets.2) It+seem(ed)/happen(ed) 等不及物动词及短语+that 从句It seemed that each of them was satisfied with the results.3) It doesn t matter+how/whetherIt doesn t matter whether he will join the club or not.4) that 引导主语从句出现在疑问句中，用it 作形式主语，把主语从句后置Is it likely that your fr
5、iend will come this evening?5) 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it 作形式主语，而把主语从句后置What a pity it is that you missed a wonderful football match!二、宾语从句1.动词接宾语从句1)宾语从句紧跟在及物动词后：She wondered who had sent the flowers.2)常用 it 作形式宾语：He had made it clear that the meeting not be postponed.(有宾补的情况下)2.介词接宾语从句1)介词后面可以跟whether 和 w
6、h-类连接词引导的宾语从句He only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information.2)介词 except,but,besides,in 后有时可以直接接that 引导的宾语从句。除这些之外，that 引导的从句一般不精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页名词性从句2直接作介词的宾语。其他介词后接that 从句作宾语时，必须用it 作形式宾语。I didn t tell him anything except that I needed t
7、he money.You may depend on it that I should always help you.3.系表结构接宾语从句Sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等表示情感的形容词与be 一起构成系表结构，其后的从句也可视为宾语从句。I m confident that you will get the job.I m glad that you can come here on time.4.只用 whether 不用 if 的情况1)在介词后引导宾语从句：Everything dep
8、end on whether you agree with us.2)宾语从句置于句首:Whether they like the presents, we don t know.3)与 or not 连用时： I want to know whether or not the train goes to King street.4)与不定式连用时: I can t decided whether to stay.5)在动词 discuss, wonder, doubt, leave, put 后引导宾语从句:We discussed whether we should close the s
9、hop.5.宾语从句中不能省略that 的情况1)宾语从句前有插入语：We hope,on the contrary,that he will stay at home with us.2)宾语从句紧跟在间接宾语之后时，或主语状语置于宾语从句之前时He told me that he was leaving for Australia.I realized at once that I hadn t turn off the gas.3)当 it 作形式宾语，后接that 引导的宾语从句时I don t think it polite that they left without saying
10、 thanks to us.4)that 引导的从句位于句首That our team will win,I believe.5)宾语从句在except,but,besides,in 等介词之后He also likes playing the piano besides that he is good at playing basketball.6)that 引导的从句与其他引导词引导的从句作并列宾语I know where we will go and that we ll be back in three days.7)多个并列的that 引导的宾语从句，只有第一个that 可以省略8)
11、宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句The doctor said that taking exercise was the best way of losing weight.9)宾语从句的主语是this,that 或有 this,that 修饰时She told me that that was why she was late.10)宾语从句为主从复合句，从句位于宾语从句的前部I promised that if anyone came to set me free,I would make him king over the earth.三、表语从句表语从句位于主句的连系动词be,seem
12、,look,sound,taste,feel,remain,appear等之后。1.that,whether 引导的表语从句只起连接作用，不作成分，that 无词义，不能省略。Whether 意为是否，不能换成if。One problem is that I don t look any different from other people.2.as if,as though, because1)as if,as though引导的表语从句，可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。常跟在特定动词后面，如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel 等。You look as if
13、 you ve had a good time.He looks as if he were from the Mars.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 4 页名词性从句3 2)because 引导表语从句时，主句的主语不能用reason。如果主句的主语是reason，表语从句用that，不能用 why 或 because。常见句型为The reason(why).is that.3)wh-类连接词引导的表语从句，通常不含有意义，而是分别表示具体地点、时间、原因和方式等。This is why I think my ha
14、ppiest days will be in the future.4)表语从句用虚拟语气的情况：主句的主语是advice, demand, order, suggestion, requirement, request, command 等时，表语从句用虚拟语气，结构是(should)+ 动词原形。His suggestion is that we (should) set off at once.四、同位语从句往 往 用 来 说 明 某 些 名 词 的 实 际 内 容 或 对 该 名 词 作 进 一 步 解 释 。 这 类 名 词 常 见 的 有 ：fact,news,idea,truth
15、,hope,problem,information,wish,suggestion,conclusion等。1.that 引导同位语从句：通常从句意义完整，that 无词义，只起连接作用，不可省略。I ve got a feeling that one day he ll be famous.2.whether, when, where, why, how等引导同位语从句。whether 意为是否，在句子中不作成分，其他的连接词具有实义，并在句中作成分。If 不能引导同位语从句。The student asked me the question whether the book was wor
16、th reading.I have no idea when we will have a long holiday.3.被分隔的同位语从句：主句的谓语比较短时，同位语从句常被分隔，形成：主语+谓语 +同位语从句The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.4.同位语从句中的虚拟语气：当主语是 advice,proposal,suggestion 等时，要用虚拟语气， (should)+动词原形。The suggestion came from the chairman that
17、the rule (should) be adopted.5.同位语从句和定语从句的区别1)修饰词：同位语从句前被修饰词只能是idea, fact, news, hope 等有一定内涵的名词。定语从句前被修饰词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。2)性质：同位语从句相当于一个名词，对前面的抽象名词进行说明和解释定语从句相当于一个形容词，对先行词进行修饰或限制。3)连接词：有些连接词how,whether,what 可引导同位语从句，不能引导定语从句；而which 能引导定语从句，却不能单独使用引导同位语从句。例如：The question whether we need it has n
18、ot been considered.This is a simple idea,but one which is hard to put into practice.4)成分： that 在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，不能省略，也不能用which 来代替。that 引导定语从句，在从句中一般作主语或宾语，指物时可以用which 来代替，作宾语常被省略。But they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 km from coast to coast.The news that he told us just now is unbelieva
19、ble.五、连接词what 与 that 的区别1.引导名词性从句时，what 在从句中要充当句子成分，意为“的事物/地方 /人” ；that 不作任何成分，只起连接作用，没有实际意义。What the post says is interesting.I heard that he joined the army.2.当名词性从句已有疑问词引导时，不可再加thatI don t understand what you said just now.六、 wh-ever 与 no matter wh -的区别wh-既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh -只能引
20、导让步状语从句。He wouldn t believe whatever I said. Whatever I said,he wouldn t believe me.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 4 页名词性从句4七、连接词whether 和 if 的区别1.在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，一般用whether 不用 if。2.在主语从句中用it 作形式主语时，whether 和 if 都可以用，但在句首时只能用whether 。Whether they will have a picnic tomorrow
21、 isn t know.It isn t certain whether/if you ll attend the meeting.八、 doubt,be sureI doubt whether/if. doubt 用于肯定句，用whether/ifThere s no doubt that. doubt 用于否定句，用thatI m sure that. sure 用于肯定句，用thatI m not sure whether/if. sure 用于否定句，用whether/if课堂练习一、在下列句子空白处填入适当的单词：1.Grandma pointed to the hospital a
22、nd said,” That s_I was born.2.Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah,but I have no idea_he did it;that s one of his favorite university.3._the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.4.From space,the earth looks blue.This is_about seventy -one perc
23、ent of its surface is covered by water.5.Do not let any failure discourage you,for you can never tell_close you may be to victory.6.I made a promise to myself_this year,my first year in high school,would be different.7.Scientists study_human brains work to make computers.8.I m afraid he s more of a
24、talker than a doer,which is_he never finishes anything.9._worries me a lot is that I keep forgetting what I have just done.10.I really don t know_it was that I put my wallet.二、单句改错1.So if they said was true,I would have a chance of winning the prize.2.Word came that free souvenirs would be given to
25、anyone whoever come first.3.The reason why he was late is because he wasn t informed of the change of time.4.The news our team won the match was encouraging.5.I can never understand how Mary said nothing about her wrongs.6.I have been admitted to Beijing University excited me.7.It depends on if we h
26、ave enough money.8.He is a good student except he is a bit care less sometimes.9.He said he was satisfied with his stay here and he would come back again.10.If it is true remains a question.三、单选题1.The best moment for the football star was_he scored the winning goal.A.where B.when C.how D.why2.Pick y
27、ourself up.Courage is doing_you re afraid to do.A.that B.what C.how D.whether3.Some people believe_has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however4.Exactly_the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.A.whether B.why C.when D.how5.What a mess!You are always so lazy! - I m not to blame,mum. I am_you have made me.A.how B.what C.that D.who精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 4 页