《小升初英语备考重要知识点大全.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《小升初英语备考重要知识点大全.doc(12页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、小升初英语备考重要知识点大全今天小编为同学们整理分享的是关于小升初英语学习的备考重要知识点攻略,接下来就让我们一起来学习一下吧,希望可以帮助到有需要的同学们。第一部分:基础知识1.字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVW_YZAbcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw_yz2.语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:AEIOU12个单元音:前元音:i: ɪ /e/ æ 中元音:ɜ: ə后元音:: ɒ ɔ: u : ʊ ʌ双元音(8个).合口双元音(5个)ai ei au əu &
2、#596;i.集中双元音(3个) iəεəuə3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号第二部分:语法知识一、名词:名词单复数,名词的格式(一)名词单复数1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s._.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, bo_-bo_es, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
3、4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:a)
4、 单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 如: his friends bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 s childrens shoes并列名词中,如果把 s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加sToms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China。二、冠词:
5、不定冠词,定冠词种类(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an e_le / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an e_citing sport / an action movi
6、e / an art lesson(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane2.用法:定冠词的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater.The sweater is new.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.(4)在序数词前:Johns birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词前:
7、China is a big country.(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys cant swim.They are teachers.(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day.Its Sunday.(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class.He plays chess at
8、home.但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus三、代词、形容词、副词代词:人称代词,物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)memy(我的)复数we(我们)usour(我们的)第二人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)第三人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)she(她)herher(她的)it(它)itits(它的)复
9、数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)形容词的比较级1.形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2.形容词加er的规则 一般在词尾加er ; 以字母e 结尾,加r ; 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ; 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。3.不规则形容词比较级:good-better, beautiful-more beaut
10、iful(二)副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)四、数词:基数词、序数词(1)1-20one,two,three,four,five,si_,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, si_teen,seventeen,eighteen,nieen,twenty(2)21-99
11、先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45forty—five,56fifty-si_,67si_ty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91niy-one(3)—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586five hundred and eighty-si_,803eight hundred and three(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为bil
12、lion1,001one thousand and one18,423eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309si_ million two hundred and si_ty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000seven hundred and fifty billion序数词(1)一般在基数词后加theg.fourfourth,thirteenthirteenth(2)不规则变化onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,ei
13、ghteighth,nineninth,twelve—twelfth(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加thtwentytwentieth, fortyfortieth, niyniieth(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。五、介词:常用介词:in,
14、on, at, behind等1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)2.on1)表示具体日期。注:(1)关于&;在周末&;的几种表示法:at(on)the weekend 在周末-特指at(on)weekends 在周末-泛指over the weekend 在整个周末during the weekend 在周末期间(2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?2)在(刚.)的时候。On reaching the city he called up his p
15、arents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。3.in1)表示&;时段&;、&;时期&;,在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)六、动词:动词的四种时态(1)一般现在时:一般现在时的构成1.be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加&;-s&;或&;-e
16、s&;。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2.以s._.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies(2)一般过去时:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 live
17、d , danced , used以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类) 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stoppedB、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had , do – did , g
18、o – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell –told , draw – drew , e – came , lose – lost , find –
19、 found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt(3)一般将来时:基本结构:be going to + do;will+ do.be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天).= I will go swimming tomorrow.(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting第 12 页 共 12 页