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1、1.erecta. 竖直的v. 建造，竖立She held her head erect and her back straight.她昂着头，把背挺得笔直。They plan to erect an apartment house on that property.他们计划在那片地产上建造一座公寓楼。2.faxn. /vt. 传真We receive a fax of the order this morning.我们今天上午收到一份传真订单。My secretary will fax all my travel plans.我的秘书会传真给你我的所有行程。3.fertilea. 肥沃的；多
2、产的There are fertile fields in the Nile Delta.尼罗河三角洲土地肥沃。4.fertilizern. 肥料The stalks will rot and make good fertilizer.杆儿腐烂后会成为很好的肥料。5.gratefula. 感激的These refugees are very grateful to the governments succor.这些难民非常感激政府的救援。6.gratituden. 感激His heart overflowed with gratitude.他的心里充满了感激之情。7.horrorn. 恐怖He
3、 was filled with horror at the bad news.听到这个坏消息，他心里充满恐怖。8.horriblea. 可怕的The sight of the battlefield was horrible.战场的情景令人毛骨悚然。9.Internetn. 国际互联网，因特网Internet plays a very important role in modern life.互联网在现代生活中发挥非常重要的作用。10.interpretv. 翻译，解释To interpret at the UN is a difficult task.在联合国做口译是件难度很大的差事.S
4、he interprets his silence as arrogance.1.appointvt. 任命，委派As a top manager, he should appoint none but people on their merit.作为一位总经理，他应该任人为贤。We must appoint a new teacher soon.我们必须尽快委派一个新教师。2.approachv. 靠近，接近 n. 途径，方式He still had not the courage to approach her.他仍没有勇气靠近她。Such people as are friendly a
5、re easy to approach.亲切之人容易接近。Narration should become a basic approach topreschooleducation.叙事应是幼儿教育的基本途径。I like her approach to the problem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。3.appropriatea. 适当的You will be informed of the details at the appropriate time.在适当的时候将把详情告诉你。4.bunchn. 群，伙；束，串I bought a bunch of grapes.我买了一串葡萄。H
6、e gave a bunch of flowers to his girlfriend.他送给女友一束花。He goes round with a bunch of thugs.他经常和一帮流氓厮混。5.bundlen. 捆，包，束 vt. 收集，归拢He collected a bundle of sticks.他收集了一捆树枝。On the table there is a bundle of flower.桌子上有一束花。My uncle sent me a large bundle on my birthday.我生日时叔父给我寄来一个大包裹。I tried to bundle it
7、into a bag.我试图把它收到一只袋子里。6.ceremonyn. 典礼，仪式The marriage ceremony took place in the church.婚礼在教堂举行。What the old headmaster said at the graduation ceremony dwells in my mind.老校长在毕业典礼上讲的话一直留在我的脑海里。7.chaosn. 混乱，紊乱The wintry weather has caused chaos on the roads.因风雪交加,道路上混乱不堪。8.discountn. （价格）折扣These good
8、s will be sold at a discount.这些货物将减价出售。9.displayn. /vt. 陈列，展览The bottles of whisky on display are all dummies.所陈列的威士忌酒都是假的。There will be a display of bronze statuary in this museum next week.下星期这个博物馆将举办一个青铜雕塑作品展览。10.equivalenta. 相等的 n. 相等物Changing his job like that is equivalent to giving him the sa
9、ck.那样调换他的工作等于是解雇了他。Is there a French word that is the exact equivalent of the English word home?1.nucleara. 核子的，核能的nuclear energy 核能 nuclear reactor 核反应堆 nuclear (power) plant 核电厂 nuclear weapon 核武器nuclear-free 无核的 nuclear family 核心家庭；小家庭（只有父母和子女组成的家庭）After the earthquake in March, Japanese regard n
10、uclear plants as potential threat.自从三月份大地震后，日本人一直把核电站视作潜在威胁。2.nucleusn. 核；核心；原子核nucleus复数形式为nuclei。earth nucleus 地核 cell nucleus 细胞核This skyscraper is the nucleus of the CBD.这座摩天大楼是整个中央商务区的中心。3.retailn. /v. /ad. 零售retail反义词为wholesale，表示批发。retailer 零售商retail price 零售价 retail dealer 零售商 retail commerc
11、e 零售商业 retail store 零售店retail不仅可作名词，也可作副词，by retail 零售 retail作动词时表示以（某价格）零售（某物），通常表达为retail sth. at /for sth.It is reported that they retail the cigars at $120.据报道，他们将这批雪茄以120美元的零售价售出。4.retainvt. 保留，保持表示保留、保持的常见词还有keep、reserve、withhold等。它们的区别如下：keep 普通用词，指指使继续下去使较长时期地置于不脱离控制、掌握、照料或变化之下。reserve 储备，保留
12、(+for)，指为了将来的某用途而保留、保存。withhold 指扣住不放，含有暗中阻碍的意思。maintain 英文解释为keep sth. in existence at the same level, standard. 即维持（已有的水平、标准），如maintain prices 保持价格稳定This cloth retains its color though it has been washed for several times.虽然洗过好几次，但这布不褪色。5.restrictvt. 限制，约束restrict sb. /sth. (to sth) 限制或约束某人/某物 res
13、tricted adj. 有限制的，受约束的表示限制的词还有confine、limit，它们的区别如下：restrict 指把物或人限制在某一范围内。confine 特别指不可逾越的限制，其内涵是“约束”“束缚”，有时暗指监禁、空间束缚。limit 普通用词，指时、空、程度、量等方面的“限定”，其内涵是如果超出了这种限度就会受罚或遭到令人不快的后果；此外，这个词也常用来表示“局限”The speed is restricted to 40m/h here.这里限速40公里每小时。6.sponsorn. 发起者，主办者，赞助商 vt. 发起，主办，资助He is looking for spon
14、sors to support his plan.他在四处寻求赞助商支持他的这项计划。7.spurn.刺激，激励；支线 vt.刺激，激励the spur of poverty 穷则思变 a spur road 岔道Soemtimes, competition is a spur to success.有时候，竞争是刺激成功的重大动力。8.triumphn. 胜利，成功triumph over sb. /sth. 获得成功或胜利triumph 指凯旋或胜利的辉煌与彻底。victory 普通用词，指在竞争、比赛中获得胜利。conquest 指获得胜利，或征服敌人、对手，含有将摆着置于控制之下的意思
15、。The triumph of Japanese women football team over The U.S.A surprised the world.日本女足队战胜美国队让全世界都很惊讶。9.tuitionn. 学费My parents made great effort to afford my tuition.父母为了支付我的学费做了很多努力。10.twistvt. 使缠绕；转动；扭歪 She had a terrible nightmare in which she was twisted by a huge snake.她做了一个很恐怖的噩梦，梦见自己被一条巨蛇缠住。1.ap
16、proximatea. 大概的，大约 v. 近似He spent approximate two hours searching the photo.他用了大约两小时来寻找这张照片.Production costs approximate to $100,000 .生产成本接近十万美元。2.arbitrarya. 随意的，武断的My choice was quite arbitrary.我的选择相当随意。This is an arbitrary decision.这是个武断的决定。3.architectn. 建筑师The author of the guidebook is an archit
17、ect by profession.该旅行指南的作者任职建筑师。4.architecturen. 建筑学He obtained a diploma in architecture.他获得了建筑学的学位证书。5.biologyn. 生物学He specializes biology.他主修生物学。6.geographyn. 地理（学）Hows the new geography teacher?新的地理老师怎么样？7.geologyn. 地质学Mineralogy is a brand of the great earth science geology.矿物学是大地科学地质学的一个分支。8.g
18、eometryn. 几何（学）I feel that geometry is a difficult subject.我认为几何是一门难学的课程。9.arithmeticn. 算术Im good at history but not so hot at arithmetic.我的历史成绩不错，但算术不太好。10.algebran. 代数The boy cant figure out the algebra problems.这个男孩做不出这道代数题。.odda. 奇特的，古怪的；奇数的Its very odd that she didnt reply to our letter.她没有回我们的
19、信是件很奇怪的事。1,3, 5 and 7 are odd numbers.1,3, 5 和7 是奇数。2.omitvt. 省略In writing telegrams omit superfluous words.写电报稿要省去不必要的文字。3.opponentn. 敌手，对手He was assailed by his political opponent.他遭到政敌的攻击。He is slashing wildly at his opponent with a sword.他正用剑疯狂地朝对手乱砍。4.opportunityn. 机会，时机You must grasp this oppo
20、rtunity.你必须抓住机会。The opportunity has not yet arrived.时机尚未成熟。5.orchestran. 管弦乐队词义辨析：orchestra, bandorchestra: 指规模大、最为完整的交响乐队，可演奏各种不同音乐，一般由弦乐、木管乐、铜管乐和打击乐所组成。band: 指主要由铜管乐、木管乐和打击乐所组成的乐队，主要演奏轻音乐和流行乐曲，与orchestra的主区别在于没有弦乐。The orchestra has several concert engagements.这管弦乐队已安排好几场音乐会。6.semestern. 学期；半年词义辨析：
21、term, semesterterm: term多用于英国。semester: 主要在美国、德国使用。This semester will be my last one in this university.这个学期将是我在这所大学的最后一学期了。7.semiconductorn. 半导体This is a semiconductor integrated circuit.这是一个半导体集成电路。8.seminarn. 研讨会The old professor had presided over a seminar fortheoreticalphysicists.老教授主持了一次理论物理学家
22、的研讨会。9.terminala. 末端的，极限的 n. 终点From the terminal building Keycase returned to the parking lot.奇开斯从终点大楼回到停车。Ill keep with you to the bus terminal.我陪你到公共汽车终点站。10.territoryn. 领土Angolawas once a Portuguese territory.安哥拉曾经是葡萄牙的领土。1.priora. 优先的，在前的词义辨析：previous, foregoing,preceding, prior, formerprevious:
23、 指时间上、顺序上较早的，或指正在谈论的某事的前一个。foregoing: 指前所述的，是following的反义词。preceding: 特指时间和地位上紧接在前。prior: 与previous同义，常可换用，但prior有时强调更大的重要性，对比意味强。former: 系latter的反义词，比prior更着重对比。He feels a prior obligation to his job as a journalist.他觉得要优先为他的新闻记者的工作尽职。The offer is subject to prior sale.该报盘以未售出前为准。2.priorityn. 优先，重点
24、Efficiency does not always have priority.效率不一定总是优先。You must decide what your priorities are.你应该分清轻重缓急。3.prohibitvt. 禁止，不准Smoking is prohibited here.这里禁止吸烟。4.remarkablea. 值得注意的，异常的，非凡的The changes taking place in China is remarkable.中国发生的变化是值得注意的。These trees attain to remarkable height.这些树木长到异常的高度。He
25、showed remarkable courage when he faced the danger.他在面对危险的时候表现出非凡的勇气。5.remedyn. /vt. 补救，医治，治疗Warmth is the best remedy for colds.热疗是治感冒的最好方法。The mistake is beyond remedy.这个错误是无法补救的。Aspirin may remedy a headache.阿斯匹林可治头痛。6.repetitionn. 重复，反复We must avoid the repetition of a mistake.我们必须避免犯同样的错误。7.vai
26、na. 徒劳的，无效的All his fathers exhortations were in vain.他父亲的一切劝告都无效。We tried in vain to make him change his mind.我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。8.undertakevt. 承担，着手做；同意，答应We could undertake the work for the time being.我们可暂时承担这项工作。Whatever I may undertake in the coming years, I dont need your help.未来无论我从事什么,我都不需要你的帮
27、助。He undertook to finish the job by Friday.他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。9.uniquea. 唯一的，独特的He occupies a unique place in English literature.他在英国文学中占有独特的地位。Its a unique work of art.这是独一无二的艺术作品。10.obstaclen. 障碍（物），妨碍Lack of education is an obstacle of success.1.awardvt. 授予，判给 n. 奖品，奖金The university awarded him an ho
28、norary degree.这所大学授给他名誉学位。The judge awarded costs to the defendant.法官判由原告向被告支付诉讼费。It is the highest award a producer can receive.这是一个制作人所能获得的最高奖项。2.awarea. 意识到Then he became aware that they were regarding him with interest.这时,他意识到他们都在饶有兴趣地看着他。3.columnn. 柱，圆柱；栏，专栏The column is surmounted by a statue.
29、柱顶上树立了一尊雕像。The temple is supported by massive columns.此庙由粗大的柱子支撑。And in this column, you write down everything in the parcel.在这一栏里,您要写上包裹里每一件东西。He used to write a column for this newspaper.他过去曾为这家报纸写专栏文章。edyn. 喜剧（反义词：tragedy）This comedy has had them rolling in the aisles for two weeks.这出喜剧让观众们连续两个星期
30、乐得前仰后合。5.dumba. 哑的；沉默的Shes been dumb from birth.她生来就是哑巴。We were struck dumb with horror and grief.惊恐和忧伤使我们哑口无言。6.dumpvt. 倾卸，倾倒Some people just dump their rubbish in the river.有些人径直往河里倒垃圾。7.deafa. 聋的；不愿听的Hes a deaf mute and cannot tell anyone secret.他是个聋哑人，不会把他们的秘密告诉任何人。He is always deaf to his teach
31、ers advice.他总是对他老师的忠告充耳不闻。8.decoratevt. 装饰，装潢We decorated the house for Christmas.我们装饰房屋过圣诞节。The house was empty and easy to decorate.房子是空的，装修起来很容易。9.principala. 最重要的 n. 负责人，校长My principal concern is my familys welfare.我至为关心的是我一家的幸福。When I came into the office, the principal rose to welcome me.当我走进办
32、公室时,校长起身欢迎我。10.principlen. 原则，原理Archimedes ,a great physicist ,discovered the principle of floating bodies .阿基米德，一位伟大的物理学家，发现了浮体原理。We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly.我们坚持人人都应该被平等对待这一原则。1.attachvt. 系，贴；使附属Please attach labels to all your bags.请你把所有的包上都系上标签。Please attach
33、 your Bank Deposit Slip on the blank area.请空白处贴上银行存款通知书。Did you attach your photo to your application form?你的申请表格上有附上你的照片吗？2.profitn. 利润，益处；v. 有益于，有利于词义辨析：advantage, benefit, interest, favour, profit, gainadvantage: 指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以及对方弱点而获得利益与好处benefit: 普通用词，指通过正当手段从物质或精神方面得到的任何好处或利益interest: 作“利益”解时
34、，多用复数形式，既可指集团、群体的利益，又可指个人的利益favour: 指在竞争中获得的advantage，也可指狭隘的个人利益profit: 着重收益，尤指从物质、钱财等方面获得的利益gain: 指获得的物质利益，也暗示不损坏他人利益而得的无形好处There is very little profit in selling newspapers at present.现在卖报纸利润很少。It is well known that fake and inferior commodities do harm to the profit of consumers.众所周知,假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者
35、的利益。We profit from the work of the specialist.我们从专家的工作中得到益处。Knowing what you know and profit from it.知道自己知道什么,并从中获利。3.profitablea. 有利可图的The signs bid fair for a profitable deal.迹象表明可能是一笔有利可图的买卖。4.slopen. 斜坡，斜面There is always a certain slope in a ships deck.船的甲板总有几分倾斜。5.reinforcevt. 增强，加强Any good spe
36、aker should be able to reinforce his argument with facts.一个好的演讲者会用事实来加强他论点。Public reaction will reinforce it.社会反响会进一步增强它的作用。6.rejectvt. 拒绝词义辨析：refuse, decline, reject, repel, denyrefuse: 语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝decline: 指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等reject: 多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝，与之相近的是spurn，鄙弃之意repel: 作“拒绝”解时，语气比r
37、eject强deny: 指否认（观点）He rejected their offer of a job.他拒绝了他们给他的工作。7.fatala. 致命的；重大的There is a fatal flaw in the plan.计划中有一个致命的缺陷。8.faten. 命运Are we the puppets of fate?我们是听任命运摆布的傀儡吗？9.humblea. 谦逊的；谦虚的Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud.博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。10.illegala. 不合法的，非法的The jewellery firm is
38、just a front for their illegal trade in diamonds.该珠宝公司不过是进行非法的钻石交易的幌子。Their speculative buying of grain is illegal.他们投机购买谷物是不合法的。1.releasevt. /n. 释放，排放；解释解脱The prisoner was questioned before his release.囚犯被释放之前受到了审问。The puffball is ready to release its spores.尘菌已经要释放孢子了。2.exaggeratev. 夸大，夸张The serio
39、usness of the situation has been much exaggerated by the press.形势的严重性被报纸夸大了。3.evila. 邪恶的，坏的The book gives, as it were, a picture of the evil old society.这本书可谓是展现过去那个邪恶社会的图画。4.shrinkvi. 起皱，收缩；退缩Will this woolen sweater shrink when washed?这件羊毛衫洗后会缩水吗？We will never shrink from difficulties.我们在困难面前决不退缩。
40、5.subtractv. 减（去）Please subtract a quarter of the money for your own use.请扣除四分之一的钱由你自己支配使用。6.suburbn. 市郊The factory is located in the suburb.那家工厂坐落于郊区。7.subwayn. 地铁I want to get there by subway.我想乘地铁去那儿。8.surveyn. /vt. 调查，勘测A recent survey of public opinions shows that most people are worried about
41、the increasing crime.一份最近的民意调查表明,大多数人对不断增长的犯罪率表示忧虑。They surveyed the damage inflicted by the storm.他们调查了暴风雨造成的损失。9.wealthya. 富裕的Shes an attractive woman, and wealthy to boot.她是个很有魅力的女人，而且很富有。10.adjustv. 调整，调节Could you teach me how to adjust theirisof the camera?你能教我怎么调照相机的光圈吗？1.avenuen. 林荫道，大街He sta
42、nds on the corner of a wide avenue.他站在宽阔的林荫道的角落里。The avenue was crowded with people.大街上挤满了人。2.availablea. 现成可用的；可得到的Approval of the plan presupposes that the money will be made available.批准该计划先要有可用的资金。All sorts of lamps are available in that shop.在那家商店可买到各式各样的灯具。parablea. (with, to) 可比较的，类似的Your ach
43、ievements are comparable with his.你的成绩可与他的相媲美。No one can be comparable to him.无人能比得上他。parativea. 比较的，相对的He majored in comparative literature.他的专业是比较文学。The expedition was a comparative success.那次探险相当成功。5.dashvi. 猛冲，飞奔He dashed across the street and ran towards me.他冲过马路，向我跑过来。6.datan. 数据，资料The data sh
44、ould be updated once a week.这些数据应该每星期更新一次。The data is still being analyzed.资料仍在分析中。7.divevi. 跳水，潜水He dived from the bridge and rescued the drowning child.他从桥上跳入水中，救起溺水的孩子。8.diversea. 不同的，多种多样的They are the people from diverse cultures.他们是些有着不同文化背景的人。The program deals with subjects as diverse as pop m
45、usic and Beijing Opera.节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材。9.entitlevt. 给.权利，给.资格Your qualifications entitle you to a higher salary.你的资格使你有权享有较高的薪水。10.regulatevt. 管理，调节Accidents sometimes happen even in the best regulated families.即便是在管理最好的家庭，事故有时也会发生的。Regretfully, we cant regulate the irregular liner on the gulf.遗憾的是我们不能调整海湾上不定期的班船。1.vivida. 生动的Dickensnovels are full of vivid characterization.狄更斯的小说中充满了栩栩如生的人物形象。2.vocabularyn. 词汇（量）；词汇表He has an extensive vocabulary.他词汇很丰富。You can look up this word in the vocabulary.你可以在词汇表里查这个词。3.venturen. 风险投资，