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1、状语从句状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句 (1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard（rain hard 下大雨） when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the t
2、elephone rang. As he walked along（沿着走） the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. 难点as when while的辨析as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：表示“一边。一边的意思as 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时 ，用于发生时间较段时when： 1、还可以表示从句动词的动作
3、在主几句动词的动作之前 或之后发生。2、whenand then; at that moment (正在那个时候)while 、1、用于时间较长时2、 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。It was raining hard when (as) I got there.我到那里时，正在下大雨。( 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)When I had read the article, he called me.我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when )Whe
4、n I got to the cinema, the film had begun.(当)我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.他正要离开，忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.while, as不能代替 考点)She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.他以为我在谈她女儿
5、，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它) 考点(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。例如： Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句
6、用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out（熄灭）. Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off（从下来） until the bus stops. 【Till是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而在那个时刻之后，该事情或状况仍将持续。 Until是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而讲话的人在自己心里认为，在那个时刻之后，该事情或该状况将中止（不怎么可能持续）。固定组合里fro
7、m morning till night，till/until是不能替换的，】 2. 条件状语从句 (1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to. (2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He wont be late unless he is ill. (3)“祈使句 + and
8、 (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如： Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up, youll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 3. 原因状语从句 (1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we sh
9、all not（不得；不应该）go the zoo. Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如： -Why arent going there? -Because I dont want to. As he has no car, he cant get there easily. Si
10、nce we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4. 结果状语从句 (1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。例如： He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it. (2)sothat语such.that可以互换。例如
11、： 在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如： He was so glad that he couldnt say a word. The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever（几乎不，从来不） see her. 在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带
12、。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.（天花板）He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it agai
13、n. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. (3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild
14、roses. He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema（去看电影） with you.5. 比较状语从句 比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one.6. 目的状语从句 (1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that（为了，以便）引导。例如： We started early so that we could catch the first trai
15、nHe studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time. (2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如： Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句) Jack is badly
16、 ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句) 7. 让步状语从句 (1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：Though he is young, he knows a lot. Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如： 我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. 应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went
17、out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out. 8. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如： Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way. 总结：状语从句分类及常用连词： 类别 连 词 时间状语从句 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once（一旦） 地点状语从句 where, wherever 原因状语从句 because, since, as, for, now that（既然，
18、由于）etc. （et cetera，等于and so on）目的状语从句 n order that(为了，以便), so that, that, etc. 结果状语从句 sothat, so that, suchthat, that, etc. 条件状语从句 if, unless, as(so)long as, etc. 让步状语从句 though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as, etc. 比较状语从句 asas, soas, than, etc. 方式状语从句 as, as if, as though, etc
19、. 宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said （that） he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know （that）she is seriously ill.I am sure （that） he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why,
20、how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who（whom）they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if（whether）he lives there. He asked me wh
21、ether（if）I could help him.【宾语从句歌诀】宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。【歌诀解码】一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如 We knew（that）we should learn from each other.2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从
22、句。如 Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office? 二、三关1. 引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如： He is an ho
23、nest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when he left.3. 时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I have heard（that）he will come back next we
24、ek.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife?” He asked me. He
25、asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me.He asked me if I know her telephone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know? Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?
26、 四、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow, I wont come.（时间状语从句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） 五、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet was lying on the ground.She found the
27、 wallet lying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station? Ca
28、n you tell me how to get to the station?【中考范例】1. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived （北京市中考试题）【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。2. Would you please tell me _? （上海市徐汇区中考试题） A. when did he come home B. whe
29、re he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave （哈尔滨市中考试题） 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只
30、有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4. -We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden. （常州市中考试题） A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。状语从句专练练习一 一. 单项填空 1. _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy
31、bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So 2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us? -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and cant swim, the dolphins may come up _ him. A. will
32、 fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping 4. I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who5. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming 6. The police asked the children
33、_ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. dont; when C. not to; until D. not; after 7. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because 8. Ill go swimming with you if I _ free tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C
34、. am D. was 9. In the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less10. You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play. A. before B. after C. when D. while 11. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.
35、A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless 12. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though 13. The teacher raised his voice _ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order 14. He took off his coat _ he felt hot
36、. A. because B. as C. if D. since 15. It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk. A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day16. Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very 17. _ I felt very tired, I tried to finish t
37、he work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if 18. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 19. _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully. A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment 20. Write to me as soon as you _ to Beijing. A. will get B. g
38、et C. getting D. got 二. 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子 1. 不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。 I am not angry with him, _ _ _ jokes he _ on me. 2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。 Mrs. Bruce was _ kind to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try our best.
39、 4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai. 5. 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。 The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has kept practicing for two years. 6. 虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。 _ _ _ _, she kept on learning English by herself. 7. 他长大后相当一名记者。 He wants to be a journa
40、list _ _ _ _. 8. 无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。 _ _ windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school. 9. 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。 _ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. 10. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。 Li Ming didnt come to school _ _ _ _. 练习二 1 The meeting didn
41、t start_ everyone was there. A. because B. until C. why D. if 2 The boy _ to bed _ his mother came in. A. went not; until B. didnt go; after C. went; until D. didnt go; until 3 I wont believe you_ I have seen it with my own eyes. A. before B. until C. after D. when 4 He _ home _ she was satisfied _
42、his answer yesterday. A. didnt go; until; with B. wasnt go; after; to C. doesnt go; before; with D. didnt go; until; to 5 He _ back until the work _ done. A. isnt; will be B. isnt; is C. wont be; will be D. wont be; is 6 They didnt start the work _ their teacher came back. A. until B. while C. as so
43、on as D. if 7. Tom will call me as soon as he _ Shanghai. A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to 8. Im sure hell come to see me before he _ Beijing. A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves 9. I will tell him the news as soon as he_ back. A. come B. comes C. will come D. came 10. Tom has got a watch. He _ it for two years. It _by his father. A. has bought; was bought B. has got; is bought C. was bought