《China Culture：Calligraphy中國書法藝術.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《China Culture：Calligraphy中國書法藝術.docx（2页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、China Culture：Calligraphy中國書法藝術Calligraphy has traditionally been regarded as Chinas highest form of visual art - to the point that a persons character was judged by the elegance of their handwriting! Decorative calligraphy is found all over China, in temples and adorning the walls of caves and the
2、sides of mountains and monuments. The basic tools of calligraphy - brush and ink - are also the tools of Chinese painting, with linework and tone the all-important components.Despite the ravages of time, war and ideology, theres still a lot to see architecturally. Traces of the past include the impe
3、rial structures of Beijing, the colonial buildings of Shanghai, the occasional rural village and Buddhist, Confucian and Taoist temples. Funerary art was already a feature of Chinese culture in Neolithic times (9000-6000 BC), ranging from ritual vessels and weapons to pottery figures, jade and sacri
4、ficial vessels made of bronze. Earthenware production is almost as ancient, with the worlds first proto-porcelain being produced in China in the 6th century AD, reaching its artistic peak under the Song rulers.Chinas language is officially Mandarin, as spoken in Beijing. The Chinese call it Putonghu
5、a. About 70% of the population speak Mandarin, but thats just the tip of the lingusitic iceberg. The country is awash with dialects, and dialects within dialects - and few of them are mutually intelligible. Of the seven major strains, Cantonese is the one most likely to be spoken in your local Chine
6、se takeaway. Its the lingua franca of Guangdong, southern Guangxi, Hong Kong and (to an extent) Macau.Chinas literary heritage is huge, but unfortunately its untranslatability makes much of it inaccessible to Western readers. Traditionally there are two forms, the classical (largely Confucian) and t
7、he vernacular (such as the prose epics of the Ming dynasty). Chinese theatre is also known as opera because of the important role played by music, and has spawned such diverse arts as acrobatics, martial arts and stylised dance. Many Western film-lovers are fans of Chinese cinema, with releases enjo
8、ying success at film festivals and art-house cinemas. Recently there has been an emergence of talented fifth-generation post-Cultural Revolution directors, including Zhang Yimou (Red Sorghum, Chen Kaige (Farewell, My Concubine), Wu Ziniu and Tian Zhuangzhuang. Add to them Hong Kongs East-meets-West
9、action directors John Woo (Hard Boiled) and Ringo Lam (Full Contact) and you have a full-fledged, extremely successful film industry.Chinese cuisine is justifiably famous, memorably diverse - and generally not for the squeamish. The Chinese themselves like to say theyll eat anything with four legs e
10、xcept a table. For the most part, however, its a case of doing ingenious things with a limited number of basic ingredients. The cuisine can be divided into four regional categories: Beijing/Mandarin and Shandong (with steamed bread and noodles as staples), Cantonese and Chaozhou (lightly cooked meat
11、s and vegetables), Shanghainese (the home of red cooking and wuxi spare ribs) and Sichuan (spicy, with lots of chilli). Tea is the most common nonalcoholic beverage on sale, although Coca-Cola (both original and bogus) is making inroads, while beer is by far the most popular alcoholic drink. Wine is a loose term which can cover oxidised and herb-soaked concoctions, rice wine and wine containing lizards, bees or pickled snakes. Another favourite is maotai, a spirit made from sorghum which smells like rubbing alcohol and makes a good substitute for petrol or paint thinner