英语语法:反义疑问句专项讲解.docx

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date英语语法:反义疑问句专项讲解1反义疑问句一、反义疑问句又叫附加疑问句。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1. 陈述部分为肯定式 + 疑问部分为否定式(如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式) e.g. She was ill yesterday, w

2、asnt she? Tom dislikes the book, doesnt he?2. 陈述部分为否定式 + 疑问部分为肯定式(陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定或半否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定式。)e.g. He cant ride a bike, can he? Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?二、附加疑问句(一)主语的选择1陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 arent I. Im as tall as your sister,

3、arent I?注:当陈述部分的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。如: I find English very interesting, dont you? I dont like that film, do you? 2当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they,亦可用he,如: Somebody phoned while I was out, didnt they? Everyone enjoyed the party, did

4、nt they? Nobody wants to go there, does he? 3当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something时,附加疑问句中的主语一般用it,如: Everything seems all right now, doesnt it? Nothing is kept in good order, is it? Something must be done to stop pollution, isnt it? 4当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别

5、用it和they,如: This is important, isnt it? That isnt correct, is it? These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they? 5如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语,附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合下可以用you或he,如: One cant be too careful, can one?或can you? One should do his duty, shouldnt he? 6当陈述句为there be结构时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如: Theres no h

6、elp for it, is there? Theres something wrong, isnt there? 7当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如: She says that I did it, doesnt she? I told them not everybody could do it ,didnt I? 但当陈述部分的主语是I,谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。 I suppose that hes seri

7、ous isnt he? I dont think she cares, does she? 8当陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如: Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldnt he? 9在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分的主语一般用you。如: Dont open the door, will you? Give me some cigarettes, can you? Take a rest, why do

8、nt you? 但以lets开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,如果含义是allow us,不包括听话人在内,疑问部分用will you。如: Lets have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we? Let us go out for a rest, will you? 10陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。如: Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesnt it? Between six

9、 and seven will suit you, wont it? Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?(二)谓语动词的选择1当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustnt。如: You must work hard next term, mustnt you? I must answer the letter, mustnt I? 但若表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构(即must之后的动词)以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如: You must have made a

10、mistake, havent you? They must have seen the film last week, didnt they? He must be in the library, isnt he? 2当陈述部分含有used to时,疑问部分可用usednt或didnt。如: The old man used to smoke, didnt /usednt he? Tom used to live here, usednt /didnt he? 3当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时,疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnt。如: He ought to know th

11、e answer, oughtnt he? We ought to read this book, oughtnt/ shouldnt we? 4当陈述部分含有情态动词dare或need时,疑问部分常用 need /dare +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?但当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?5当陈述部分含有had better时,疑问部分用hadnt。 如: Youd b

12、etter finish your homework now, hadnt you? 6感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时,且常用否定形式。如: What a clever boy, isnt he? What a lovely day, isnt it? 7陈述句中的谓语动词是wish,表示愿望时,附加疑问句用may,且用肯定形式。如: I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I?8当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have(has)时,疑问部分既可用have形式,也可用do形式。如: You have a new bike,

13、 havent you(或dont you)? She doesnt have any money in her pocket, does she?9陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用dont +主语(didnt +主语)。如:We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?10陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。如:He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?11陈述部分有Youd

14、like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。如:Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?12 陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如: Oh, he is a writer, is he? Youll not go, wont you? (三)反义疑问句的回答对反意疑

15、问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。例:He likes playing football, doesnt he? 他喜欢踢足球,是吗?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 是的,他喜欢。/ 不是,他不喜欢。当陈述句部分是否定结构,附加疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语的意思正好相反。这种回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。His sister didnt attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?Yes, she did. / No, she didnt

16、. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加。反义疑问句练习1. Linda ate nothing this morning, _? A. didnt she B. was she C. did she D. wasnt she 2. Theres hardly_ milk in the bottle, _there? A. no, isnt B. some, is C. little, isnt D. any, is 3. He has never ridden a horse before, _? A. does he B. has he C. hasnt he D. doesnt he 4.

17、He seldom came here, _? Yes sir. A. didnt he B. does he C. doesnt he D. did he 5. Everything seems all right, _ ? A. does it B. dont they C. wont it D. doesnt it 7. One cant be too modest, can _ ? A. one B. he C. it D. we 8. No one failed in the exam, _ ? A. was he B. did one C. did they D. didnt he

18、 10. Neither you nor I am a artist, _ ? A. am I B. arent we C. are we D. aint I 11. He cant be her father, _ he? A. is B. isnt C. can D. cant 12. They have no time to visit the museum, _? A. do they B. havent they C. dont they D. will they 14. Youd better go at once, _ you? A. hadnt B. did C. didnt

19、D. dont 15. Youd rather work than play, _ you? A. hadnt B. wouldnt C. didnt D. mustnt 16. You dare not do that, _ you? A. dont B. do C. dare D. darent 18. He dislikes the two subjects, _ he? A. does B. doesnt C. is D. isnt 19. These tools are useless now, _ ? A. are they B. arent they C. is it D. is

20、nt it 20. He used to get up at 6:30, _ he? A. didnt he B. did he C. used he D. wouldnt he 22. He ought to win the first prize, _ he? A. mustnt B. oughtnt C. shouldnt D. Both B and C. 23. Lets go there by bus, _? A. will you B. shall we C. dont you D. will you 24. Let us go to play football, _? A. wi

21、ll you B. shall we C. do we D. are we 25. Dont forget to give Polly some food and change her water, _? A. will you B. shall we C. wont you D. do you 26. Lets go shopping this afternoon, _? All right. A. will we B. shall we C. dont we D. are we 27. Pass me the dictionary, _? Yes, with pleasure. A. wo

22、uld you B. will you C. wont you D. wouldnt you 30. There is little water in the glass, _? A. isnt there B. isnt it C. is it D. is there 32. There wont be any concert this Saturday evening, _ ? A. will there not B. will there C. is there D. wont 33. I guess she taught herself Japanese, _? Yes. A. don

23、t I B. did she C. do I D. didnt she 34. I dont believe you are right, _ ? A. are you B. do you C. wont you D. do 35. She doesnt think that Tom sings best in the class, _ ? A. does she B. doesnt she C. does he D. doesnt he 37. I know you didnt want to hurt me, _ ? A. did you B. didnt you C. do I D. dont I 38. If my father were here, he would be very happy, _ ? A. werent he B. were he C. wouldnt he D. would he-

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