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1、任务型阅读专项突破l 知识点1任务型阅读概况综观近年全国各地的中考试题，“任务型阅读”考查的题型主要有：阅读简答题、阅读填表题，总体上看，它由两部分构成：短文和阅读任务。l 知识点2阅读填表式任务型阅读的题型分类1. 信息查找，直接获取答案型解题思路：此类题属于细节题，可以直接在原文中能够找到，问题的题干与原文大致相同，所以所需要的词不需要变换形式，可以直接从文中进行摘抄。l 例题例1： 原文：Some psychologists (心理学家) think that your taste in music is related to (有联系的) your personality.题目：You
2、r in music is related to your personality.【解析】：对比空格前后和原文一致，可以知道此题为细节题，直接找到taste.【答案】：taste例2： 原文：Music tells us who we are. Music reflects the creators thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from.题目：Music not only reflects the social environment it came from but also expresse
3、s peoples thinking and _【解析】：对比空格前后，虽然题干与原文不完全相同，但and前连接的词与原文一致，没有任何改变，可以知道此题为细节题，直接找到values.【答案】：values例3： 原文：Be active and have a positive attitude (积极的态度) towards life. Develop confidence in yourself.题目：Have an and positive attitude towards life and develop confidence in yourself.【解析】：依旧找到and连接词，
4、后一个为positive，可知需要在原文中找到与positive位置和作用等同的词，原文为be active and have a positive可以知道是active.【答案】：active例4： 原文：Rewrite your notes to make them more complete and accurate(准确的) by changing abbreviations into whole words, symbols into words, and shortened sentences into longer sentences. Use them to answer yo
5、ur questions. If necessary, ask your teacher for help.题目：Make your notes more complete and accurate to your questions.【解析】：原文列举了很多例子去讲解，所以中间的长段可以去掉，直接看到后一句：use them to answer the questions提出目的，所以可以找到动词answer.【答案】：answer例5： 原文：If students earn passing grades in the class and also pass their state dri
6、vers exam, they can begin driving themselves to school.题目：They can themselves to school when they are over 16 and have passed the required tests.【解析】：找到原文they can begin driving而重要的动作其实是drive, 而不在于begin, 由于结构的变化，此处需要将driving变为原形。【答案】：drive例6： 原文：Sometimes we work with the best of motives(动机) only to
7、be disappointed by the result.题目：Remembering your motives, not your 【解析】：考查学生对信息的归纳能力，原文中对比motive和result之间关系。【答案】：result2. 信息转换，间接获取【答案】型此类题在实际做题环节时应注意根据问题查找定位信息，但这些信息仅为线索或某种提示并非最终【答案】，一定记得加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式，方为正确【答案】。常见的转换方式：1)词性转换名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类间的转化；在初中范围内，常见的词性转换为：A）名词变为形容词：加y:直接加y: health-healthy; f
8、rost-frosty; rain-rainy; difficultdifficulty;双写为字母加y: sun-sunny; fog-foggy;去e加y: noise-noisy加ful或者less:hope-hopeful/hopeless; meaning-meaningful/meaningless; wonder-wonderful; cheer-cheerful; colour-colouful; cheer-cheerful; success-successful; end-endless;B）形容词变为副词：直接加ly: careful-carefully; beautif
9、ul-beautifully; bad-badly; excited-excitedly;以y结尾将y变为ily: angry-angrily; heavy-heavily; noisy-noisily; happy-happily;以le结尾将le变为ly: comfortable-comfortably; possible-possibly; simple-simply;去e加ly: true-truly.来源:学科网ZXXKC）动词/形容词变为名词：加ment:agreeagreement; treat-treatment; advertise-advertisement; punish
10、-punishment;improve-improvement; develop-development;加ion:collect-collection; donate-donation; educate-education; organize-organization; invent-invention;加ness:rich-richness; kind-kindness; ill-illness; ugly-ugliness; sick-sickness;sad-sadness批注：此处需要注意，有一些以e结尾的单词，加上ion时需要去掉e加ion; 以y结尾的单词加上ness时需要去y为
11、i再加ness.D）动词变为形容词：加ed/ ing:surprise- surprising/ surprised; excite-exciting/ excited; tire-tiring/ tired; please-pleasing(pleasant)/ pleased;l 例题例1： 原文：Dont wave your hands to the waiters. Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them. But in France some bread
12、 and water will come first, then the waiters will take your order according to the rhythm(节奏) of the restaurant. Have enough patience(耐心)!题目：Englishmen cant be _ enough for meals while Frenchmen can.【解析】：找到原文enough的位置，可知此题考查的本质其实是enough的用法：形容名副后，所以此题需要将patience变为其形容词形式。【答案】：patient例2： 原文：Most teens
13、dont know what their moms favorite is. You do? Then, what are you waiting for? Buy her something she likes and wrap it carefully. The best time to give her that is while she is sleeping at night. Put it on the drawer next to her so that when she wakes up shell be surprised to see it. 题目：Put it on a
14、drawer next to her to give her a _.【解析】：对比原文，找到不同点即so that when she wakes up shell be surprised to see it.表示目的的形式已经转换为to do的结构，主要是将后面的句子变换，可以想到surprise的词组：give sb. a surprise= surprise sb.= sb. be surpried【答案】：surprise例3： 原文：As long as you have studied well, you will be more confident of your chance
15、 to succeed in a test.题目：Your confidence could lead to your in the test. 【解析】：很明显，原文是“信心增加成功的可能性”，而题目中置于物主代词之后，所以要用名词形式，succeed为动词，名词为success【答案】：success例4： 原文：Self-respect is a very important part of a great life. 题目：Keeping a sense of self-respect is of great to a great life.【解析】：此处置于冠词后需要加名词，进行im
16、portant和importance的转换。【答案】：importance 例5： 原文：If we look for good qualities in other people, it is easier to remember the good qualities in ourselves.题目：Look for the good qualities in other people and we can remember ours more .【解析】：结合语法句法知识，its easier to do sth.=do sth. more easily。【答案】：easily例6： 原文
17、：Why do we need sleep? Nobody has yet can give a correct answer to this question. However, tests have shown that lack(缺少) of sleep over about four weeks leads to a strong drop in body temperature, great weight loss and finally, sickness.题目：Why do we need sleep?Nobody can answer the question _.【解析】：仔
18、细阅读原文，可得原文信息词Nobody has yet can give a correct answer to this question. 经过分析语法及句法，然后结合问题，得出正确【答案】。 【答案】：correctly2)词意转换词汇转换包括同义词、反义词等功能替代型转换；初中范围内（牛津教材）出现的：A) 在单词前加上否定前缀构成形容词的反义词：一般情况下，在形容词前加un: e.g.: necessary-unnecessary; welcome-unwelcome; comfortable-uncomfortable;几种特殊情况，需要再形容词前加in; ir; im; dis等
19、：e.g.: 加in-: active-inactive; correct-incorrect; 加ir-: regular-irregular;加im-: possible-impossible; patient-impatient; polite-impolite;加dis-: honest-dishonest;B) 常见的反义词：cheap-expensive; long-short; same-different; hot-cold; happy-sad; fast-slow; easy-difficult;generous-selfish; modest-proud; strong-
20、weak; hardworking-lazy; clever-silly; remember-forget.C) 常见的同义词：happiness=joy; strong= powerful; sad= unhappy; afraid= worried; energetic= lively; calm= relaxed;influence= affect; know= realize; need= require; hope= wishl 例题例1： 原文：Get you ready to understand new information your teacher will provide
21、.题目： to understand new information.【解析】：对比原文与题目，可知此需要找到一个词，意思相当于get ready（准备好）, 可以想到是prepare，同时prepare满足，prepare to do sth【答案】：Prepare例2： 原文：It is said that you wont want to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue(五岳) but you wont wish to see even wu yue after you come back from it. 题目：It is sa
22、id that you wont to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue but you wont wish to see even wu yue after from it. 【解析】：找到原文的after，原文为come back而题干只有一个，想到come after 返回= return，但此时主语也被省略掉，直接放在介词after之后，所以需要变换return的形式。【答案】：returning例3： 原文：Be sure to remember the following safety tips.题目：Dont _ the s
23、afety tips if you find yourself in the path of a hurricane.【解析】：主要考查remember的反义词形式。【答案】：forget例4： 原文：If your mind is full of problems in the past, you will always feel ashamed and sad.题目：Dont let your mind filled the mistakes in the past【解析】：考查be full of 的同义词be filled with【答案】： with例5： 原文：It isnt ri
24、ght to feel better by putting others down. 题目：It is to feel better by putting others down. 【解析】：考察not right的同义词=wrong【答案】：wrong3)句子结构转换语法匹配 (to, -ing, -ed, 主被动语态的转换)、连词、介词的运用、固定句型、同义句等都属于句子结构转换的内容。l 例题：例1： 原文：In classroom, your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying. The information t
25、hey provide will be important for you to know when you take tests. So you must be able to take good written notes from what your teachers say.题目：The information that is by the teachers about studying topics is useful for your tests, so it is necessary for you to learn take good notes.【解析】：原文的 the in
26、formation they provide是一个省略that的定语从句，变为问题时，定语从句中的主语被偷换掉了，所以相应的动作和主语之间的关系也由主动变为了被动，动词形式需要变化【答案】：provided例2： 原文：Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them. 题目：Do something to attract the attention【解析】：原文make the waiters pay attention to them“使得侍者们能够注意到他们”换为主动
27、的“吸引注意”而这个注意力应该是侍者所给予的。【答案】：waiters例3： 原文：Students must spend a lot of time learning another language. 题目：It Chinese students too much time to learn a foreign language. 【解析】：考察同义句型：sb. spend some time doing= it takes sb. some time to do【答案】：takes3. 信息归纳题，综合概括获【答案】根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征包括：概括性（在最大程度
28、上覆盖栏内信息)、针对性（量体裁衣，大小适度)、醒目性（简洁）。常见概括性词汇有以下几类，需要学生掌握：原因：cause(s) / reason(s) 结果/结论： result(s) / /conclusion(s) 目的：purpose/ aim建议提示： advice / suggestion(s) / tip(s) 问题：problem(s) /trouble方式方法：method(s) /means/ way(s) / manner/ solution(s)措施行动：measure/action特性，特点：characteristics/ feature好处/坏处：advantage
29、(s)/ disadvantage(s)主题：theme(s) / topic(s) / subject(s)数字/数据：data/ figure(s)种类：type(s) / kind(s) /形势/情形： situation(s) / condition(s)/ case(s)重要性/意义：importance(s) / meaning(s)l 例题：例1： 原文：There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep. First, you should have regular sleep habits
30、. Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. You also need to make your bedroom a cool, dark, quiet place to sleep so that heat, light and noise do not disturb you. At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as
31、caffeine may keep you from sleeping.题目：The title: to improve sleep quality: Have regular sleep habitsMake your bedroom cool, dark and quietDont drink anything with caffeine at bedtime 【解析】：总结概括题【答案】：Ways/Methods/ Measures/Steps/How例2：原文：Nowadays in school life，a lot of students develop a fear of tes
32、ts. Its not because tests are something to be afraid of. Most students are afraid of tests mainly because they dont have enough self-confidence and they dont always think they are well prepared. If you follow the tips below, its not difficult to overcome(克服)your fear of tests. 题目：Title: to overcome
33、your fear of tests 【答案】：How/Ways 来源:学科网例3：题目：Statistics (统计) about school kids not having breakfast Reasons-They stay up late at night to study and want to stay in bed for a few more minutes. _ -They cant listen carefully in class. They feel sleepy all day. Suggestions-The morning meal is necessary,
34、 for it provides much energy.【解析】：仔细阅读上下文，通过上下文语意、逻辑关系可得到正确【答案】。 【答案】： Results例4： 原文：Music provides a kind of ability to know the world in a different way. Science explains how the sun rises and sets. Music explores the emotive meanings. We need every possible way to discover and response to our wor
35、ld because no one way can get it all.题目：A way to know the world:We cant discover and respond to our world in just one way. Science explains how nature _.【答案】：works例5： 原文：Music is a form of thought, as powerful as science. It is a way we human beings “talk” to each other. Through the language we expr
36、ess our feelings, our discoveries, our ideas, our imagination and our hopes so that they can be shared with others. When we do not let our children receive good music education, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses. Science does not tell us what it means to be human. Music does.题
37、目：Music, from science, tells us what it means to be human.【解析】：考查学生的总结概括以及固定搭配，文章倒数第二段最后一句主要讲科学和音乐的差异，要表示差异不同的意思，又因为题中有from，所以我们想到用different【答案】：differentl 近三年九年级上期末任务型汇编年份/区域主题文章类型2017-2018玄武A new invention- the Plant Lamp科技说明文2017-2018鼓楼Negative Thoughts议论文2016-2017玄武How to develop respect for you
38、rself议论文2016-2017鼓楼A Fathers Letter to his Child信件2015-2016玄武The World is Getting Smaller议论文2015-2016鼓楼KobeOne of the Best Basketball Players人物传记【2017-2018学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru, South America
39、. However, things went worse in March 2017 after heavy rains destroyed the only power cables in the area. The villagers were forced to use oil lamps, which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce.Luckily, researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in
40、 Lima, Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution. They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an L
41、ED light bulb.While that may sound amazing and even impossible, the science behind the idea is quite simple. As plants create their food (using the suns energy, water and chemicals from the soil), they also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they
42、 produce electrons(电子). The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to get the energy and keep it in the lamps batteries for later use. The researchers say a single charge (电荷)can power a 50-walt LED light for two hours - enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done.The universi
43、ty gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2017. So far, they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez, the UT professor who invented the lamp, believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people, especially small rainforest communities, 42% of whom have no e
44、lectricity.A new invention- the Plant LampThe problem in the small villageThe people living in Nuevo Saposoa always have much _56_ getting electricity. However things went _57_ for the only power cables there was destroyed by heavy rains. The villagers had to use oil lamps, _58_ they are expensive t
45、o use and can be bad for health.The _59_ to solve the problemSome researchers made a new kind of lamp. It can be powered by _60_ objects found in the rainforest-plants and soil.The lamp takes _61_ from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it light up an LED light bulb.The science explanationPlan
46、ts create their food and produce waste which is _62_ to the soil at the same time. Some tiny animals feed on the waste and produce electrons.The UT team can get the energy and keep it in the lamps batteries. The researchers say a 50-walt LED light can be powered by a single charge for local villagers to _63_ their evening work.ConclusionTen Plant Lamps were given to the villagers and they have been very _64_ sin