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1、1.文化absorb its essence and resist its dark side取其精华，去其糟粕astrology占星术Buddhism佛家Confucianism儒家DaoismTaoism道家mahjong麻将cross talk相声Chinese calligraphy中国书法Chinese traditional painting国画cloisonne景泰蓝瓷器Peking Opera京剧porcelain and pottery陶瓷firecracker鞭炮 fireworks烟花four treasures of study文房四宝paper cuttingpape
2、r-cut culture剪纸buffet service自助餐comedy喜剧；tragedy悲剧traditional Chinese culture传统中国文化cultural differences文化差异cultural exchanges文化交流cross-cultural communication跨文化交流cultural backgroundcultural setting文化背景cultural feast文化盛宴cultural blendingintegration文化融合cultural traditions文化传统mainstream culture主流文化the
3、cradle of culture 文化摇篮culture birthplace文化发源地foreign culturealien culture外来文化cultural diversity文化多元化promote cultural development positively积极促进文化发展multi-cultures，pluralistic cultures多元文化the co-existence of multi-culture 多元文化并存the Double Ninth Festival重阳节the Dragon Boat Festival端午节the Mid-Autumn Day中
4、秋节human civilization人类文明spiritual civilizationwealth精神文明财富intellectual food精神食粮idol worship偶像崇拜money worship拜金主义information era信息时代groupintegrate buyingpurchase团购moral values道德价值professional ethics职业道德outlook on values价值观world outlook世界观New York Times纽约时报China Daily中国日报Kung Fu novel武侠小说interpretatio
5、n of classics解读经典four major classical novels四大名著Outlaws of the Marsh水浒传Journey to the West西游记Romance of Three Kingdoms三国演义A Dream in Red Mansions红楼梦people-oriented以人为本protect intellectual property保护知识产权splendid and glorious cultural heritagelegacyrelics辉煌灿烂的文化遗产stimulate ones interest激发兴趣table manne
6、rs就餐礼仪deep-rooted notion根深蒂固的观念in a given historical context在一定的历史条件下under such circumstances在这种特定条件下modern school of thought现代思潮2.教育input in education教育投入guideline(s) / guiding principle(s)for education教育方针 to combine ability with character德才兼备to become educated through independent study自学成才to fost
7、er the students ability to study on their own培养学生自学能力to give scope to the students initiative and creativeness发挥学生主动性、创造性cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems independently培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力tap ones potential开发潜能teach students according to their aptitude因材施教students union / asso
8、ciation; student union / association学生会academic record; school record; academic performance学习成绩to go to a school of a higher grade ; to enter a higher school升学proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade升学率scholarship/fellowship奖学金(state)stipend / subsidy（国家）助学金assistantship助学金academic
9、atmosphere学习氛围academic activity学术活动broaden ones horizon开阔眼界College English Test Band 6大学英语六级考试College Entrance Examination高考collegeuniversity students大学生collegeuniversity graduates大学毕业生pupil / student in senior grades高年级学生lower grade pupil / student; pupil / student in junior grades低年级学生graduate stu
10、dent ; postgraduate研究生graduating student / pupil; this years graduates应届毕业生education of higher learning/higher education高等教育required / compulsory course必修课elective / optional course选修课specialized course专业课educational background学历exam-oriented education应试教育compulsory education义务教育quality-orientededuc
11、ation素质教育elicitation method(of teaching) 启发式cramming method of teaching填鸭式教学法era of knowledge explosion知识爆炸时代excellent leader优秀干部excellent League Member优秀团员go abroad for further studies出国深造guidelines for education教育方针lifelong education终身教育acquire degree获得学位Bachelor学士 bachelors degree学士学位Master硕士mast
12、ers degree硕士学位post doctorate博士后Doctor of Philosophy哲学博士 doctors degree博士学位Master of Arts文学硕士Master of Science理学硕士obtain the first-grade scholarship获一等奖学金practical skills实践用技能psychological quality心理素质puppy love早恋read between the lines体会言外之意arts文科 arts degree文科文凭science理科science degree理科文凭separation b
13、etween liberal arts and science文理分科take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools硕士研究生入学考试the craze for graduate school考研热college entrance examination高考theoretical knowledge理论知识top student(honor student)优秀学生tuition学费 credit学分tuition fees and other expenses学杂费primary / elementary school小学se
14、condary school中学junior high school初中senior high school高中private school私立学校public school公立学院university综合性大学prestigiouselite school名校work-study program勤工俭学concentration of brain power/knowledge-intensive adj. 智力密集型3.科技multimedia多媒体artificial intelligence人工智能artificial satellite人造卫星CPU(Central Process
15、Unit)中央处理器genetic engineering基因工程high-tech products高科技产品Shenzhen VI spacecraft神舟六号Silicon Valley硅谷three-dimensional animation/movie三维动画片/电影informationrevolution信息革命informationexplosion信息爆炸Internet-based education在线教学keep up with the time与时俱进front-line sciences前沿科学superstition迷信junk message垃圾短信pirate
16、 VCD盗版VCDthe pervasive advertisements on TV电视广告泛滥protect intellectual property保护知识产权4.网络broadbandnetworks宽带网micro blog微博net friend网友making friends online网上交友E-business电子商务online shopping网上购物online trading platform网上交易平台virtual reality虚拟现实virtual net虚拟网hacker黑客web addiction沉溺于网络online gossip网络谣言compu
17、ter virus电脑病毒cybercrime网络犯罪5.经济actively cultivate new points of economic growth积极培育新的经济增长点curb the inflation遏制通货膨胀comprehensive national strength综合国力improve the overall national strength提高综合国力crack down on counterfeit goods打假develop rising and high-tech industries发展新兴产业和高技术产业improve the industrial p
18、attern and product mix改进产业结构和产品结构distribution according to ones performance按劳分配foster integration with the global economy促进全球经济一体化guide rational consumption引导合理消费economic restructuring经济体制改革seize the opportunity抓住机遇shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从粗放经济转变为集约经济stimulate domestic deman
19、d刺激内需upgrading of industries产业的升级换代an economic and technological development zone经济技术开发区economic globalization经济全球化extensive management粗放式管理famous-brand products; brand-named products名牌产品financial crisis金融危机financial institutions金融机构foreign-owned enterprises外资企业private enterprises私人企业all economic de
20、pression经济萎缩an economic takeoff经济起飞an economic boom经济兴旺bubble economy泡沫经济overseas investment外资sustainable development可持续发展take economic construction as the central task以经济建设为中心the globalization trend in economic development经济发展全球化的趋势technology-intensivelabor-intensivecapital-intensiveknowledge-inten
21、sive industries技术劳动资本知识密集型产业the personnel market人才市场the primarysecondarytertiary industry第一第二/第三产业Shanghai Securities Exchange上海证券交易所transnational corporation跨国公司urban planning城市规划West Development西部大开发competitive spirit竞争意识intellectual property rights知识产权fundamental realities of the country基本国情GDP(G
22、ross Domestic Product)国内生产总值GNP(Gross National Product)国民生产总值6.体育amateur业余运动员，爱好者an unexpected winner；dark horse冷门，黑马host nation东道国7.卫生urgent rescue紧急救护blood donators献血者health concern健康问题incurable disease不治之症infectious disease传染病bird flu禽流感influenza流行性感冒cancer癌症pestis鼠疫cholera霍乱mentaldisease精神病menta
23、lpsychological healthfitness心理健康depression抑郁症heartdisease心脏病phthisis肺结核chronic disease慢性病department of internal medicine内科doctor of traditional Chinese medicine中医ENT(ear-nose-throat)doctor耳鼻喉科医生go on a diet减肥节食health-care food保健食品junk food垃圾食品malignant tumor恶性肿瘤medical instruments医疗器械medical insuran
24、ce医疗保险medical personnel医务人员Ministry of Public Health卫生部promote physical culture and build up the peoples health发展体育运动，增强人民体质provide medical services提供医疗服务sub-health亚健康traditional Chinese medicine中药well-balanced diet均衡饮食8.生活a labor fair；a job fair劳务招聘会medical services at state expense公费医疗non-returnab
25、le container一次性包装throw-away chopsticks一次性筷子tighten ones belt勒紧腰带度日offer ones seat to elders给老人让座prime time黄金时段9.就业competent people；trained personnel；experts；specialists人才personal fascination个人魅力personal specialty个人特长operational capability个人工作能力rationalthinking理性思维perceptual thinking感性思维generalmanage
26、r总经理employer雇主employee雇员face adverse conditions面临困境obtainemploymenttakeupanoccupation就业job-hopping跳槽part-time job兼职工作job market就业市场white/blue-collar workers白蓝领阶层sophisticated operators熟练操作工human resources人力资源brain drain人才外流exhaustion of human resources人才枯竭the talent market人才市场a talent bank人才库reserve
27、 of talents人才储备interdisciplinary talents复合型人才cross - century talents跨世纪人才public institution事业单位rate of unemployment失业率redirect laidoff workers for reemployment分流下岗人员争取再就业reemployment service center再就业服务中心starting from scratch白手起家display platform展示平台look forward to the future展望未来worse off than some，b
28、etter off than many比上不足，比下有余10.环境adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection坚持环境保护基本国策afforested areas；greening space绿化面积air pollution concentration空气污染浓度carrying capacity of environment环境负荷celldriven vehicles电动汽车Chinas guiding principles for environmental protection中国环保基本方针clean (r
29、enewable) energy清洁(可再生)能源conservation of water and soil水土保持water and soil erosion水土流失conserve natural habitats保护生存环境curb environmental pollution；bring the pollution under control治理环境污染deforestation乱砍滥伐desertification沙漠化destructive and disastrous earthquake破坏性灾难性地震develop renewable resources开发可再生资源no
30、n-renewable resources不可再生资源disruption of ecological balance生态失衡keep ecological balance保持生态平衡ecosystem生态系统ecotourism生态旅游El Nino phenomenon厄尔尼诺现象Particulate Matter2.5 PM2.5endangered species/wildlife濒危物种/野生动物environmental awareness环保意识enhance environmental awareness提高环保意识environmentfriendly region生态示范
31、区environmental degradation环境恶化environmental protection department环境保护机构environment-friendly agriculture；eco-agriculture生态农业environment-friendly products环保产品fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) 矿物燃料(煤、石油、天然气)forest coverage森林覆盖率garbage classification垃圾分类global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应gree
32、nhouse gas 温室气体high-power electrical appliance大功率电器industrial solid wastes工业固体废物industrial waste工业废弃物limitbanprohibit the use of disposable plastic bags限制使用一次性塑料袋low carbon economy低碳经济multipurpose use综合利用nature reserve自然保护区natural resources 自然资源overfishing过度捕捞overuse 过度使用raise environmental awarenes
33、s amongst the general public提高全民环保意识reckless exploitation过度开发reduce the emission of greenhouse gases减排(减少温室气体排放)resourceexhaustion资源枯竭sandstorm/(sanddust storms)沙尘暴shortage of fresh water淡水资源短缺slow down the rate of resource degradation降低资源消耗率small-engine vehicles小排量汽车soot emissions烟尘排放sustainable de
34、velopment strategy可持续发展战略three types of wastes(waste water，waste gas，solid waste) 三废junk，rubbish，garbage垃圾water resource conservation zone水资源保护区white pollution(by using and littering of nondegradable white plastics)白色污染wild fauna and flora野生动植物11.交通book a ticket订票coach长途公共汽车congest 堵塞、拥挤delay/ put o
35、ff/ postpone 推迟drive after drinking/drive under the influence of alcohol酒后驾驶drive without license无证驾驶express train 特快列车highway/ freeway 高速公路luggage/ baggage 行李magnetic suspension 磁悬浮metro 地下铁道motorized vehicle 机动车odd-and-even license plate rule(机动车)单双号限行pavement；sidewalk人行道private cars私家车public tran
36、sport 公共交通public transport network公共交通线路网rush hour交通高峰期traffic accidents交通事故traffic control交通管制traffic jamcongestion，heavy traffic交通堵塞traffic restrictions based on the last digit of license plate numbers尾号限行vehicle 交通工具，车辆12.旅游historic remains遗址landscape风景natural scenery自然风光nature reserve自然保护区scenic
37、 spots风景区souvenir纪念品tourism wave旅游热tourist attraction：resort旅游胜地pavilion亭台楼阁places of interest名胜古迹Terra-CottaWarriors兵马俑13.家庭a house of 80 square meters 80平米的房子aging society老龄化社会population aging人口老龄化bridge the gap弥合差距family virtues家庭美德the apple of ones eye掌上明珠generation gap代沟households or units relo
38、cated due to building demolition拆迁户Housing Project for low-income families安居工程four generations under one roof四世同堂oldaged people，the oldagedelderselderly，senior citizens老年人mistreat，maltreat，ill-treat虐待elder abuse虐待老人practice filial piety奉行孝道piousness；show filial obedience孝顺support the elderly赡养老人resp
39、ecttheoldandcherishtheyoung尊老爱幼14 .社会just, fair and open公正、公平、公开bring about the great revival rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实现中华民族的伟大复兴comprehensivenationalstrengthpower综合国力total tobacco ban全面禁烟a relatively comfortable standard of living小康水平attach importance to the problem of population agingthe
40、 aging population重视老龄化问题build a nationally advanced clean city创建全国卫生先进城市carry forward the fine traditions发扬优良传统castshakethrow off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity脱贫致富citys landscaping plan；urban planning城市规划combat corruption and build a clean government反腐倡廉eliminate polarization and ultim
41、ately achieve common prosperity消除两极分化，最终达到共同富裕fake diplomas假文凭Hollywood blockbuster好莱坞大片income from moonlighting灰色收入jerry built project豆腐渣工程laid-off workers下岗工人lighten the burden on the peasantsfarmers减轻农民负担people of all nationalitiesall ethnic groups各族人民polarization of rich and poor贫富悬殊populationex
42、plosion人口爆炸poverty reduction and elimination扶贫，脱贫provide relief to disaster-stricken areas(people) 支援灾区(灾民)，救灾public servants；civil servants公务员red paper containing money as a gift，bribe，kickback(贬)红包，回扣refuse to take passengers拒载regional disparity地区差异south-to-north water diversion南水北调speculation炒作Sp
43、ring Buds Program春蕾计划strive for a relatively comfortable life奔小康a relatively comfortable standard of living小康水平the 18th National Congress of the CPC中共十八大the cost of living index；the price index生活物价指数the ethnic minority issue民族问题the hardworking and enterprising spirit艰苦创业的精神the system of public servi
44、ces国家公务员制度publiccivil servants公务员transport during the Spring Festival春运welfare lotteries福利彩票welfare福利medical treatment医疗15.哲理boomerang kidschild啃老族up-and-comingstar;rising star新秀cooperate with others与他人合作fierce competition激烈竞争the spirit of competition拼搏精神personal/individual fulfillment个人成就a sense of
45、 responsibility责任感a sense of competition竞争意识education in patriotism爱国主义教育burn the mid - night oil挑灯夜战mutualunderstanding相互理解help each other互相帮助never give up决不放弃prevailing custom流行时尚never stop making progress决不停止进步only child独生子女outlook of life人生观world outlook世界观exaggerateoverestimate difficulties高估困难
46、jointcooperative efforts齐心协力，众志成城keep optimistic保持乐观lack of confidence缺乏自信make constant efforts不断努力the foreseeable future可预见的将来positivenegative attitude积极消极态度reap without sowing不劳而获moneyworship拜金主义psychologicalquality心理素质striving spirit奋斗精神a sense of inferiorityhonor自卑荣誉感teamwork团队合作team spirit团队精神underestimate ones abilities低估能力reverse the situationtrend扭转局势moral character品德