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1、学习必备欢迎下载龙文教育个性化辅导教案年月日教师学生授课时间点授课层次授课课题课型教学目标1、知识目标:2、能力目标:教学重点和难点1、重点:2、难点:教学内容:动 词 不 定 式不定式: to + 动词原形知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形 ” ,有时可以不带 to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如:to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等动词不定式具有名词、形
2、容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语:句法作用例句作宾语She wanted to borrowed my radio.They began to read and write.作状语She went to see her grandma last Sunday .He came to give us a talk yesterday.作宾语补足语Lucy asked him to turn off the radio. She asked me to speak more loudly Jim told Ling Feng to go home at
3、once .The father made his son study hard.作定语Have you got anything to say?I had something to eat this morning .作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy. 注:作主语用的动词不定式常常为it 替代,动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。例如:It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work.动词不定式的否定形式由“not+ 动词不定式 ” 构
4、成. 如: Tell him not to be late.The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载4) 不定式省去 to 的情况 : 在感官动词 see ,watch,look at,hear , listen to,feel 和使役动词 make,have ,let 等所接的宾语中(不定式做宾语不足语),不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如:Let me listen to you si
5、ng the song. He watched his son play computer games. I saw him run away.-He was seen to run away. The boss make the workers work the whole night.-The workers were made to work the whole night. 5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用,构成不定式短语。如:The question is when to start. I don t
6、 know where to go .He showed me how to use a computer. What to do is a big problem. 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!翻译下列句子,说出句中不定式的作用:1. To grow plants is very important. 2. It is so nice to hear your voice. 3. My dream is to be a pilot. 4. He began to read and write at the age of five. 5. The teacher asked me to s
7、peak more loudly. 6. Tom came to see me last night. 7. I am glad to see you. 8.Have you got anything to say? 9.There are many places to see in China. 10.I asked him not to open the window. 11. I dont know what to buy for you.12. I saw him dance. 13. He often helps me clean the room. 14. They are too
8、 shy to speak English. 15. He was lucky enough to find his watch. 16. I want you to go there together with me. 解析: 1、To grow plants 做主语; 2、to hear your voice做主语; 3、to be a pilot 作表语;4、to read and write作宾语;5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语; 6、to see me作状语;7、to see you作状语; 8、to say作定语; 9、to see作定语; 10、not
9、to open the window作宾语补足语; 11、what to buy 作宾语;12、dance作宾语补足语(省略to);13、clean the room作宾语补足语(省略to);14、to speak English作状语; 15、to find his watch作状语; 16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!选择最佳答案填空:1. Tell him _ the light. A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn 2. It t
10、ook us more than two hours _ the dinner. A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载3. We felt the earth _. A. move B. moveing C. to move D. be moved 4. The students were made _ the text ten times. A. read B. reading C. to
11、 read D. to be read 5. The chair looks rather hard _, but in fact it is very comfortable. A. to sit B. to sit on C. sitting D. sit 6. Nobody knows _next. A. what to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do 7. It is very important _ us _these words. A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for,
12、remember D. for, remembering 8. _ English well, one must have a lot practice. A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak 9. Im going to the library _ the books.A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend 10. We went to town _ some shopping. A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do 11. The funny sto
13、ry _ me laugh. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _. A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest C. to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest 13. It is very kind _ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _me to do all the wor
14、k. A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for 14. Many people think it very difficult _ English. A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking 15. The teacher asked the students _ her _ the word again. A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say C. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce 16.Rememb
15、er _ the book here tomorrow. A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take 17. -Lets have a rest, shall we? - Not now. I dont want to stop _ the letter yet. A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write 18. -This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me _, Wang Lin? - Sure. A. what to work it out
16、B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it 19.- How can I improve my spoken English? - You have to practise _ as much as you can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 20. - How about going hiking this weekend? - Sorry. I prefer _ rather than _. A. to stay at home, go ou
17、t B. to go out, stay at home 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home 1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA 非谓语动词一.定义:非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,即动词的非谓语形式。约占中考10%。二.分类:动词不定式、 v-ing 形式和过去分词。1. 动词不定式1)构成: (not) to do / (not)
18、do 2)句法功能:(1)作主语:To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。常用句式:It+be+名词+to
19、 do sth. It takes sb.+some time+to do sth. It+be+形容词 +of /forsb +to do sth. 常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。区别:当使用 for 时,句中形容词修饰的是不定式;It s necessary for you to study hard .(necessary 修饰 to study hard,表示学习努力是有必要的)而用
20、 of 时,句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。It s foolish of him to do it .(foolish 修饰逻辑主语 him)(2)作表语:Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。seem作连系动词,其后的to be 不定式可省。She seems to be ill today.= She seems ill.= It seems that she is ill. (3)作宾语:常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage,
21、 help, agree, promise, prefer, I hope to get good grades. I want to help you. 注意:如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面。I found it difficult to learn math well. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语。I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里,别无选择。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下
22、载He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用。He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。(4)作宾语补足语:在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait
23、for, invite. 有些动词如 make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have 等与不带有 to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to,I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road. (5)作定语:动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。He found a good house to live in. (6)作状语:表目的:He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。She sold her hair to buy
24、 the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。表结果 (往往是与预期愿望相反的结果意料之外 ),常位于句尾。He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了,只见火车已经走了。I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他,只见他出去了。表原因:hey were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。表程度:Its too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了,我们什么也看不见。表条件:不定式表条件常位于句首。
25、To be heated,liquid will change into gas.如果受热,液体就会变成气体。表方式 :不定式可接在as if / as though 之后He moved his mouth as if to say something. 他嘴唇动了动,好像要说什么事。(7)不定式做独立成分To tell you the truth, I dont like it. 告诉你实话,我不喜欢它。(8)不定式的省略:保留to 省略 do 动词。If you dont want to do it, you dont need to. 如果你不想做这件事,你就不必做。(9)不定式的并列
26、:第二个不定式可省略to。He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生。2.v-ing 形式1)分类: v-ing 形式包括现在分词和动名词,2)句法功能:(1)作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载(2)作表语:In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。(3)
27、作宾语:They havent finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认) , mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk (冒险) , appreciate(感激) , be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help(情不自禁地) , think of
28、, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop (from),protect from, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, pay attention to, insist on, (4)作定语:Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?3.过去分词1)构成: -ed 2)句法功能:(1)做定语Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展
29、了一次有组织的旅行。(2)做宾语补足语I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。(3)做表语They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意: 1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事3)remember to do 记住去做某
30、事(未做)remember doing记得做过某事 (已做) 4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔5)try to do尽全力,努力做某事try doing尝试做某事6) mean to do打算,有意要 mean doing意味着7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)proposing doing 建议(做某事)9) learn to do 学着去做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
31、 - - -第 6 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载learn doing 学会做某事10) cant help to do不能帮助做某事cant help doing 情不自禁做某事11) used to do 过去做某事be used to doing 习惯做某事12)e /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为; +doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。I should like to see him tomorrow 13)need, want, deserve + 动名词表被动意义; T
32、he room needs cleaning. +不定式被动态表示 “ 要(修、清理等 ) ” 意思。2.常考句式:1)see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. doing sth. 强调动作正在进行see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. to do sth. 强调动作发生的事实2) keep sb. doing sth. 让某人做某事3)finish doing sth. 做完某事4)spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间 /金钱做某事5)have difficulty/trouble doing sth. 做某事
33、有困难6)how/what about doing sth? 做某事怎么样?(提建议)【模拟题】一根据句意,用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Is it necessary _(learn) a foreign language? 2. He is good at _(swim). 3. Do you have anything _(say) for yourself? 4. Its spring now. its time _(plant) trees.5. Don t keep me _(wait) for a long time.6. The policeman told the boys
34、 not _(play) in the street. 7. Her son is too young _(dress) himself. 8. Lets _(have) a rest, shall we?9. The speaker spoke too quickly for us _(understand). 10. The little boy is not old enough_(read). 11. I asked him _(show) me his new pen. 12. Knives are used for _(cut) things. 13. I really dont
35、know what _(do) next.14. I often hear people _(say) “_(see) is_(believe)”.15. You d better _(try) this medicine.16. They said they had nothing _(worry) about. 17. Can you finish _(read) the book in three days? 18. The doctor was busy _(operate) on the boy at that time. 19. _(tell) you the truth, I d
36、islike making friends with him. 20. Stop _(talk) and listen to me carefully. 21. Thank you very much for _(help) us. 22. Granny is very ill and she doesnt feel like _(eat) anything.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载23. Would you like _(climb) the mountain with me? 24.
37、The girl enjoys _(listen) to light music. 25.We couldn t help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story.26. What about _(go) out for a walk? II选择填空。1. Would you please _ the door for me? A. holding B. not to hold C. hold D held 2. Seeing an old man getting off the train, she hurried over _ things for
38、him. A. carrying B. to carry C. carried D. for carrying 3. We d really like you _ to the party tonight.A.come B. to come C. will come D. should come 4. We can do nothing but _ the experiment. A.to repeat B repeat C. repeating D. repeated 5. Have you got any thing _ about this matter? A. saying B. to
39、 say C said D. say 6. He was not _ try it again. A. such a fool as to B. so a fool as to C. a fool such as to D. a fool so as to 7. He was too excited _. A. to go to sleeping B. to slept C. to go to sleep D. going to sleep 8. We cant have him _ like that all day.A.to work B. working C. to be worked
40、D. work 9.She were often heard _ this song when she was happy. A. sang B singing C. sung D. to be singing 10.The train was seen _ at a very high speed toward the industrial center. A.travel B. travels C. traveled D. traveling 11.We ll soon have a person _ with us.A. to work B. working C. worked D wo
41、rks 12._ has not been decided yet. ATo start when B. Why to start C. When to start D. Start to where 13. Do you think it difficult _? A. for me to do so B. for my to do so C. for I to do so D. for me doing so 14. She keeps telling us _. A. what to do B. doing what C. what is doing D. do what 15. _ i
42、s not known. A. Whom to begin the running test B. When to begin the running test C. When the running test begin D. How begin to the running test 16. _ the job alone is impossible. A.To him to do B. For him doing C For him to do D. For he to do 17. _ it should be made clear. A What to do B. Why to do
43、 C Whom to do D When can do 18.Our house needs _ before the rainy season arrives. A. to repair B. to be repair C. repaired D. repairing 19.I havent decided which hotel _.A. to stay B. is to stay at C. to stay at D. is for staying 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载20.I
44、was almost asleep when I heard someone _ at the door. A. knock B to knock C. knocked D. being knocked 21.I often spent much money _ books. A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D for buying 22.If you practice _ English whenever you can, you will soon speak well. A. talking B. going speak C speaking D to
45、speak 23.We are tired of _ the same problem all the time. A discussing B. to discuss C. discussing for D. discuss 24.She usually forgets _ the door, but she remembered _ it yesterday. Ato shutto shut B. shuttingshutting C. to shut shutting D. shuttingto shut 25.I _ a bus to school when it was rainin
46、g. Aam used to take B. used to taking C. use to take D was used to taking 26. Im thirsty. Will you get me something _? A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating 27. It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill. A. to have B. of having C. have D. had 28. Lily, keep the window _. The sandstorm hasnt stopped ye
47、t. A. close B. closed C. open D. opened 29. A policeman saw two thieves _ a girls mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once. A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen 30. Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a long time. A. plays B. to play C. play D. played 31. They were made _ fourte
48、en hours a day. A. work B. working C. worked D. to work 32. Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them? A. making B. make C. to make D. made 33. He stood there for two hours _ the game. A. watched B. watching C. is watching D. was watching 34. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterd
49、ay. A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out C. has taken; work out D. is taking; working out 35. When you leave, dont forget _ off the light.A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned 36. Who do you think youd like _?A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with 37.
50、Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often. A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat 38. -Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday? -This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday. A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done 39. Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning. A. to