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1、辨别下列名词性从句的类别：1.How the book will sell depends on its author.2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently.4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.6.It is im
2、possible that I go and attend the meeting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：连接词：that, whether, if连接代词：连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：连接副词：when, where, how, why1。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，
3、本身也没有词义，本身也没有词义，中可省略中可省略2。不充当介。不充当介3。 引导主语从句、引导主语从句、和同位语从句和同位语从句,that不可省略。不可省略。 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语itit代替，而本身代替，而本身放在句子末尾。放在句子末尾。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：语从句的连接词没有变化。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to
4、 see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则则不然。例如：不然。例如： 1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing. It is right what you said yesterday.It is a good thing that she is still aliv
5、e.WhatThat2. what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词在主句谓语动词 (及物动词及物动词) 或介词之后。或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1) 由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略), 例如：例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know
6、what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语，作介词的宾语，例如：例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）合作）with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语，作形容词的宾语，例如：例如： I am afraid (that) Ive mad
7、e a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.4. it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。中。 例如：例如： We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.5. 否定的转移否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, beli
8、eve, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：_我认为这件衣我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。服不适合你穿。I dont think the dress fits you well 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句主语连系动词表语从句”。可。可以接表语从句的连系动词有以接表语从句的连系动
9、词有be, look, remain, seem等。另等。另外，常用的还有外，常用的还有the reason is that 和和It is because 等结构。等结构。例如：例如：1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is _ we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.4) The reason _ he is late
10、for school is _ he missed the early bus. whether/howwhythatwhythat1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is g
11、iven by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作作某个成分（主语或宾语）某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的，而同位语从句中的tha
12、t是连词，是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（他告诉我的消息是汤姆
13、明年将出国。）（第一（第一个个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，（同位语从句，that在句中不作在句中不作任何成分）任何成分）1. 主语从句主语从句Whether he will come is unknown. 2. 表语从句，如：表语从句，如：The question is whether you should accept it.3. 同位语从句，如：同位语
14、从句，如：The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.4. 从句作介词的宾语，如：从句作介词的宾语，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. 5. 直接跟不定式连用，如：直接跟不定式连用，如：She hasnt decided whether to go or not.用if 或whether 填空1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorr
15、ow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf 同位语从句定语从句that（连词）连词）只起连接的
16、作用,不充当句子成分that(关系代词关系代词) 充当一定的句子成分(主，宾，表）同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，表示这个名词的内容定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，表示“的”。同位语从句的that 一般不能省而定语从句中的关系代词that，当其在从句中做宾语时，常常可以省略that在同位语从句与定语从句的（I）试比较下面两个例句）试比较下面两个例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercis
17、e is very good.（that引导定语从句引导定语从句, 作宾语作宾语, 可以省略）可以省略） （that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,在从句中不担在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）当任何成分，但不可以省略） 辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1.We heard the news that our team had won.2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money.3. The news that he told me yesterday was false.4. I h
18、ave no doubt that he will come soon. 5. The fact is that we have spent all our money.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从同位语从句句表语从句表语从句翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you.4.Thi
19、s is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this activity.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well.10.The problem
20、is whether you can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who your monitor is. 主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句1.what / thata._ he said at the meeting surprised us.b._ he spoke（发言）（发言） at the meeting surprised us.2. if / whet
21、her _you go or stay at home wont make any differences. 3. What a pity _is _you didnt arrive by daylight. A. there, because B. it, that C. he, when D. that, for4.no matter how/who/what/where/when We are ready to do _ the country wants us to do. A. what B. which C. no matter what D. whatever WhatThatW
22、hetherBD1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get everything ready D. we must get e
23、verything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonder _. A. whether or not Ill catch the last bus B. if or not Ill catch the last bus C. that Ill catch the last
24、bus or not D. that Ill catch the last bus5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. such C. it D. that6.I took _ for granted （想当然）（想当然）that they were not coming. A. that B. this C. it D. so7.I heard _ said that he had great concern（关心）（关心） for his classmates. A. and B. that C.
25、 was D. it8.I wish I _ to the football match last night. A. went B. go C. should go D. had gone综合运用：综合运用：1. The earth is round, _ is known to everybody.as/which2. _ is known to everybody, the earth is round.As3. _ the earth is round is known to everybody.That4. _ is known to everybody that the earth is round.It5. Everybody knows _ the earth is round.that6. _ surprised us very much that our teacher left without a word.It7. _ surprised us very much was that our teacher left without a word.What