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1、高考英语：虚拟语气全解析1虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法2虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法3虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法4虚拟语气在简单句中的用法虚拟语气在简单句中的用法 一、语气的定义和种类一、语气的定义和种类 l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类：、语气的种类： (1)陈述语气陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：
2、实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气多好的天气啊啊! (2)祈使语气祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如如: Open the door, please。请打开门。请打开门。 (3)虚拟语气虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study Englis
3、h. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！祝您成功！ 二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。不下雨，我
4、们就去公园。 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。因此也未能问你这件事。) 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的
5、动词形式列表用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下如下:从 句主 句与现在事实相反 动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反 动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 注注: : 主句中的主句中的shouldshould只用于只用于I I、wewe，但在美国，但在美国英语中，英语中，
6、shouldshould常被常被wouldwould代替；从句中的代替；从句中的should should 可用于各种人称。可用于各种人称。 l l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: : If my brother were here, everything If my brother were here, everything would be all right. would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿要是我哥哥在这儿 ，一切都没问题了。一切都没问题了。 2 2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如
7、: : If you had taken my adviceIf you had taken my advice，you you wouldnt (couldnwouldnt (couldnt) have failed in t) have failed in the exam. the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会不会( (不可能不可能) )考试不及格。考试不及格。 3 3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: : If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should If it
8、were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would(would，couldcould，might) go to see my might) go to see my grandmother. grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就如果明天是星期天，我就 ( (可能可能) )去看望我奶奶。去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
9、雪，他们将不出去了。 4 4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you : If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了
10、。的话，身体现在就好了。( (从句动作指过去，主从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在句动作指现在) ) 5 5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式: : (l)(l)省略连词省略连词ifif。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有werewere，had had 或或 shouldshould，可以把，可以把ifif省略，把这几个词放省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come : Should he come (If he should come), tell him to rin
11、g me up. (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这我要是你，就不做这事。事。 (2)(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如:
12、 : Without air (If there were not air), there Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadnBut for your help (If it hadnt t been for your help) I couldnbeen for your help) I couldnt hav
13、e done it. t have done it. 要要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如式表现出来。如: I was busy that day. : I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadnwith them. (If I hadnt been busy that t been bu
14、sy that day, I would have gone there with day, I would have gone there with them.) them.) 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。起去那儿了。( (如果我那天不忙的话，我如果我那天不忙的话，我就就) )；I would have finished the I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I work, but I have been ill. (If I hadnhadnt been ill,
15、 I would have finished t been ill, I would have finished the work.) the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。我生病了。( (如果我没生病的话，我就会完如果我没生病的话，我就会完成成) ) 6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。 (1)省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了If you had wanted to)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为
16、你不想洗。) (2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。) 三、虚拟语气的其他用法三、虚拟语气的其他用法 l l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在It It is important (strangeis important (strange，naturalnatural，necessary) thatnecessary) that 这类句型里，这类句型里
17、，thatthat所所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “shouldshould十动词原形十动词原形”结构，表示某事是结构，表示某事是 重要重要 、 奇怪奇怪 、 自然自然 、 必要必要 等意义。等意义。如如: It is important that every member : It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these (should) inform himself of these rules. rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。重要的是每个成员知道这些规则
18、。 2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法： (1)在动词在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用从句动词用过去式或过去进行式过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用动词一般用were)。如。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答我希望知道这个问题的答案。案。(可惜不知道可惜不知道)；2 2）表示对过去情况的虚拟）
19、表示对过去情况的虚拟: :从句动词常用从句动词常用hadhad十过去分十过去分词词 。如。如: I wish (wished) : I wish (wished) I hadnI hadnt spent so much t spent so much money. money. 我后悔不该花那么多我后悔不该花那么多钱。钱。( (实际上已经花掉实际上已经花掉) )；3)3)表示对将来的主观愿望表示对将来的主观愿望: :谓语动词形谓语动词形式为式为wouldwould十动词原形十动词原形 。此时要注意，。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期
20、望的从句动作能因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿愿( (非动物名词除外非动物名词除外) )。如。如: I wish it : I wish it would stop raining. would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soon. I wish you would come soon. 但愿但愿你立刻来。你立刻来。 (2)(2)在在suggestsuggest，demanddemand，orderorder，proposepropose，insistin
21、sist，commandcommand，requestrequest，desiredesire等动词后的宾语从等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用句中，谓语动词用“should + should + 动词动词原形原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。，表示建议、要求、命令等。如如: I demand that he (should) : I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. answer me immediately. 我要求他我要求他立刻答复我。立刻答复我。 3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 (1)在带有在带有eve
22、n if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 即使生了病，他即使生了病，他俩去办公室。俩去办公室。 (2)由由as if或或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用用were)或或 “h
23、ad十过去分词十过去分词”。如。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌他那样对待我，好像我是陌 生人似的。生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。 注注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。的谓语动词可用陈述语气。 (3)(3)在在in order thatin order that或或so t
24、hatso that引导的目的引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用状语从句中，谓语动词多用 “couldcould或或mightmight（有时也用（有时也用shouldshould）+ + 动词原形动词原形”。如如: Mr green spoke slowly so that his : Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly. students could (might) hear clearly. 格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。 4.4.虚拟语气在定语从
25、句中的用法：在虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在It It is time (that) is time (that) 句型中，定语从句的句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是式一般用过去式，意思是 该干某事的时候该干某事的时候了了 。如。如: It: Its (high) time we did our s (high) time we did our homework. homework. 我们该做作业了。我们该做作业了。（1）用用but for, without等介词短语表达条件。例如：等介词短语表达条件。例如： Bu
26、t for you, we couldnt have carried out the plan. 要不是你的话我们（当时）无法实行那项计划。要不是你的话我们（当时）无法实行那项计划。 （2）Its time that + 动词过去式动词过去式 should+动词原形动词原形 “该做该做的时候了的时候了”It is time we got up .该是起床的时间了该是起床的时间了It is (high) time we should get up.该是我起床的时间了该是我起床的时间了 （3）would rather (that)动词过去式（与现在或将来相反）动词过去式（与现在或将来相反）/had
27、 done(“宁愿宁愿（而不）（而不）”（与过去事实相反）（与过去事实相反） 例如：例如：I would rather he stayed at home now.我宁愿他现在在家里我宁愿他现在在家里 he stayed at home tomorrow.我宁愿他明天在家里我宁愿他明天在家里. he had stayed at home yesterday. 我宁愿他昨天在家里我宁愿他昨天在家里( 4 ) wish=if only+从句（从句谓语动词有三种形式）从句（从句谓语动词有三种形式） would (could, might) +动词原形（与过去事实相反）动词原形（与过去事实相反） 动词
28、过去式（与现在事实相反）动词过去式（与现在事实相反） had+过去分词或用过去分词或用could have+ 过去分词（与过去事过去分词（与过去事实相反）实相反） 例如：例如： I wish (ed) I could (would, might) go to the moon in a spaceship one day. 我希望有一天我能乘坐宇宙飞船登上月球我希望有一天我能乘坐宇宙飞船登上月球. I wish (=If only) he visited us now. 要是他现在能来看望我要是他现在能来看望我. I wish (If only) he had visited us last
29、night. =I wish (If only) he could have visited us last night. 要是他昨晚能来看望我们就好了要是他昨晚能来看望我们就好了. (5) as if (thought) （方式）（方式）“好像，仿佛好像，仿佛” + 动词过去式（与现在事实相反）动词过去式（与现在事实相反） 过去进行式（与现在正在进行相反）过去进行式（与现在正在进行相反） had+done（与过去事实相反）（与过去事实相反） could/might/would+动词原形（与将来事实相反）动词原形（与将来事实相反）例如：例如： It looks as if/though som
30、eone were running. 好象有人在跑步好象有人在跑步. she hadnt done that. 她好象没有做那样的事她好象没有做那样的事 she were two years younger today. 她今天看起来好象年轻了两岁她今天看起来好象年轻了两岁. she would live another 100 years. 她好象还能活她好象还能活100岁岁.（6）有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的（如一个是过去发生的，作发生的时间是不一致的（如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的），这这时动词的形式要根据表
31、一个是现在发生的），这这时动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。示的时间来调整。例如：例如： If I had followed the doctors advice, I would be better now. 如果我听了医生的建议如果我听了医生的建议,我现在可能就好多了我现在可能就好多了. If you had worked hard then, you would be in the university now. 如果那时你努力一些如果那时你努力一些,你现在就上大学了你现在就上大学了. If the doctor had come sooner last night, the patie
32、nt would be alive now. 如果医生昨晚能早来一会儿如果医生昨晚能早来一会儿,病人现在可能就活下病人现在可能就活下来了来了.（7）even if/though 引导让步状语从句，从句中用引导让步状语从句，从句中用may/might+动词原形，动词原形，may或或might可省略，表示与可省略，表示与现在情况相反；从句用过去时，表示与过去情况相现在情况相反；从句用过去时，表示与过去情况相反；类似的词还有：反；类似的词还有：though/as though/so long as/no matter wh-/ whatever/whenever/whoever等。等。 Howeve
33、r dangerous it might be, he would have a try. 无论多危险，他都要试一试。无论多危险，他都要试一试。 Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you. 即使我当时很忙，我还是会帮助你的。即使我当时很忙，我还是会帮助你的。 （8）表示祝愿或诅咒的祈使句表示祝愿或诅咒的祈使句 May you succeed! 祝你成功！祝你成功！ God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！愿上帝保佑你！ （9）过去分词短语表示条件过去分词短语表示条件 Given more time, we
34、could have done it better. 倘若给我们会把它做得更好。倘若给我们会把它做得更好。 （10）通过上下文表示条件通过上下文表示条件 Such mistaken could have been avoided. 这种错误本来是可以避免的。这种错误本来是可以避免的。 5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法 (1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如常见于日常会话中。如: It would be better for you
35、 not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。你最好别太晚睡觉。 (2)在一些习惯表达中。如在一些习惯表达中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。我宁愿不告诉你。 (3)用用“may + 动词原形动词原形”表示表示祝愿祝愿、但愿但愿”，此时此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 如：如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。祝你顺利。1 1.Excuse me, but I want to use your comput
36、er to type a report. You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt2. 2. Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? Sorry, I am not sure. But it _ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can3. 3. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You _ her
37、 last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told高三英语学生学习课件4. 4. I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be5. 5. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the
38、ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would scored D. would have scored6. 6. Write to me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can高三英语学生学习课件7. 7. I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins. _ I have a look? Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Shou
39、ld8. 8. What would have happened _, as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther9. 9. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will高三英语学生学习课件1
40、0.10. _ be sent to work there? A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should11.11. With better equipment, we _ the job even sooner. A. would finish B. might finish C. could have finished D. had finished12.12. _ the fog, we should h
41、ave reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for高三英语学生学习课件13.13. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set14.14. They must have here the day before yesterday, _? A. mustnt they
42、 B. werent they C. havent they D. had they15.15. Do you still remember the day when we went to the Great Wall? I cant remember it well, but _ sometime last autumn? A. might it be B. could it have been C. could it be D. must it have been高三英语学生学习课件16.16. If you _ wait a moment, Ill go and find our man
43、ager. A. can B. should C. will D. must17.17. If only I _ my motorbike! A. havent lost B. didnt lose C. would not have lost D. hadnt lost18.18. I promised to get there before 5 oclock, but now the rain is pouring down. They _ for me impatiently. A. may wait B. ought to wait C. could wait D. must be w
44、aiting高三英语学生学习课件19.19. With his help, I _ the experiment well. A. had done B. would do C. did D. have done20.20. You _ write down your translation. You _ do it orally. A. shouldnt; can B. need; may not C. cant; need D. neednt; may21.21. _ he were trying to teach them all he knew. A. It seemed that B
45、. They had hoped C. It seemed as if D. They thought高三英语学生学习课件22.22. I dont think that I shall fail. But if I _, I would try again. A. should fail B. would fail C. fail D. have failed23.23. Do you know the order that you _ watch? A. would have kept B. could have kept C. had kept C. should keep24.24.
46、There used to be a station in the west of the city, _? A. didnt there B. used there C. usednt to there D. did there高三英语学生学习课件25.25. Id rather that you _ right away. A. leave B. left C. should leave D. will leave26.26. All parents _ know what to do when their children have had an accident. A. can B.
47、may C. should D. are able to27.27. Without the Communist Party of China, _ New China. A. there were not B. there would be no C. there will be D. there hadnt been28.28. In those days, the old woman _ sit at the gate for hours, waiting for her son to return from the front. A. will B. should C. were go
48、ing to D. would29.29. He should have come to the thorough cleaning. _, I think. A. He neednt B. He neednt have to C. He neednt have D. He didnt need to30.30. I wonder why Im so tired tonight. Well, it is time that you _. A. went to sleep B. go to sleep C. went to bed D. go to bed 参考答案：参考答案：1-5 AADCD 6-10 CBCAA11-15 CDBBB 16-20 CDDBD21-25 CADAD 26-30 CBDDC