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1、初中英语变形规则一、名词单数变复数规则:1、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s 。读音变化:结尾是清辅音读s ,结尾是浊辅音或元音读 z 。例: friend friends; cat cats; style styles; sport sports; piece pieces 2、凡是以 s、z、x、ch、sh 结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es 构成复数。读音变化:统一加读 iz。例:busbuses; quiz quizzes; fox foxes; matchmatches; flash flashes 3、以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词,将 y 改变为 i ,再加
2、-es 。读音变化:加读 z 。例: candycandies; daisydaisies; fairyfairies; ladyladies; storystories 4、以-o 结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es ,否则加 -s 构成复数。读音变化:加读 z 。例:tomatotomatoes; potato potatoes; torpedo torpedoes; bingo bingoes 反例: silo silos; pianopianos (外来词) ; photo photos; macro macros(缩写词)5、以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,多为将 -f 或-
3、fe 改变为 -ves ,但有例外。读音变化:尾音 f 改读vz 。例: knife knives; lifelives; leaf leaves; staffstaves; scarf scarves 反例: roof roofs 6、不规则变形: man woman child foot tooth goose Mouse Frenchman Englishman ox Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish People police cattle man doctor 口诀:男人女人 a 变 e,孩子后加 ren;中国人和日本人,绵羊鹿鱼形不变;脚和牙齿还有鹅
4、,就把oo 变 ee;mouse 、mice 是老鼠,公牛 ox 加 en ;人们警察牵小牛,单数形式复数意;男医生和女医生,man和 doctor 都变身。二、动词第三人称单数形式构成规则动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察。1、 大多数动词在词尾加 “S” 在清辅音后发音为 s , 在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如:stop stops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; playplays z 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - -
5、- - - - - 第 1 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 2、以辅音字母加“ y”结尾的,要先将“ y”变为“i ”,然后在加“ es”读iz 如: flyflies z; carry carries z studystudies z; worryworries 3、以“ s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“ es”,发音为 iz 如: teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz 4、以“ o”结尾的动词,加“ es”,读 z 如: go goes z dodoes z 下面几个动词变为单数时, 原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记
6、忆。如:1、do du:does dz 2、say seisays sez 以不发音字母“ e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是s ,z 时,加“ s”后字母“ e”发音, 与所加“ s”一起读做 iz。 如: close closes iz be 动词包括: am , is , are 。第三人称单数用 is ;过去式为 was;复数用 are,过去式为 were. 除上述规律外,还应注意下面三点:1. 动词 have ,遇到主语是第三人称单数时,要用 has ; 动词 be 的第三人称单数形式是 is 。2. 含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时,要用 doesnt + 动词原形, 如:He
7、 goes to school at six in the morning. ( 变否定句 ) He doesnt go to school at six in the morning. 3. 对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时,要用助动词 does ,如:She goes home at five every day. (对划线部分提问 ) When / What time does she go home every day? 三、动词的过去式和过去分词规则动词的过去式和过去分词是一样,变化规则如下:1一般在动词末尾加 -ed,如: pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2
8、结尾是 e 加 d,如: taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 -ed,如: stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的,变 y 为 i , 再加-ed,如: study-studied (1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形) cost (花费) cost cost cut(割) cut cut hit(打) hit hit hurt 伤害) hurt hurt let(让) let let put(放) put put read (读) read read spread (伸展/ 传播) spread
9、spread (2) AAB 型(动词原形与过去式同形)beat (跳动) beat beaten 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - (3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)become (变成) became become come (来) came come run(跑) ran run (4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)dig (挖) dug dug get(得到) got got hang (吊死)
10、 hanged hanged hang(悬挂) hung hung hold (抓住) held held lay (产卵) laid laid shine (照耀) shone shone sit(坐) sat sat win (赢) won won meet(遇见) met met keep (保持) kept kept sleep(睡) slept slept sweep(扫) swept swept feel(感觉) felt felt flee (逃跑) fled fled smell(闻) smelt smelt leave (离开) left left build(建设) bui
11、lt built lend (借出) lent lent send (传送 ) sent sent spend(花费) spent spent sink (沉下)sunk /sank snuk /sunken lose (丢失) lost lost burn (燃烧) burnt burnt learn (学习) learnt learnt mean(意思是) meant meant catch (抓住) caught caught teach(教) taught taught bring(带来) brought brought fight (战斗 ) fought fought buy(买)
12、 bought bought think(想) thought thought hear (听见) heard heard sell(卖) sold sold tell(告诉) told told say(说) said said find(找到 ) found found feed ( 饲养 )fed fed have/has( 有) had had make(制造 ) made made stand(站) stood stood smell (闻)smelled /smelt smelled /smelt stick ( 粘贴 / 刺) stuck stuck spell (拼写)spel
13、t/spelled spelt/spelled spit ( 吐唾沫) spat spat understand(明白)understood understood (5) ABC 型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)begin (开始) began begun drink(喝) drank drunk hide (躲藏) hid hidden ring(铃响) rang rung sing (唱) sang sung swim(游泳) swam swum blow(吹) blew blown draw (画) drew drawn fly (飞) flew flown grow(生长)
14、grew grown know(知道) knew known throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown break(打破) broke broken choose (选择 )chose chosen forget(忘记 )forgot forgotten (forgot) freeze (结冰凝固) froze frozen speak(说) spoke spoken wake(醒) woke woke drive(驾驶) drove driven eat (吃) ate eaten fall(落下) fell fallen give (给) g
15、ave given rise(升高) rose risen take (取) took taken mistake(弄错)mistook mistaken ride (骑) rode ridden write(写) wrote written 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - do (做) did done go(去) went gone lie (平躺) lay lain see(看见) saw seen wea
16、r (穿) wore worn be ( am, is, are )(是) was, were been 四、形容词的比较级和最高级变形规则(一)规则变化如下 :1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。great 2) 以-e 结 尾 的 单 音 节 形 容 词 的 比 较 级 和 最 高 级 是 在 词 尾加-r 和-st 构成。wide 3)少数以 -y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。clever 4) 以-y 结尾 , 但-y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y 去掉, 加上
17、-ier 和-est 构成. happy 5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er 和-est 。big 6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和most 加在形容词前面来构成。Beautiful difficult (二)不规则变化如下:good-better-best 好的well-better-best 身体好的 bad-worse-worst 坏的 ill-worse-worst 病的 many-more-most 许多much-more-most 许多 few-less-least 少数几个 little
18、-less-least 少数一点儿far-further-furthest 更进一步,程度far-farther-farthest 更远,路程old-older-oldest 年老的(指年纪)old-elder-eldest 年老的(指兄弟姐妹的排行)名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - (一)规则动词过去式变化规则1.一般情况直接加ed play-played 2. 以不发音e 为结尾的动词加 d likeliked
19、 livelived 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,变 y 为 i 再加ed study -studied cry-cried 4. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写词尾加ed stop-stopped (二)不规则动词的过去式( 根据所学单词量例举)buy- bought 买begin-began 开始bring-brought 带来come -came 来catch-caught 捉住,赶上drink-drank 喝drive-drove 开车 ,驾驶do-did 做,或无词意作助动词eat-ate 吃find-found 发现go-went 去get-got 得到,到达,获得give
20、-gave 给hurt-hurt 感到疼痛,受伤have-had 有hide-hid 隐藏,把藏起来keep-kept 保持,保护know- knew 知道,懂得,了解lend-lent 借出let-let 让lose-lost 失去,丢失make- made 制造,制作meet-met 相遇,遇到put-put 放run-ran 跑步ride-rode 骑read-read 读see-saw 看见say-said 说sing-sang 唱sit-sat 坐sleep-slept 睡觉spell-spelt 拼写stand-stood 站立swim -swam 游泳speak -spoke 讲
21、, 讲话spend-spent 度过,花费take-took 拿走teach-taught 教tell-told 告诉think-thought认为,想wake-woke 唤醒wear- wore 穿,戴write-wrote写win- won 赢名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - -
22、- - - - - 第 6 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 动词第三人称单数形式构成规则巩固练习题:I 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式:sit- guess- die- go- rush- reach- touch- brush- fly- copy- say- run- do- fix- live- cry- enjoy- have- wish- play- Tie- teach- buy- study- drink- go- stay- make- look- carry- come- watch- plant- fly - do- 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.
23、 He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English
24、on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. I m staying in bed. 16. She _(g
25、o) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -