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1、精品文档精品文档考研写作笔记整理版一写作概述1. 写作题型大作文小作文2.评分原则卷面工整：语言第一：单词语法正确准确多变结构第二：三段乐，多用逻辑代词内容第三：二写作的满分表达一简单句1 被动句我们、人们、很多人、越来越多的人等人称代词做主语都可以改写成被动句。例句：1.parents should be respected by us. Should: ought to be supposed to be obliged to Us：the public private individuals teenagers and youngsters Experts and professor a
2、ll children and adults All men and women 2.superstars should not be pursued blindly by us . Not: never seldom by no means fail to 3.Confidence is taught very important by all children. Children : kids offspring Think: hold argue contend assert claim assume presume insist maintain be of the opinion t
3、hat have been convinced that cling to Very: pretty quite rather distinctly outstandingly remarkably exceedingly especially extraordinary enormously Important : vital essential crucial critical consequence Indispensable significant be of great significance Play an essential role in something /our dai
4、ly life 本句型推荐写在第一段最后一句引出中心。2 there be 句型推荐句型：1.there is strong evidence to show that 2.there is a growing worldwide awareness around the world that 3.there is absolutely no reason for us to believe that a bright future for the world is an impossibility 4.there is little doubt that 5.there are those
5、who claim that 例句：There are many reason to explain the phenomenon. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档Be: look smell taste feel sound became get seem prove appear exist keep remain Many : a sea of a host of a multitude
6、of a army of Immerse amounts of numerous abundant plentiful Causes: factors elements Phenomenon: problem issue current situation Explain : account for lead to give rise to contribute to be responsible for 本句型推荐写在第二段的第一句话，或第三段的最后一句话。3 比较结构1.As as 句型句型： As +adj/adv +as+比较对象例句：1.I keep as beautiful as
7、a red rose ,which can take breath of a sea of people . 2.English is an essential as air and water ,which play a key role in our daily life. 3.Pollution keeps as serious as the cancer ,which can threaten parents health or even take their live away. 本句型推荐写在第一段最后一句，或第三段第一句。2.The more ，the more .句型句型： t
8、he +adj/adv（比较） +句子， the +adj/adv（比 较）+句子. 例句：1.The higher one climbs,the farther he will look. 2.The harder all children and adults keep,the more fortunate they will became. 3.The more confident we are,the easily they will achieve success. 4.The more frequently culture is communicates,the faster ec
9、onomy will develop. 本句型推荐写在第二段分析原因。二并列句1 and/but句型And: likewise similarly equally at the meanwhile at the same time But : conversely by contrast on the contrary contrarily unexpectedly unfortunately nevertheless 例句：1.in the former picture ,the flower in the room is growing healthily.on the contrary,
10、in the latter one ,it is dying. 2.in the picture ,the eldest son is kicking out his father .meanwhile,other there kids are refusing the senior citizen. Picture: cartoon drawing painting caricature photograph 本句型推荐写在第一段描述俩幅图或一幅图。2 Not only but also 句型例句：1.keeping pats not only can reduce loneliness b
11、ut also can bring happiness for senior citizen. 2.Respecting parents not only keeps the Chinese conventional virtue but also prove duty of their offspring . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档3.The pollution not only ma
12、kes children and adults lost the blue sky but also makes them lost fresh air. Make/have/get somebody do something. Enable somebody to do something. 本句型推荐写在第二段分析原因使用。描述图画的分类：一、一幅图1.1 个主题 2 个动作；2.2 个主题 2 个动作；二、二幅图三复合句1 主语从句句型： it is thatIt is common knowledge that /it is my belief that/It is self-evid
13、ent that /it has been found that /it is beyond dispute that /it is universally acknowledged that/it has been widely accepted that /it is generally agreed that 更好的主语从句的变体：what+is +that （主（主语从句）系表） ；万能表语： that you never fail to fascinate me is obvious. 例句: What is worse is that i forget my book. 本句型推荐
14、任意一句话前，拉长句子，一次即可；第一段的第一句话前，引出描述图画。2 同位语和同位语一、名词的同位语例句：A.my boyfriend ,a rich businessman ,really has no much time to accompany me ,a university student. B.environmental pollution,a problem threaten human s existence,has became increasingly serious. C.a man ,a crazy fan ,is writing the name ,the symb
15、ol of some one ,of B.A superstar in Britain,on his face,some part of the body. 本句型推荐写在在文中出现名词，或图加名词作为同谓语， 同谓语前后用 “ ，”隔开。二、同位语从句的表达例句：1.The evidence that she has a pair of big eyes manifests that she looks like a beauty. 2.The evidence that sea of girls wear dress manifests that summer is coming. 3.T
16、he evidence that abusing phones affects communication of families manifest that the current situation became increasingly serious. Serious: severe grave fearful be of great severity 本句推荐写在第二段分析原因。3.定语和定语从句一定语的成分1.形容词修饰名词； 2.介词短语修饰名词； 3.名词修饰名词； 4.非谓语修饰名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
17、- - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档名词； 5.从句句子修饰名词。二定语的位置当一个词修饰名词通常放在前面，当俩个以上修饰时放在定语后；但是，如果是过去分词修饰名词即使是一个词也放在名词之后。三定语在文中的作用只要在文中出现名词，都可以试图加定语，拉长句子；但是，在第一段描述图画的时候，只要见到名词就要加定语，使语言生动。例句：1.An American girl cute as well as graceful is wearing Chinese of the minority which s
18、eem exceeding popular in north of china. 2.Immerse amounts of graduates who fail to have goals/standing on the road are facing four choices including hunting for jobs and going aboard. 3.The hot pot / something not only delicious also nutrition is full of a host of cultures from china and western na
19、tions . 万能定语：1.好的cute/lovely/little/graceful/elegant/confident/energetic/enthusiastic/passionate/who looks distinctly impressive to the reader 2.坏的Fat/cruel/ugly/negative/dispassionate/terrible/disgusting/who looks less impressive to the readers 四定语从句的满分表达在整个句子的定语从句和句子前要用“ ，” 隔开。例句： He proves a lady
20、 killer which seems beyond dispute. Which 可以修饰引导前面： which leaves us a deep impress/which provokes public s widespread concerns /which brings us the unnecessary trouble/which gives rise to dreadful consequence. 4.状语和状语从句一何为状语副词；时间；地点；原因；条件（if） ；方式 (by,through,as,as if ,as through);让步（ although,while）
21、 ；伴随（ to） ；目的（ in order to） ；结果（ so that） 。二定语的位置为插入语最；在主谓之间作；首或句末放；但通常在句；状语位置灵活。三状语在文中的使用作文的任何一句话都可，以加状语拉长句子。例句： I love you for my whole life . 描述图画的万能状语： in the center of vivid picture. 四描述原因的万能状语（主谓之间，插入语）as everyone can see it /with the rapid advance of science and technology/in our contemporary
22、 society/in the general routine of everyday living/throughout the whole world./although quite a few of adults fail to focus on it. 例句： Pets,although quite a few of adults fail to focus on it,will pollute the environment of our homes. Focus on :pour attention into ;attach great importance to 名师资料总结 -
23、 - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档四状语从句的满分表达1.让步状语从句（ although）例句： pursuing stars will waste the time of their fans although they keep exceedingly /kind/although their singing sounds enormously touching. 本句型推荐写在任何一个陈述句旁边，或第二段描
24、述短原因。2.So that 句型该句型就是替换 “very ”的一个句型，只要在文中出现形容词或副词就能用so that ,写成倒装句更佳。例句： Something is so significant /fearful that it is time to pay much attention to the issue. 本句型推荐写在第一段最后一句，或第三段第一句引出主题。3.分词做状语把分词写在主谓之间，作为插入语使用。模板：somebody(定语，同位语 )，doing something (次要)+定语/状语，is doing something (主要)+宾语/状语。例句： I,
25、hating you ,will kill you . 本句型推荐写在第一段描述一幅图一个主体俩个动作。四英语特殊结构1.插入语用在主谓之间，用 “ ，” 或“”隔开。万 能 插 入 语 ： needless to say(不 用 说 ) ， in ones judgment,to ones knowledge,strictly,to tell me truth,to put it in another way,i am sure, as i see it ,as we all know 本句型用在主谓之间第一段最后一句，或第二段和第三段第一句。2.双重否定万能用法： never fail t
26、o/nothing but /cannot have failed to do something/it is not beyond dispute that /it is not impossible to do/there is hardly a man or a woman in China who does not desire to have a happy life ./there never fail to prove many reason to explain 本句型推荐写在第三段具体措施。3.修辞比喻： something to 人 as precious sunshine
27、 is creatures throughout the world ;something seems to 人 as senior earthquakes are to helpless natives. 例句：1.as the clear sky is to flying larks . 2.as solid fundamental is to skyscrapers. 排 比 ： we were in the midst of shockbut we acted .we acted quickly ,boldly ,decisively. (Franklin D. Roosevelt)
28、本句型推荐写在第三段最后一句，喊口号。4.强调句句型： it isthat 例句: 1.I met my old flame in the street yesterday . 2.It was yesterday that I met my old flame in the street . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档本句型推荐用在任何位置，强调句强调状语最佳。5.虚拟语气把不虚拟的变成虚
29、拟的句子只需把已经写好的时态变成过去式就完成了。例句：1.if you are a tear in my eyes ,i will never shed it . 2.if you were a tear in my eyes ,i would never shed it . 3.If you travel to a remote place ,i will close all my windows. 4.If you traveled to a remote place ,i wound close all my windows. 5.If every person is busy purs
30、uing stars ,he will be confronted with a dim and gloomy future. 6.If every person were busy pursuing stars ,he wound be confronted with a dim and gloomy future. 本句型推荐写在第二段最后一个原因，反面论证。6.倒装句1.否定词放在句首倒装例句：1.I am never a woman tough and outgoing.Never am i a woman tough and outgoing. 2.Not only does kee
31、ps respecting parents keep a Chinese. 2.So that 倒装本句型只要把 so 引导的部分放在句首即可。例句： So significant is something that it is time to pay much attention to the issue . 三段落一、段落写作原则二、段落论述方式在写作过程中如果可以用中文表述，可用以下句型：The more,the more ;not only ,but also ;the evidence that ；although ;if 。如果三个原因短，可用非限制性定语从句；或用定语、状语加长。
32、1.定义/解释法本方法如果确定使用，一定用在第一、二个理由。模板：something（中心词）is something （解释（下） which means that+三个并列的简单句 +when引导的时间状语从句。解释： a Chinese conventional virtue /a severe global issue /a pervasive social trend /an active /negative mentality /a hot social topic 例句：1.a beauty is a woman who has long hair ,who has a pair
33、 of big eyes and who has a sexy figure. 2.Respecting parents is a Chinese conventional virtue which means that we often accompany them ,we cook meal for them and we wash clothes for them when they became older. 3.A pursuing stars is a hot social topic which means that them at the airport when we fal
34、l in love with them. 2.引用名人名言法名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档Once,there seemed a writer who has gained great reputation in Japan,who named_,starting that:as as 句型/so that句型，可用倒装 /比喻/虚拟语气3.举例法一举小例子（复数名词或抽象名词后）例句：1.I
35、love men such as + 人名2.I enjoy reading famous books such as二举大例子注意：A、一定要使用自己那准的词、语法；B、句子和句子之间多用逻辑关系词；C、举例都用一般过去式；D、用虚拟语气总结。例句： although as abundant cases can supporting my simple view ,the following one is most favorable .the other one,i was ill but nobody took care of me .at the moment ,a cook /tea
36、cher came into give me bread .then i recover /became well.the story ,as a consequence ,tells us a truth that if四作文一、大作文（图画作文）1.第一段写法：描述图画 +寓意表达（中心）（3-4 句）第一二句话：用主语从句引出描述图画(what,that) A.一个图一个主体俩个动作例句： in the easy and simple cartoon ,sb.( 定语或同位语 ),doing sth.（次要动作）,is doing sth.（主要动作）（定语或状语）。B.一个图俩个主体俩
37、个动作例句：in the easy and simple cartoon ,sb.( 定语或同位语 )is doing sth.,and （but）sb2（定语或同位语） is doing sth2.（定语或状语）。C.俩个图例句： in the former cartoon ,sb.( 定语或同位语、插入语 )is doing sth. （定语或状语）；in the latter one ,sb2.( 定语或同位语、插入语 )is doing sth2.（定语或状语）。第三句话：引出寓意的过渡句例句： 1.the story thatindicate that 2. the picture
38、reflect a thought Provoking social phenomenon3.The message conveyed in the picture seems to be that 第四句话：寓意表达We should (never)to do Sth. is very important (serious/severe) 推荐句型： 1.被动句； 2.as as 句型； 3.so that句型； 4.比喻句。加工：插入语、双重否定、强调句2.第二段写法：原因分析、举例（4-5 句话）1.原因分析：（4-5 句话）第一句话：引出原因的综述句推荐句型： 1.there be句；
39、2.句型： on the surface of it ,this may seem to be ridiculous(attractive /funny/just a popular phenomenon),but if thinking again ,we would point out some reasons. ；3.加工：插入语、双重否定、强调句。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档第二三四五
40、句话：具体的原因分析首先（first and foremost/the main element for the picture is that ） ；其次（in addition/what is more ） ；最后（ as a consequence /last but not least） 。3.第三段写法第一句话：总结句第二三句话：具体措施第一措施： cannot have failed to do sth. 第二措施：虚拟语气（it is quite necessary/urgent/essential that we ,as university student currently
41、,should to do sth. ）推荐句型： 1.排比句； 2.as as 句型； 3.so that句型； 4.比喻句。加工：插入语、双重否定、强调句第四句话：口号推荐句型： 1.there be ;2. 罗斯福。二、小作文（书信）1.称呼：文中已给出： dear +主文中未给出： dear sir or madam /dear Mr president 2.第一段：自我介绍 +写作目的1. 自我介绍文中已给出：文中未给出：社会人员、大学生例句： 1.I am staff in a university . 2.I am senior from the department of art/physical /dancing in a university . 2. 写作目的To be frank ,i am writing the letter in order to 3.第二段：应用文注意：语言简洁、多用连词4.第三段： （俩句）5.落款：文中已要求：一句话写出文中要求的内容文中未要求：表示感谢 +期待回信名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -