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1、Related Conception (相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。The boy is li Ming.主语主语表语表语Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主语主语同位语同位语宾语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当宾语、
2、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句这个句子就叫名词性从句。子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)请判断出下列的句子哪部分是从句请判断出下列的句子哪部分是从句, 并判断属于并判断属于哪种从句哪种从句:1. What I want to do is taking a bath.2. The news tha
3、t they won the game spread the whole school.3. I dont think (that) he is an honest boy.4. The fact is that he stole the car.5. Do you know the fact that he stole the car?6. Do you know the man who is standing over there?7. It is said that they won the game.( (主从主从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (宾从宾从) )( (表从表从
4、) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (定从定从) )( (主从主从) ) She said (that) she is going to learn English. I want to know whether/if she still lives there. I dont know who all these people are. She wants to know which film I like best. Please tell me where she lives. I am not interested in what he is doing. I am certai
5、n that he is at home now. I am afraid he wont come on time. 宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当在句中充当及物动词及物动词, 介词或某些形容词介词或某些形容词宾语的句宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句宾语从句 I dont know （that） you will come here.注意：注意：thatthat在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。但如果从句是或非正式的文体中常常被省去。但如果从句是并列句时并列句时, ,第二个及以后的分句前第二个及以后的分句前thatthat不可
6、省不可省. . We all agreed (that) it would be a mistake not to take his advise. We all think (that) she is working hard and that she will surely go to a good college.我不知道他来不来。我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？他不在乎天气是否好。他不在乎天气是否好。I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to kno
7、w whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.注意：在宾语从句中，表示注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否是否”既可以用既可以用whether,whether,也可以用也可以用if.if.但是，但是，whetherwhether常与常与or notor not连用；作介词宾语只用连用；作介词宾语只用whether; whether; 从句是否定句时从句是否定句时一般用一般用ifif。用合适的连接词填空用合适的连接词填空1. Wa
8、ng Hai told me _ he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon
9、）whywhothathowhow soon宾语从句中的否定转移宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里.I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )注意：如果宾语从句是由注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, think, believe, imagine, supposeimagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。中的否定形式转移到主句中去。我认为他不会对我撒谎的我认为他不会对我撒谎的.I dont think
10、he will lie to me.我认为我们不应该借钱给他我认为我们不应该借钱给他.I dont think we should lend him money.宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语 We think it our duty that we should help others. I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用语时，一般用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾来作形式宾语，把从句放在
11、宾补后面。补后面。thatthat不能省不能省. .believe, consider, feel, find, make, think宾语从句的时态和语序宾语从句的时态和语序1.Could you tell me if it _ tomorrow? A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain 2. The teacher told his students the sun_ in the east. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. risen 宾语从句中谓语用宾语从句中谓语用should do的情况的情况: The gene
12、ral ordered that troops (should) set off at once. He suggested that we (should) all buy dictionaries. I insisted that he (should) apologize to me. 一坚持Insist 二命令order command 三建议advise propose suggest + recommend 四要求ask demand request require 表语从句表语从句在句中充当表语的从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在即放在be动词后面动词后面)叫做表语从句。叫做表语从
13、句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：表语从句表示注意：表语从句表示“是否是否” ” 只用只用“whether” whether” 而不用而不用“if”if” It appears that they are in need of help. It seems that he d
14、oesnt like living here. It turned out that two people had been killed in the accident.1. That house is _ the garden tools are stored.2. The reason I dont want to go there is _ Ive just got a new job here.3. That was _ they had made the mistake.4. Everything in the room is _ it was ten years ago.5. W
15、hat we care about is _ it will be a fine day tomorrow.wherethathowwhatwhether问题是谁能帮我学英语问题是谁能帮我学英语.这就是她不愿意出国留学的原因这就是她不愿意出国留学的原因.那就是我要告诉你的那就是我要告诉你的.The question is who can help me with my English.That is why she is unwilling to study abroad.That is what I will tell you.在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从
16、句。他星期三来这里是肯定的。他星期三来这里是肯定的。 he will come here on Wednesday is certain.他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。 he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.That主语从句主语从句 Whether What he said is not true.Who broke the window has not been found out.How he escaped is still a mystery.Whom she borrowed money from s
17、till puzzled him. Exercise 11. _ she said puzzled him.2. _ she said such a thing puzzled him.3. _ we should send to take part in the party is to be discussed.4. _ they dont want to drop the plan is clear.5. _ he finished the work in so short time remains a question. 6. _ it is going to snow this eve
18、ning is not certain.WhatWhy Whom/whoThatHowWhetherExercise 21. _ (月球上没有生命月球上没有生命) is known to all.2. _ (我在会议上说的我在会议上说的) must be kept secret.3. _ (是否这件事是真的是否这件事是真的) remains a question.4. _ (我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会) is to be discussed.That there is no life on the moon What I said at the meetingWhether it is
19、trueWhen we will have the meeting That he cant attend the party is a pity. It is a pity that he cant attend the party. How much money is needed is hard to say. It is hard to say how much money is needed. That the moon moves around the earth is known to all. It is known to all that the moon moves aro
20、und the earth. it 做形式主语做形式主语 It + be + 形容词形容词 that从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that . 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显It + be + -ed分词分词 that从句从句It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to us/all that . 众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定用用it形式主语的形式主语的that从句有以下四种从句有以下四种不同的搭配：不
21、同的搭配：It + be + 名词名词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是It + 不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that . 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起Exercise 31. It is a wonder _ you werent injured.2. It is still unknown _ and _
22、 this took place.3. It makes no difference to me _ he is rich or poor.4. It is not yet decided _ is to take her place as secretarythatwhenwherewhetherwho同位语从句同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如同位语从句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有等含有丰富内涵的抽象的词语后面，丰富内涵的抽象的
23、词语后面，用来说明前面用来说明前面那个词的具体内容那个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句。一般说来，同位语从句都用都用that来作连接词，而且不能省略来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可。也可用用how, when, where等。等。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that t
24、hey were talking about?注意：注意：1. 1. 如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的同位语从句中的thatthat只起连接作用。只起连接作用。 2. 2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。( (同从同从) )( (定从定从) )Tell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on
25、 time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句1.你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。2.他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？3.据说我们清明节要放三天假。据说我们清明节要放三天假。4. 他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。