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1、英文原文:A comprehensive overview of substationsAlong with the economic development and the modern industry developments of quick rising, the design of the power supply system become more and more completely and system. Because the quickly increase electricity of factories, it also increases seriously t
2、o the dependable index of the economic condition, power supply in quantity. Therefore they need the higher and more perfect request to the power supply. Whether Design reasonable, not only affect directly the base investment and circulate the expenses with have the metal depletion in colour metal, b
3、ut also will reflect the dependable in power supply and the safe in many facts. In a word, it is close with the economic performance and the safety of the people. The substation is an importance part of the electric power system, it is consisted of the electric appliances equipments and the Transmis
4、sion and the Distribution. It obtains the electric power from the electric power system, through its function of transformation and assign, transport and safety. Then transport the power to every place with safe, dependable, and economical. As an important part of powers transport and control, the t
5、ransformer substation must change the mode of the traditional design and control, then can adapt to the modern electric power system, the development of modern industry and the of trend of the society life.Electric power industry is one of the foundations of national industry and national economic d
6、evelopment to industry, it is a coal, oil, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and other energy conversion into electrical energy of the secondary energy industry, it for the other departments of the national economy fast and stable development of the provision of adequate power, and
7、its level of development is a reflection of the countrys economic development an important indicator of the level. As the power in the industry and the importance of the national economy, electricity transmission and distribution of electric energy used in these areas is an indispensable component.。
8、Therefore, power transmission and distribution is critical. Substation is to enable superior power plant power plants or power after adjustments to the lower load of books is an important part of power transmission. Operation of its functions, the capacity of a direct impact on the size of the lower
9、 load power, thereby affecting the industrial production and power consumption.Substation system if a link failure, the system will protect the part of action. May result in power outages and so on, to the production and living a great disadvantage. Therefore, the substation in the electric power sy
10、stem for the protection of electricity reliability, sensitivity and other indicators.Power plants and substations are connected user link in the middle, transformation and distribution of electric energy to play the role. According to the different tasks substation can be divided into step-up transf
11、ormer step-down transformer substation and two broad categories. Step-up substation built on the general power plant, the general step-down transformer near the load center built on the low.Voltage can also be divided according to medium voltage substation (60 kV and below), high-voltage substations
12、 (110 220 kV), EHV Substation (330 765 kV) and Ultra High Voltage Substation (1000 kV and above). In electric power system according to their status as a hub substation can be divided into the middle substation substations and terminals. This requires a substation part of economic rationality, the s
13、econd part of safe and reliable, the only way to the normal operation of substation work services for the national economy. There are step-up transformer step-down transformer substation and two broad categories.Substations have been equipped with various protection devices, these devices are based
14、on lower short-circuit load to a maximum load conditions, such as configuration settings and, therefore, in the event of the failure was similar to the specific circumstances under to judge by the system should automatically trip protection, and now the protection of the whole trip has been a very s
15、hort time, the lifting of the fault, the system will automatically reclosing devices and the gateway to restore power quickly. This is to protect the lower the load is very favorable. This will not only protect the safety of the load equipment is in favor of extending the service life and reduce equ
16、ipment investment, and improved reliability of electricity supply, which is to improve the efficiency of industrial and agricultural production is very effective.Substations have been equipped with various protection devices, these devices are based on lower short-circuit load to a maximum load cond
17、itions, such as configuration settings and, therefore, in the event of the failure was similar to the specific circumstances under to judge by the system should automatically trip protection, and now the protection of the whole trip has been a very short time, the lifting of the fault, the system wi
18、ll automatically reclosing devices and the gateway to restore power quickly. This is to protect the lower the load is very favorable. This will not only protect the safety of the load equipment is in favor of extending the service life and reduce equipment investment, and improved reliability of ele
19、ctricity supply, which is to improve the efficiency of industrial and agricultural production is very effective.Increase in the efficiency of industrial products means lower product costs, increase market competitiveness, which will enable enterprises to increase for the national economy and make a
20、greater contribution to development. Electricity supply reliability and other fields, can improve peoples quality of life, improve their living conditions. Analyse change to give or get an electric shock a mission for carrying and customers carries etc. circumstance, choose the address, make good us
21、e of customer data proceed then carry calculation, ascertain the correct equipment of the customer. At the same time following the choice of every kind of transformer, then make sure the line method of the transformer substation, then calculate the short-circuit electric current, choosing to send to
22、gether with the electric wire method and the style of the wire, then proceeding the calculation of short-circuit electric current. This first step of design included:(1) ascertain the total project (2) load analysis(3) the calculation of the short-circuit electric current (4) the design of an electr
23、ic shock the system design to connect with system and the choice of line project (5) the choice and the settle of the protective facility (6) the contents to defend the thunder and protection of connect the earth. Along with the high and quick development of electric power technique, electric power
24、system then can change from the generate of the electricity to the supply the power. Design the task this time is aim at intensity of mastering of every subject knowledge of this speciality reflecting, and of test this specialitys study result. first, analyze the tend of load department according to
25、 all parameter of load about system and circuit on task book. It expounds the necessity to this situation from the rspect of increasing load. Then through to the generalization of planning to build the transformer substation and the analysis of the load materials, safe, economy and dependability are
26、 considered, has confirmed the mainly wiring form of 10kV. Calculated and supplied power in the range and confirmed TV stations number of the main voltage transformer through load finally, capacity and type, capacity and type of using the voltage transformer stand surely at the same time, finally, t
27、he result of calculation of calculating that and short out according to the electric current of largest lasting job, make the circuit to protect, the voltage transformer is protected, the bus bar is protected, prevent the thunder from protecting.中文翻译:变电站的综合概述随着经济的发展和现代工业建设的迅速崛起，供电系统的设计越来越全面、系统，工厂用电量
28、迅速增长，对电能质量、技术经济状况、供电的可靠性指标也日益提高，因此对供电设计也有了更高、更完善的要求。设计是否合理，不仅直接影响基建投资、运行费用和有色金属的消耗量，也会反映在供电的可靠性和安全生产方面，它和企业的经济效益、设备人身安全密切相关。电力工业是国民经济的一项基础工业和国民经济发展的先行工业，它是一种将煤、石油、天然气、水能、核能、风能等一次能源转换成电能这个二次能源的工业，它为国民经济的其他各部门快速、稳定发展提供足够的动力，其发展水平是反映国家经济发展水平的重要标志。由于电能在工业及国民经济的重要性，电能的输送和分配是电能应用于这些领域不可缺少的组成部分。所以输送和分配电能是十
29、分重要的一环。变电所是使电厂或上级电站经过调整后的电能书送给下级负荷，是电能输送的重要部分。其功能运行情况、容量大小直接影响下级负荷的供电，进而影响工业生产及生活用电。若变电所系统中某一环节发生故障，系统保护环节将动作。可能造成停电等事故，给生产生活带来很大不利。因此，变电所在整个电力系统中对于保护供电的可靠性、灵敏性等指标十分重要。变电所是联系发电厂和用户的中间环节，起着变换和分配电能的作用。根据变电所任务的不同，可将变电所分为升压变电所和降压变电所两大类。升压变电所一般建在发电厂，降压变电所一般建立在靠近负荷中心的低点。根据电压等级还可分为中压变电所（60千伏及以下）、高压变电所（1102
30、20千伏）、超高压变电所（330765千伏）和 特高压变电所（1000千伏及以上）。按其在电力系统中的地位可分为枢纽变电所、中间变电所和终端变电所。这就要求变电所的一次部分经济合理，二次部分安全可靠，只有这样变电所才能正常的运行工作，为国民经济服务。变电所有升压变电所和降压变电所两大类。升压变电所通常是发电厂升压站部分，紧靠发电厂。降压变电所通常远离发电厂而靠近负荷中心。下面的所设计得就是10KV降压变电所。变电所的主要设备有电力变压器，母线和开关设备等。变电所内都装设有各种保护装置，这些保护装置是根据下级负荷地短路、最大负荷等情况来整定配置的，因此，在发生类似故障是可根据具体情况由系统自动做
31、出判断应跳闸保护，并且，现在的跳闸保护整定时间已经很短，在故障解除后，系统内的自动重合闸装置会迅速和闸恢复供电。这对于保护下级各负荷是十分有利的。这样不仅保护了各负荷设备的安全利于延长是使用寿命，降低设备投资，而且提高了供电的可靠性，这对于提高工农业生产效率是十分有效的。工业产品的效率提高也就意味着产品成本的降低，市场竞争力增大，进而可以使企业效益提高，为国民经济的发展做出更大的贡献。生活用电等领域的供电可靠性，可以提高人民生活质量，改善生活条件等。变电所是电力系统的一个重要组成部分，由电器设备及配电网络按一定的接线方式所构成，他从电力系统取得电能，通过其变换、分配、输送与保护等功能，然后将电
32、能安全、可靠、经济的输送到每一个用电设备的转设场所。作为电能传输与控制的枢纽，变电站必须改变传统的设计和控制模式，才能适应现代电力系统、现代化工业生产和社会生活的发展趋势。随着计算机技术、现代通讯和网络技术的发展，为目前变电站的监视、控制、保护和计量装置及系统分隔的状态提供了优化组合和系统集成的技术基础。该地区变电所所涉及方面多，考虑问题多，分析变电所担负的任务及用户负荷等情况，选择所址，利用用户数据进行负荷计算，确定用户无功功率补偿装置。同时进行各种变压器的选择，从而确定变电站的接线方式，再进行短路电流计算，选择送配电网络及导线，进行短路电流计算。选择变电站高低压电气设备，为变电站平面及剖面图提供依据。本变电所的初步设计包括了：（1）总体方案的确定（2）负荷分析（3）短路电流的计算（4）高低压配电系统设计与系统接线方案选择（5）继电保护的选择与整定（6）防雷与接地保护等内容。随着电力技术高新化、复杂化的迅速发展，电力系统在从发电到供电的所有领域中，通过新技术的使用，都在不断的发生变化。变电所作为电力系统中一个关键的环节也同样在新技术领域得到了充分的发展。