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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date自动门的外文文献及翻译自动门的外文文献及翻译毕业论文外文文献与翻译（一）Automaticdooranditscontrolsystemintroduction Author：GeneF.Franklin Unit:PrincetonUniversity 755CollegeRoadEast, Princeton,NJ08540Productofhumancivili
2、zation,automaticdoorshavebeendozensofyearsofdevelopment,sofar,throughtheapplicationofPLCcontrolsystemandothertechnologyproducts,alreadyhaveanditscontroltechnology,formedthelargescaleautomaticdoorofthefamily.Andaccordingtodifferentrequirements,formulatedaseriesofstandards.PeoplesRepublicofChinainthe2
3、005-12-01standardofChinaautomaticdoornumber,standardcontentmainlyinclude:rulesforbuildingtheclassificationofthevariouskindsofautomaticdoor,specifications,codes,materials,requirements,testmethods,inspectionrulesandsigns,packaging,transportandstorage.Thisstandardappliestopush-pullautomaticdoorautomati
4、cdoors(arc),foldtheflatopenautomaticdoors,automaticdoors,revolvingdoors.Youmayrefertootherautomaticdoor.Havespecialrequirementsofautomaticdoors,stillshouldseeitsrelatedstandards.Doorandhumancivilizationisatwin,itisaccompaniedbythedevelopmentofhumancivilizationandchatter.Forthousandsofyears,thedoorha
5、sbeenasthepatronsaintofthehumansocietyactivities,intruderintheroom,andasachannelofhumansocialactivities,carryingthedoorandcivilization,pursuingpeopletoyearnforthegloryoftheothershore.Humandesireisendlesstocivilization.FromancientEgypttoRomantotodaysmodernsociety,canseethedoormove.Past,passiveisolati
6、onbarrierfunctionofthedooris,andthechannelroleistoensurethatonlytraffic.Todayinthe21stcentury,thedoorevenmorehighlightedsafetyconcept,emphasizestheeffectiveness:effectivelyprevent,passage,evacuation,andalsohighlightstheconceptofarchitecturalart,doorandbuildingandthesurroundingenvironmentcoordination
7、,theharmoniouswhole.DooradvancedformsofautomaticdoororiginatedinEuropeandtheUnitedStates,inAugust1802,theGermanstandardcompanysuccessfullydesignedanddevelopedtheworldsfirstsensingautomaticdoors,doorlarge-scalespecializedproductionbeganinthe150yearsago,intheprocessofconstantdevelopmentandperfection,e
8、mergedalargenumberofscaleofprofessionalmanufacturers.Rapiddevelopmenttotoday,hasformedacompletekinds,functionperfect,workmanshipfineautomaticdoorofthefamily.Chinaasearlyasmorethanadecadeagobegantorefertotheautomaticdoors,andapplyitinthehotel,airport,shoppingcenters,Banks,officebuildingsandotherlarge
9、andmedium-sizedpublicplaces,forthesebuildingsaddedbrightbeautiful,chic,colorful.Automaticdooraccordingtothedifferentusefunctionandcanbedividedintoautomaticslidingdoor,automaticdoor,automaticrevolvingdoor,automaticarcdoor,automaticfoldingdoor,etc.,includingflatdoorwithfeweroccasions,revolvingdoorduet
10、otheexpensiveandverybig,onlycommonlyusedinhigh-gradehotels,inneedautomaticslidingdoorismostwidelyused,peoplegenerallysayautomaticdoor,automaticinductiondoorisslidingdoor.Automaticslidingdooristhemostcommonformofautomaticdoormachineaddradaronbothinnersideandoutsideofthedoor,automaticdoorwhenthemancam
11、enear,theradarbyemittingmicrowaveinductiontomansexistence,openthedoortothecontrollerasignal,thecontrollerthroughthedrivetoopenthedoor.Whenthemanbythedoor,andthenclosedthedoor.Anotherformofinfraredsensor,mainlythroughtheinfraredtofeelthetemperaturechangeswithinthespecifiedrange,whenpeoplewalkinto,mic
12、rowaveinductiontheemissionsignalcontrolchangesinthedoor.Microwavesensorsandinfraredsensorsdifferenceismainly:microwavesensor,alsoknownasmicrowaveradar,reactiontothemovementoftheobject,andreactionspeed,suitableforwalkingspeednormalpersonnelthroughtheplace,itscharacteristicisthatoncethedoornearthestaf
13、fdontwanttogooutandmotionless,radarwillnolongerresponse,automaticdoorwillbeclosed,likelyclampingphenomenon.Infraredsensors,existinresponsetotheobject,regardlessofwhetherornotmobilestaff,aslongasinsensorscanningrange,itwillrespond.Reactionspeedisslowerthanthemicrowavesensorofinfraredsensors.According
14、todifferentrequirementsofsome,somemanufacturersintheproductionofautomaticdoorscanincreasesomepersonalfunction,facilitatethemanagementandmaintenance.Suchasfuzhoublueelectronicco.,LTD.,automaticdoor,ithasthefollowingcharacteristics:1,automaticdoorsensorsreacttothemovementofobjectsinmicrowave,sensitivi
15、tyisadjustable,stableperformance!2,automaticencryptiongathermulti-functionremotecontrolintoanorganicwhole,theinductiondoorforencryption,canavoidtheprojectappearsonthewelsh,baddebts,etc.Phenomenon,thuseffectivelyprotecttheinterestsofdealers,atthesametime,canrealizetheremotecontroltoopenthedoor,always
16、open,lock,unlock;Hasconnectedtothecardreader,fingerprint,homebutton,peripheraldevices,suchaselectriclockfunctions.3,safetylightcaneffectivelyovercometheblindareaofinductiveprobesensorislessthan,sothattheinductiondoorsafer.4,self-helpbankcardslotmachineoveralldesign,ABSelectroplatingshelldurableandco
17、nvenienttoinstall,canmatchanybankATMcard,nocardcapacitylimits,importedalloyhead,superwear-resistanthighsensitivity,high(400)orlowresistance(300)Oefilecanbeused;Issuitablefortheself-servicebank.Microwavemodule5,automaticdoor,kickingmedallion,IDcardpassword,remotetransceivermodule,electriccaralarm,tel
18、escopicdoors,electronicdisplayscreen,motorcyclealarm.PLC(ProgrammableController,hereinafterreferredtoasPLC).PLCisintheorderofthetraditionalcontrollerisintroducedonthebasisofmicroelectronicstechnology,computertechnology,automaticcontroltechnologyandcommunicationtechnologytoformanewgenerationofindustr
19、ialcontroldevice,thepurposeistoreplacerelay,executethesequencecontrolfunctionsuchaslogic,timing,counting,establishflexibleSPCsystem.Programmablecontrollerhasthestrongability,highreliability,flexibleconfiguration,simpleprogramming,etc,isamajormeansofcontemporaryindustrialproductionautomationandautoma
20、tioncontrolequipment.DuetotheadvantagesofPLCinautomaticcontrol,thusiswidelyquotedintheautomaticdoorsystem.DuetothePLCinthedevelopment,therefore,fortheexactdefinitionismoredifficult.Americanelectricalmanufacturersassociation(NEMA)afterfouryearsofresearchwork,in1980,officiallynamedProgrammableControll
21、erPC(ProgrammableController),butaPersonalComputerPC(PersonalComputer)inordertodistinguish,oftenreferredtoasPLCProgrammableController,andmakesadefinitionforPLC,ProgrammableControllerisakindofwithinstructionmemoryanddigitaloranaloginput/outputinterface,withanoperationisgivenpriorityto,canfinishthelogi
22、c,sequence,timing,countingandarithmetic,andotherfunctions,isusedtocontrolthemachineortheproductionprocessautomationcontroldevice.In1985aseconddraft,andin1987thethirddraftofPLCinthefollowingdefinition:aPLCisadigitaloperationoftheelectronicsystem,designedforindustrialenvironmentapplicationanddesign.It
23、USESaprogrammemory,usedinitsinternalstorageimplementationlogicoperation,sequenceoperation,timing,countingandarithmeticoperationinstruction,andcanthroughdigitaloranaloginputandoutput,controlvarioustypesofmachineryorproductionprocess.Programmablecontrollerandrelatedperipheralequipment,shouldbeinaccord
24、ancewiththeeasilyandindustrialcontrolsystemasawhole,easytoexpanditsfunctiondesignprinciples.AboveshowsthatthedefinitionofPLCisakindofcanbedirectlyappliedtotheindustrialenvironmentofthedigitalelectronicdevices,isbasedonmicroprocessor,combinedwithcomputertechnology,automaticcontroltechnologyandcommuni
25、cationtechnology,inprocesscontrolandtheusersnaturallanguageprogrammingofasimple,convenientoperation,highreliabilityofanewgenerationofgeneralindustrialcontroldevice.2.ThemainfunctionsofthePLC(1)theswitchcontrollogicandorderThisisthemostwidelyPLCapplication,thebasicsituation.Itsmainfunctionistocomplet
26、eswitchlogicandsequentiallogiccontrol,andthuscanrealizevariouscontrolrequirements.(2)thesimulationcontrol(A/DandD/Acontrol)Manycontinuousvariationintheprocessofindustrialproduction,theneedtocontrolthephysicalquantities,suchastemperature,pressure,flow,level,etc.,theseallbelongtoanalog.Longerthaninthe
27、past,thePLClogiccontrol,analogcontrolmainlybyinstrumentordistributedcontrolsystem,PLCproductspossessmuchnowdealingwiththiskindofanalogfunctions,andprogrammingandeasytouse.(3)thetiming/countingcontrolPLChasastrongtimingandcountingfunctions,itcanprovideuserswithdozensorevenhundredsoftimersandcounters.
28、Forthetimer,timerintervalcanbesetbytheuser;Tocounter,ifneedtocountofhighfrequencysignal,canchoosehighspeedcounter.(4)thesteppercontrolPLCprovidesuserswithacertainnumberofshiftregister,useshiftregistercaneasilyfinishsteppingcontrolfunction.(5)motioncontrolInthemechanicalprocessingindustry,programmabl
29、econtrollerandthecomputernumericalcontrol(CNC)integratedtogether,tocompletemachinetoolmotioncontrol.(6)dataprocessingMostPLChasadifferentdegreeofthedataprocessingability,itnotonlycanperformarithmeticoperations,datatransmission,butalsofordatacomparison,dataconversion,datashowstheprintoperation,alsoca
30、nundertakesomePLCfloatingpointarithmetic,andfunctionaloperation.(7)communicationnetworkPLChasthefunctionofcommunicationnetwork,itmakesPLCandbetweenPLCanduppercomputer,PLCandotherintelligencetoexchangeinformationbetweendevices,formaunifiedwhole,realizethecentralizedcontrol.PLCcansorapiddevelopment,in
31、additiontotheobjectivedemandoftheindustrialautomation,hasmanyuniqueadvantages.Itwellsolvedinthefieldofindustrialcontrolwidelyconcernaboutthereliable,safe,flexible,convenient,economicandotherissues.Itsmainfeaturesareasfollows:(1)highreliabilityReliabilityreferstotheaveragetrouble-freeworkingtimeprogr
32、ammablecontroller.Duetotheprogrammablecontrollerhasadoptedaseriesofhardwareandsoftwareanti-interferencemeasures,stronganti-interferenceability,MTBFreachingtensofthousandsofhours,canbedirectlyappliedtoindustrialproductionfieldhaveastronginterference.Programmablecontrolleristhemassesofusersrecognizedt
33、obeoneofthemostreliableindustrialcontrolequipment.(2)controlfunctionisstrongAsmallprogrammablecontrollerwithhundredsofthousandsofprogrammingelementsavailableforuserstouse,canachieveverycomplicatedcontrolfunction.Comparedwiththesamefunctionofrelaysystem,ithastheveryhighcostperformance.Programmablecon
34、trollercanbethroughthecommunicationnetwork,realizesthedecentralizedcontrolandcentralizedmanagement.(3)theusereasytouseProgrammablecontrollerproductshavebeenstandardization,seriation,modularization,equippedwithawiderangeofvarioushardwaredevicesforuserselection,userscanconvenientlyflexiblesystemconfig
35、uration,systemcomposedofdifferentfunctions,differentscale.Programmablecontrollerwouldbeveryconvenientfortheinstallationofwiring,strongloadcapacity,candirectdrivegeneralsolenoidvalveandaccontactor.Thehardwareconfigurationisdetermined,youcanchangetheuserprogram,convenienttoquicklyadapttochangesinproce
36、ssconditions.(4)programmingconvenient,simpleLadderdiagramisaprogrammablecontrolleristhemostusedprogramminglanguage,thesymbol,expressionwayandtherelaycircuitprinciplediagramissimilar.Ladderdiagramlanguage,image,intuitive,simple,easytolearn,familiarwiththerelaycircuitdiagramoftheelectricaltechnicianju
37、stspendafewdaystimecanbefamiliarwithladderdiagramlanguage,andusedtopreparetheuserprogram.(5)thedesign,installation,commissioningperiodisshortProgrammablecontrolforsoftwarefunctionreplacedtherelaycontrolsystemofalargenumberofintermediaterelays,timerelays,counters,etc.,makethecontrolcabinetdesign,inst
38、allation,wiringgreatlyreducetheworkload,shortentheconstructionperiod.Programmablecontrolleroftheuserprogramcanbesimulatedinthelaboratorydebugging,simulationdebugagainaftergoodwillintheproductionsiteforinstallationandwiringofPLCcontrolsystem,atthesceneofproblemsfoundinthetrackingprocessbymodifyingthe
39、programcansolve,greatlyshortenthedesigncycleandwasputintooperation.(6)easytorealizemechanicalandelectricalintegrationProgrammablecontrollerissmallinsize,lightweight,lowpowerconsumption,vibrationresistant,moistureproofandheatresistantcapabilityisstrong,makingthemeasytoinstallinsidethemachineequipment
40、,producemechanicalandelectricalintegrationproducts.NowwithPLCasthecontrollerofCNCequipmentanddevicehasbecomeatypicalrobot.自动门及其控制系统介绍 作者：吉恩F.富兰克林 单位：普林斯顿大学 地址：新泽西州普林斯顿学院东路 755号邮编08540作为人类文明的产物，自动门已经发展了几十年，到目前为止，通过PLC控制系统和其他技术产品的应用，再加上其控制技术的成熟，自动门控制系统已经成型。根据不同的要求，人们也制定了一系列标准。在中国人民共和国中国自动门(2005-12-01)
41、标准中，写明自动门标准的内容主要包括：建筑物的自动门的分类规则包括程序，材料，要求，试验方法，检验规则和标志，包装，运输和储存。本标准适用于推拉自动门自动门（弧），折平开自动门，自动门，旋转门，以及他自动门。对于自动门的特殊要求，还应看其相关标准。门和人类文明是息息相关的，它伴随着人类文明的发展。数千年来，门一直作为人类社会活动的守护神，阻止房间的入侵者，并作为人类社会活动的通道，门承载着人类文明。人的欲望创造着文明。从古埃及的罗马到今天的现代社会中，可以看到门变化。过去，门起着隔离屏障，和通道的作用。在二十一世纪的今天，门更加突出了安全理念，也强调了有效性。包括通道，疏散，也涉及了建筑艺术的概念，门和建筑与周边环境应该是协调和谐的整体。自动门起源于欧洲和美国，在1802年8月，德标公司成功设计并开发出了世界上第一个感应自动门，自动门大规模专业化生产始于150年前，在不断发展和完善的过程中，涌现出一大批的专业