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1、 英语阅读理解题的应试技巧 一 教学设计：(一).教材分析：高考英语阅读理解题保持着鲜明的风格，突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际，试卷突出对语言综合应用能力的考查，对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受具体信息的能力也提出了很高的要求，篇章结构复杂。在时空顺序，深层含义和逻辑推理等方面的组篇手段与教材中平铺直叙的课文组篇方式完全不同，复杂的语篇形式与干扰性极强的选项，增加了试题的难度。所选材料题材多样化，特色鲜明，内容涉及科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等各个方面，既有严肃的语言学、心理学话题，又有时尚新鲜的社会热点问题。文章的阅读量大。阅读速度的要求也进一步提高。生词出现率的提高也增强了对语篇理解的挑战性。
2、测试要求广大考生：掌握主旨大意，事实细节；理解具体事实，抽象概念；理解字面意思，深层含义；理解句段与篇章，把握文章脉络，进行推理和判断；领会生词，根据上下文，前后句猜测生词词义。进行图表识别等。其基本题型包括：主旨寓意题；事实细节题；猜测词义题；推理判断题；综合概括题；推断作者意图和逻辑关系分析判断题等。 (二).教学目标： 这一节的公开教学课，通过对2002年和2003年高考英语试卷的评析，对短文阅读题型的归纳，总结，在高考短文阅读方面对学生进行指导，讲授一些基本的解题思路，解题方法与技巧，使学生能进一步掌握一些基本的短文阅读的解题方法与技巧，帮助学生提高在短文阅读方面的解题能力。(三).设
3、计理念： 综合应用“五步教学法”和“任务型教学法”，将课程内容分为：复习(Revision)，呈现(Presentation)，阅读(Reading)和巩固(Consolidation)等几个方面，课程讲授采用师生互动的方式，充分发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用，并应用多媒体教学手段，增加课堂容量，讲清重点和难点，使学生能掌握英语短文阅读的基本题型，一些基本的解题思路与技巧，提高学生英语阅读理解题的解题能力。 (四).教学实录(T the teacher, S 1 a student S 2another student S 3） Step One Revision (复习)1.Duty R
4、eport: ( My School Life )S 1: (略.)T：Good! Thank you！（通过值日生报告，营造英语的学习氛围。）2.Lead-inT: Today we are going to talk about Reading Comprehension. First of all, please answer my questions. T：1).What should we pay attention to while reading the passage ? S: (Six W, One H) (the whole class)（全班）T: 2).What are
5、 they ?S 2: (when, where, who, what, which, why, how)（对英语阅读理解应注意的几个问题进行提问，通过师生问答，既营造了英语课的课堂气氛，又为后面的课堂教学进行了铺垫。）Step Two Presentation (教材呈现) （通过幻灯片的展示及教师的讲解，加深学生对英语阅读理解题的篇章特点，测试要求，基本题型，解题步骤与技巧等方面的理解，为后面学生的自主学习做好准备。）1.Do some simple explanations on Reading Comprehension.T：As we know, Reading Comprehens
6、ion is quite important in the college entrance examination. This period, I would like to give you some advice on how to master the reading skills and how to improve your reading ability. First, lets come to some characts of the passage. 2.Present the main contents.1).Characts of the passage （篇章特点）T:
7、 There are all kinds of material that are closed to our daily life. We must pay attention to the reading speed and the new words.2).Requirements of the examination （测试要求）T: We are required to master the main ideas, the plain facts, the writers opinion or attitude, master the clues of the passage，gue
8、ss the new words and so on.3).Basic Examination Questions（基本题型）T: Would you please give out the basic examination questions in Chinese? S 3 (主旨寓意题，事实细节题，猜测词义题，推理判断题): T: Yes, while reading the passage we must pay attention to all these basic examination questions. Guess the new words by the nearby s
9、entences. Make comparisons and infer the writers implications. 4).Answering Steps and Skills (解题步骤与技巧)Give some advice on how to improve Reading Ability. T: Do fast reading. Get the general idea of the passage, catch the topic sentence, especially the first sentence and the last sentence of the pass
10、age, or the first paragraph and the last paragraph of the passage. Pay attention to Six W One H. Go over all the questions quickly, make the choice, finally check your answers. Usually we can follow these five skills in answering.Step Three Reading (阅读) 分发阅读材料： A.(2003年高考试题C篇)B (2002年高考试题D篇)(要求学生认真阅
11、读，并完成后面的测试题。)1.Ask the students to read Passage A quickly. 2.Now, lets come to Passage A. Read the passage quickly and then finish the exercises. （浅析2003年高考试题C篇）A(2003 年高考试题C 篇)Tales From Animal HospitalDavid Grant David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal hospital. Here D
12、r Grant tells us the very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated, including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess, the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond. He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes
13、his day, from ordinary medical check-ups to surgery(外科手术). Tales From Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whether it be cat, dog or snake! 14.99 Hardback 272pp Simon SchusterISBN0751304417Isaac Newton: The Last SorcererMichael Whi
14、teFrom the author of Stephen Hawking; A Life in Science, comes this colourful description of the life of the worlds first modern scientist. Interesting yet based on fact, Michael Whites learned yet readable new book offers a true picture of Newton completely different from what people commonly know
15、about him. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic(魔术) ended and science began. 18.99 Hardback 320pp Fourth EstateISBN1857024168Fermats Last TheoremSimon SinghIn 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library
16、came across the worlds greatest mathematical problem: Fermats Last Theorem(定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in
17、working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. Through unbelievable determination Andrew Wiles finally worked out the problem in 1995. An unusual story of human effort over three centuries, Fermats Last Theorem will delight specialis
18、ts and general readers alike. 12.99 Hardback 384pp Fourth EstateISBN18570252101).What is Animal Hospital ?A. A news story. B. A popular book.C. A research report. D. A TV programme.2).In Micheal Whites book, Newton is described as _.A.a person who did not look the same as in many picturesB.a person
19、who lived a colourful and meaningful lifeC.a great but not perfect manD.an old-time magician3).Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word“baffle” as it is used in the text?A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an
20、explanation.D.To limit peoples imagination.4).The person who finally proved Fermats Last Theorem is_.A. Simon Singh B. Andrew WilesC. Pierre de Fermat D. a French woman scientist5).What is the purpose of writing these three texts ?A.To make the books easier to read.B.To show the importance of scienc
21、e.C.To introduce new authors.D.To sell the books.（教师讲解，教授解题的方法与技巧。）T：This is an advertisement. First we must catch the information, then make the choice. Dont worry about any new words. Guess the meaning by using the information from nearby sentences. （注意广告类篇章的特点）3. Ask one student to give out the a
22、nswers. （请两个学生分别给出他们的答案，而后核对答案，进行详解，讲清解题思路。）T：Would you please give out the answers?S 4 S 5 Give out their answers （给出他们的答案）4. Check the answers. ( D.C.B.B.D.)5. Do some simple explanations on this passage.6.Train of Thought （解题思路）1). D.推理判断题。 The first passage is the brief introduction to Tales Fro
23、m Animal Hospital From the two sentences David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital.和 Tales From Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme .we can see, Animal Hospital is the name of the TV programme, Tales From Animal Hospital is the name of the book.
24、2). C.细节理解题。The second passage is a brief introduction to the book. From the sentence Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses. we can see the writer described Newton as a great but not perfect man.3). B.猜测词义题。From the sentence .the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest m
25、athematical minds. ( 这个定理难倒了最有数学才智的人。) we can see there are two compound Past Partciples, they express the same meaning. “ beat”本意“打败，战胜”（在该句中意为“使无法解答，难倒”），就可猜出baffle在该句中的意义,“be too difficult for sb. to understand”“prevent sb. from doing sth.”4). B.综合分析判断题。第三篇短文对法国数学家的定理进行了简介。The school boy came acr
26、oss the greatest problem and finally he worked out the problem in 1995.5).D. 判断作者写作意图。 These three passages are brief introductions to three books. We can guess here the the w writers purpose is to sell the books. Step Four Consolidation (巩固)1. Ask the students to read Passage B attentively. Try to
27、find out the clues of the passage, and the main subject of the Passage. B(2002 年高考试题D 篇)Treasure hunts (寻宝)have excited peoples imagination for hundreds of years both in real life and in books such as Robert Louis Stevensons Treasure Island. Kit Williams, a modern writer, had the idea of combining t
28、he real excitement of a treasure hunt with clues (线索) found in a book when he wrote a childrens story, Masquerade, in 1979. The book was about a hare, and a month before it came out Williams buried a gold hare in a park in Bedfordshire. The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find
29、 the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.Ken Roberts, the man who found the hare, had been looking for it for nearly two years. Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time, he found it by logic (逻辑), not by luck. His success came f
30、rom the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start. He had realized that the words:“One of Six to Eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry s six wives. Even here, however, Williams had succeeded in misleading him
31、. Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there. He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedfordshire,
32、 and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.Even then his search had not come to an
33、 end. It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there. Williams encouraged him to continue, and on February 24th 1982, he found the treasure. It was worth 3000 in the beginning, but the excit
34、ement it had caused since its burial made it much more valuable.1).The underlined word “them” (paragraph 1) refers to _.A. red herrings B.treasure huntsC. Henry s six wives D.readers of Masquerade2).What is the most important clue in the story to help Ken Roberts find the hare?A.Two stone crosses in
35、 Ampthill. B.Stevensons Treasure Island.C.Katherine of Aragon. D.Williams hometown.3).The stone crosses in Ampthill were built_.A. to tell about what happened in 1773B. to show respect for Henry s first wifeC. to serve as a roadsign in Ampthill ParkD. to inform people where the gold hare was4). Whic
36、h of the following describes Roberts logic in searching for the hare ?a.Henry s six wives.b. Katherines burial place at Kimbolton.c. Williams childhood in Ampthill.d. Katherine of Aragon.e.stone crosses in Ampthill Park.A. abced B. dbcea C. adbce D. baecd5).What is the subject discussed in the text
37、?A. An exciting historical event. B. A modern treasure hunt.C. The attraction of Masquerade. D. The importance of logical thinking.2. Ask one student to point out the clues of the passage. S 6（请一个学生指出文章的线索） S 7 (请另一个学生进行补充) （通过学生的活动，调动他们参加课堂活动的积极性。）3. Ask another two students to give out their answe
38、rsS 8.S 9. (再请两个学生分别给出他们的答案)4. Check the answers.(D.C.B.C.B.)5. Do some explanations on the passage.6.Train of Thought（解题思路）这是一篇推理故事，前后联系紧密，细节环环相扣，结构严谨，first we must grasp the clues of the passage.1).D. 猜测词义题。From the sentence The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare,
39、 but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them. 必须推断出“mislead”, 误导。“red herrings”means “the fact that leads attention away from the matter being considered.”转移注意力的事情。2).C.推理判断题。对逻缉推理能力要求比较高，设置了四个本身都能成立的选项。解题时可以这样考虑：B 项离主题稍远，可先行排除。第二段中可将One of Six to Eight 这一重要指导寻宝的暗示语与
40、the first of Herry VIIIs six wives联系起来。3).B.细节理解题。From the sentence that they had been built in her honor in 1773. we can find the answer.4).C.逻缉关系分析判断题。考查寻宝的逻缉思维顺序，必须通过排查，仔细分析综合，才能正确排序。5).B.主旨大意分析题。（通过幻灯展示下列图表）文章主题，必须多层次，多角度地搜寻有效信息，理清关系，聚焦中心，才能正确解题。先排除A 项，因为寻宝并非属重大历史事件。再排除 C 项，文中没有涉及这本书对人们的吸引力。最后再排
41、除 D 项，因为文中并未对逻缉思维的重要性进行理论上的阐述。只是叙述了一个作者Williams与1979年写了一本书（宝物小金兔是作者埋葬的，所以他在自己的著作中给了人们一些真实的和一些误导性的线索）Roberts通过去伪存真，反复实践与思考的过程，于1982年发现了这一宝物，我们可以从故事发展的多种信息中演绎出文章的主题“现代寻宝”。Homework 1.Go over what we have learnt today.2.Finish Passage C after class.3.Do 2004“3+X ” Page 1111-116 Unit Four A-E(五)教学反思： 在高三
42、毕业班开英语公开教学课对师生双方来说都是一种负担，忙于准备参加高考的高三学生不象非毕业班的学生那样活跃，总认为开公开课占用了大家宝贵的学习时间。为了使这一堂公开教学课既能针对高三毕业班学生的特点，又能对学生参加高考有所帮助，最后选定了阅读理解题的应试技巧，结合对2002年和2003年高考题型的评析，在英语公开课教学方面做了一些尝试，改变了以往英语公开课就是表演课的误解。这一课题以前没有人开过，在备课过程中没有现成的材料可供参考，只有自己多花时间备课。通过这一节公开教学课的备课，使我有机会接触到新的英语教学理念，学到了一些新的英语教学技巧与技能，并能独立制作上课用的多媒体课件，增加了课堂教学的容
43、量。通过开课前的大量教学准备工作，真正做到了“三多一少”，即教师投入的时间最多，收获也是最多的，学生能在较少的时间内掌握较多的知识，提高了学生英语阅读理解题的解题能力。(六).公开课点评：1 在高三英语总复习阶段能针对历来高考英语中分值最大，考生失分最多的题型“阅读理解”进行解题思路和技巧的指导，可见选题准确，切合教学实际，针对性强，有指导意义。2 公开课能就“阅读理解”命题文章的主要类型进行罗列，比较和归纳，其中尤其对猜词义、找信息，分析中心意思，推导文章题目等方面进行讲练结合，提高学生的理解能力，达到触类旁通的效果。3 公开课能运用多媒体教学手段，做到了课堂容量大，类比醒目，既有全面归纳，又突出了重点难点，教学效果显而易见。4 如果能就如何处理在阅读过程中出现的生词，以便加快阅读的速度这点上对学生加以点拨，该公开课将更为圆满。 英语教研组13