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1、Rhetoric and cultural differences in Tourism English translationContentsIntroduction-3Chapter 1 Cultural differences-4Chapter 2 Rhetoric differences-52.1 Thinking differences-52.2 Repetition Structure-52.3Four-word Structure-6Conclusion-6AbstractIt goes without saying that there are many differences
2、 between Chinese and English. Among which, the cultural differences in Tourism English translation reflect in history, aesthetic standard, religion, custom, etc. Therefore Tourism English translation methods include explaination, analogy, amplification, etc. Only so can show the man idea during trav
3、eling to the foreign tourists exactly.Key words: Cultural differences English for Tourism Tourism English translation IntroductionChina is a civilized ancient country with a long history. The cultural achievements during 5000-year-long history and the vast land which covers an area of about 9.6 mill
4、ion square kilometers leave us rich tourist resources. Every year large quantities of foreign tourists are attracted to China to go sightseeing. Although there are some similarities and universality factors in different cultures, the great differences between Chinese and foreign culture will become
5、impediments to tourism development. The differences in cultural thinking and cultural view will creat cultural collisions, even may be cultural countermeasures. So we should treat these differences seriously and study the culture docking methods and skills in Tourism English translation. Chapter 1 C
6、ultural differences Cultural differences, especially the differences between eastern and western culture are showed obviously in tourism information translation. In the long-term social practice, Chinese people formed different cultural psychology, way of thinking and aesthetic concepts, which refle
7、cted in languages is the differences in the entire layout, the rhetoric methods and some other writing habits. For example：大观园内有个稻花村，literally, it is called a 村,in fact it is not a village but a simple farmhouse. So we can not translate literally “Paddy Sweet Villiage”. Foreign tourists are very int
8、erested in our traditional festivals, but they know little about our folk customs. For example, the most important traditional festival in China “春节” is literally translated as “Spring Festival”(a three-day celebration of the traditional Chinese New Year which falls in January or February according
9、to cycles in the Chinese lunar calendar). Another example:“作为炎黄子孙，还可以去拜谒离西安不远的黄帝陵”。It is translated as : “ If you are of Chinese descent, you may pay tribute to the tomb of Huang Di(Yellow Emperor), the first Chinese emperor.” Although this translation is simple and clear, you can notice that it has
10、 a little problem. Because in Chinese stories, Huang Di and Yan Di are the chiefs of two tribes in the ancient times. They are not the real emperor. Emperor is called for the head of monarchy countries. In 221 BC, Qin Wang Yingzheng united the six kingdoms and professed himself “the emperor”. Afterw
11、ards the word “emperor” is used for the name of the rulers of feudal dynasties. So the translation that “Huang Di” is translated as “Yellow Emperor” or “Chinese Emperor” is not proper. Only understand it and translate it in terms of cross-culture can close to original text and make foreign tourists
12、understand clearly.Chapter 2 Rhetoric differences 2.1 Thinking differencesChinese people have a comprehensive way of thinking. They focus on whole harmonious and often use the sentence structures of crosswise dilatation and lay advance as the rhetoric methods. But the western people focus on pithine
13、ss in their aesthetic spices. That is so-called “Brevity is the soul of wit”. “Brevity is the soul of wit”. The sentence structure focus on primary and secondary features and well arranged. It can not irrespective with their ways of thinking, which is paying attention to logic analysis. We can see t
14、hat the differences of aesthetic spices formed by different ways of thinking will lead to rhetoric differences between Chinese and English languages. 2.2Repetition Structure重复结构的一个典型例子是排比句现象，汉语、英语里都有。排比句通常采用三个或三个以上结构相同、语义相联、语气连贯的词组或句子排列成串，达到“壮势”、“达意”的目的。但汉语和英语的排比结构有很大区别，汉语的排比结构不仅强调齐整美，而且强调反复关，共同词语反复
15、出现，这种排比辞式齐整是汉语重复结构的重要标志。反观英语的排比辞式，“英语的排比一般只强调结构上的整齐匀称”而不刻意于共同词语的反复出现。两种语言不同的审美情趣由此可见一斑。 2.3Four-word Structure“四字成语”和“四字格”是四字结构在汉语中常见的修辞方式，比如成语“星移斗转”、“南辕北辙”等。“四字格”是一种音调铿锵、排比连用、势如行云流水的修辞方式， 如 “中华大地， 江河纵横， 华夏文化， 源远流长” ，“烟火怒放，火树银花，灯舞回旋”等等。汉语的“四字格”行文的风格为形式整齐悦目，音调抑扬顿挫，语气连贯自然，这与汉语言行文讲究酣畅淋漓的审美情趣有关。但这样的修辞方式
16、却有可能被西方读者误认为堆砌辞藻，华而不实，故弄玄虚，因为他们审美的情趣在于简洁、严谨。因此，在面对这样的旅游解说内容时， 必须让学生对语义进行提炼概括、删减调整，以使译文语义简洁明了，比如峨眉山导游词中的一段 : 峨眉山月清凉皎洁，光华如洗，熠熠生辉，丝丝扣人。ConclusionApart from the methods that showed above, there are some other ways, such as revision. Both of them are aim to reduce the countermeasures and differences betw
17、een Chinese and Englishculture. So we should understand these differences deeply and notice these differences in Chinese and English ways of thinking. Using proper methods to deal with these differences is the precondition of the smooth running of tourism activities. Using proper methods can not onl
18、y make foreign tourists enjoy good tourism services in China, but also is better for our Chinese culure to extend our influence in the world. It will lay a solid foundation for building our coutry into a “ World powerful tourism country”.References: 1 邓炎昌等： 语言与文化 ， 外语教学与研究出版社，1989 年。2 姚宝荣、 韩琪： 旅游资料英
19、译浅谈 ， 中国翻译 ，1998，(5)：27-30。英语谚语警句100句精选Proverbs are the daughters of daily experience.谚语是日常经验的结晶。1. Look before you leap./Second thoughts are best. 三思而后行。/再想而后行。2. Great minds think alike; (heroes have similar views.) 英雄所见略同。 3. We shall never have friends if we expect to find them without fault.欲求完
20、美无缺的朋友必然成为孤家寡人。4. What you sow, you must mow. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。5. A beggar can never be bankrupt.天无绝人之路。6.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。7. No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。8. No cross, no crown. 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。9. The more haste, the less speed. /Haste makes waste.欲速则不达。10. Victory belongs to the mo
21、st persevering. 坚持就是胜利！11. A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。12. Put ones foot in ones mouth. 说话不得体。13. It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收/悔恨已晚/木已成舟,回天乏力。14. Content is better than riches. 知足常乐。15. No gains without pains. 没有辛苦就没有收获。16. The more a man knows, the more he is inclined to b
22、e modest. 大智若愚。17. All roads lead to Rome .条条大路通罗马。18. A snow year, a rich year. 瑞雪兆丰年。19. Never say die! 永不言败！20. The best mirror is a friends eye. 朋友的眼睛是最好的镜子。 21. Faith will move mountain. 精诚所至，金石为开。 22. A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人生没有朋友，犹如生活没有了太阳。 23. Great wits have short
23、memories.贵人多忘事。 24. Do well and have well. 善有善报。25. A bad thing never dies. 坏事传千年。26. Four eyes see more than two. 人多识广/集思广益。27. Diligence is the parent of success. 勤劳是成功的根本。28. Water dropping day by day wears the hardest rock away.滴水穿石。29. Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算
24、。 30. While there is life, there is hope. /Debt is better than death. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。/有生命就有希望。31. Where there is a will, there is a way. 功夫不负有心人。/有志者事竟成。32. Where there is great love, there are always miracles. 哪里有真爱存在，哪里就有奇迹。33. Where there is smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。34. One boy is a boy, two boys
25、 half a boy, three boys no boy.一个和尚挑水喝，两个和尚抬水喝，三个和尚没水喝。35. A stitch in time saves nine. 及时缝一针能省九针。/小洞不补，大洞吃苦。36. Never too old to learn, never too late to turn. 亡羊补牢，为时不晚。37. Dont claim to know what you dont know. 不要不懂装懂。38. Do in Rome as Roman do. 入乡随俗。39. Rome was not built in a day. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。40
26、. Sharpening your axe will not delay your job of cutting wood. 磨刀不误砍柴工。 41. Things of a kind come together, people a mind fall into a group. 物以类聚,人以群分。 42. One mans meat is another mans poison. 萝卜白菜,各有所爱。43. like author like book.文如其人。46. Like for like. 惺惺相惜。47. Like teacher like pupil. 有其师必有其徒。48.
27、Gods that run many hares kill none.贪多必失。49. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。50. Actions speak louder than words. 行胜于言。51. You cannot eat your cake and have it. 鱼与熊掌，不可兼得。52. One loses by pride and gains by modesty. 满招损,谦受益。53. Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。54. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每日一苹果远离
28、医生。55. Time past cannot be called back again. 时光不倒流。56. A drop of water cannot make a sea, and a tree cannot make a wood. 滴水不成海，独木不成林。57. If you venture nothing, you will have nothing. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。58.The tree is known by its fruit. 观其行知其人。59. All work no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍,聪明的孩子也变傻。60
29、. The pot calls the kettle black. 五十步笑百步。61. Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person. 恶有恶报。62. Todays work should never be left over till tomorrow. 今日事今日毕。63. Nothing so bad but might have been worse. 塞翁失马,焉知非福。 64. God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。65. Complacency is the enemy of stud
30、y. 学习的敌人是自己的满足。66. A fox may grow gray, but never good.江山易改，本性难移。67. A friend without faults will never be found. 没有十全十美的朋友。68. A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。69. A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 一本好书，相伴一生。70. A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。71. A leopa
31、rd cannot change its spots.积习难改。72. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。73. All good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的筵席。74. Justice has long arms. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。75A man becomes learned by asking questions. 不耻下问才能有学问。76. A man can do no more than he can. 凡事都应量力而行。77. A man cannot spin and re
32、el at the same time. 一心不能二用。78. Diamond cuts diamond. 强中自有强中手。79. Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。80. Do it now. 机不可失，时不再来。81. It is the unforeseen that always happens. 天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。82. Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事，今日毕。83. Do well and have well. 善有善报。84. Eas
33、y come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。85. Every advantage has its disadvantage.有利必有弊。86. Every day is not Sunday. 好景不常在。87. Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。88. Every man has his weak side. 人人都有弱点。89. Every potter praises hit pot. 王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸。90. Experience must be bought. 吃一堑，长一智。91. Far from eye, far from h
34、eart. 眼不见，心不烦。92. First come, first served. 先来后到。93. Judge not from appearances.人不可貌相，海不可斗量。94. Gold will not buy anything.黄金并非万能。95. He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。96. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 想不犯错误，就一事无成。97. Learn not and know not. 不学无术。98. It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 99. It takes three generations to make a gentleman.十年树木，百年树人。100. It is the first step that costs troublesome. 万事开头难。9