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1、毕业论文外文文献与翻译（一）Automatic?door?and?its?control?system?introduction Author：GeneF.Franklin Unit:?Princeton?University? 755?College?Road?East,? Princeton,?NJ?08540 Product?of?human?civilization,?automatic?doors?have?been?dozens?of?years?of? development,?so?far,?through?the?application?of?PLC?control?syst
2、em?and?other?technology?products,?already?have?and?its?control?technology,?formed?the?large?scale?automatic?door?of?the?family.?And?according?to?different?requirements,?formulated?a?series?of?standards.?Peoples?Republic?of?China?in?the?2005-12-01?standard?of?China?automatic?door?number,?standard?con
3、tent?mainly?include:?rules?for?building?the?classification?of?the?various?kinds?of?automatic?door,?specifications,?codes,?materials,?requirements,?test?methods,?inspection?rules?and?signs,?packaging,?transport?and?storage.?This?standard?applies?to?push-pull?automatic?door?automatic?doors?(arc),?fold
4、?the?flat?open?automatic?doors,?automatic?doors,?revolving?doors.?You?may?refer?to?other?automatic?door.?Have?special?requirements?of?automatic?doors,?still?should?see?its?related?standards.Door?and?human?civilization?is?a?twin,?it?is?accompanied?by?the?development?of?human?civilization?and?chatter.
5、?For?thousands?of?years,?the?door?has?been?as?the?patron?saint?of?the?human?society?activities,?intruder?in?the?room,?and?as?a?channel?of?human?social?activities,?carrying?the?door?and?civilization,?pursuing?people?to?yearn?for?the?glory?of?the?other?shore.Human?desire?is?endless?to?civilization.?Fr
6、om?ancient?Egypt?to?Roman?to?todays?modern?society,?can?see?the?door?move.Past,?passive?isolation?barrier?function?of?the?door?is,?and?the?channel?role?is?to?ensure?that?only?traffic.Today?in?the?21st?century,?the?door?even?more?highlighted?safety?concept,?emphasizes?the?effectiveness:?effectively?p
7、revent,?passage,?evacuation,?and?also?highlights?the?concept?of?architectural?art,?door?and?building?and?the?surrounding?environment?coordination,?the?harmonious?whole.? Door?advanced?forms?of?automatic?door?originated?in?Europe?and?the?United?States,?in?August?1802,?the?German?standard?company?succ
8、essfully?designed?and?developed?the?worlds?first?sensing?automatic?doors,?door?large-scale?specialized?production?began?in?the?150?years?ago,?in?the?process?of?constant?development?and?perfection,?emerged?a?large?number?of?scale?of?professional?manufacturers.?Rapid?development?to?today,?has?formed?a
9、?complete?kinds,?function?perfect,?workmanship?fineautomatic?door?of?the?family.China?as?early?as?more?than?a?decade?ago?began?torefer?to?the?automatic?doors,?and?apply?it?in?the?hotel,?airport,?shopping?centers,?Banks,?office?buildings?and?other?large?and?medium-sized?public?places,?for?these?build
10、ings?added?bright?beautiful,?chic,?colorful.Automatic?door?according?to?the?different?use?function?and?can?be?divided?into?automatic?sliding?door,?automatic?door,?automatic?revolving?door,?automatic?arc?door,?automatic?folding?door,?etc.,?including?flat?door?with?fewer?occasions,?revolving?door?due?
11、to?the?expensive?and?very?big,?only?commonly?used?in?high-grade?hotels,?in?need?automatic?sliding?door?is?most?widely?used,?people?generally?say?automatic?door,?automatic?induction?door?is?sliding?door.Automatic?sliding?door?is?the?most?common?form?of?automatic?door?machine?add?radar?on?both?inner?s
12、ide?and?outside?of?the?door,?automatic?door?when?the?man?came?near,?the?radar?by?emitting?microwave?induction?to?mans?existence,?open?the?door?to?the?controller?a?signal,?the?controller?through?the?drive?to?open?the?door.?When?the?man?by?the?door,?and?then?closed?the?door.Another?form?of?infrared?se
13、nsor,?mainly?through?the?infrared?to?feel?the?temperature?changes?within?the?specified?range,?when?people?walk?into,?microwave?induction?the?emission?signal?control?changes?in?the?door.? Microwave?sensors?and?infrared?sensors?difference?is?mainly:?microwave?sensor,?also?known?as?microwave?radar,?rea
14、ction?to?the?movement?of?the?object,?and?reaction?speed,?suitable?for?walking?speed?normal?personnel?through?the?place,?its?characteristic?is?that?once?the?door?near?the?staff?dont?want?to?go?out?and?motionless,?radar?will?no?longer?response,?automatic?door?will?be?closed,?likely?clamping?phenomenon
15、.?Infrared?sensors,?exist?in?response?to?the?object,?regardless?of?whether?or?not?mobile?staff,?as?long?as?in?sensor?scanning?range,?it?will?respond.?Reaction?speed?is?slower?than?the?microwave?sensor?of?infrared?sensors.? According?to?different?requirements?of?some,?some?manufacturers?in?the?produc
16、tion?of?automatic?doors?can?increase?some?personal?function,?facilitate?the?management?and?maintenance.?Such?as?fuzhou?blue?electronic?co.,?LTD.,?automatic?door,?it?has?the?following?characteristics:?1,?automatic?door?sensors?react?to?the?movement?of?objects?in?microwave,?sensitivity?is?adjustable,?
17、stable?performance!?2,?automatic?encryption?gather?multi-function?remote?control?into?an?organic?whole,?the?induction?door?for?encryption,?can?avoid?the?project?appears?on?the?welsh,?bad?debts,?etc.?Phenomenon,?thus?effectively?protect?the?interests?of?dealers,?at?the?same?time,?can?realize?the?remo
18、te?control?to?open?the?door,?always?open,?lock,?unlock;?Has?connected?to?the?card?reader,?fingerprint,?home?button,?peripheral?devices,?such?as?electric?lock?functions.?3,?safety?light?can?effectively?overcome?the?blind?area?ofinductive?probe?sensor?is?less?than,?so?that?the?induction?door?safer.?4,
19、?self-help?bank?card?slot?machine?overall?design,?ABS?electroplating?shell?durable?and?convenient?to?install,?can?match?any?bank?ATM?card,?no?card?capacity?limits,?imported?alloy?head,?super?wear-resistant?high?sensitivity,?high?(400)?or?low?resistance?(300)?Oe?file?can?be?used;?Is?suitable?for?the?
20、self-service?bank.?Microwave?module?5,?automatic?door,?kicking?medallion,?ID?card?password,?remote?transceiver?module,?electric?car?alarm,?telescopic?doors,?electronic?display?screen,?motorcycle?alarm.? PLC?(Programmable?Controller,?hereinafter?referred?to?as?PLC).?PLC?is?in?the?order?of?the?traditi
21、onal?controller?is?introduced?on?the?basis?of?microelectronics?technology,?computer?technology,?automatic?control?technology?and?communication?technology?to?form?a?new?generation?of?industrial?control?device,?the?purpose?is?to?replace?relay,?execute?the?sequence?control?function?such?as?logic,?timin
22、g,?counting,?establish?flexible?SPC?system.?Programmable?controller?has?the?strong?ability,?high?reliability,?flexible?configuration,?simple?programming,?etc,?is?a?major?means?of?contemporary?industrial?production?automation?and?automation?control?equipment.?Due?to?the?advantages?of?PLC?in?automatic
23、?control,?thus?is?widely?quoted?in?the?automatic?door?system.? Due?to?the?PLC?in?the?development,?therefore,?for?the?exact?definition?is?more?difficult.?American?electrical?manufacturers?association?(NEMA)?after?four?years?of?research?work,?in?1980,?officially?named?Programmable?Controller?PC?(Progr
24、ammable?Controller),?but?a?Personal?Computer?PC?(Personal?Computer)?in?order?to?distinguish,?often?referred?to?as?PLC?Programmable?Controller,?and?makes?a?definition?for?PLC,?Programmable?Controller?is?a?kind?of?with?instruction?memory?and?digital?or?analog?input/output?interface,?with?an?operation?
25、is?given?priority?to,?can?finish?the?logic,?sequence,?timing,?counting?and?arithmetic,?and?other?functions,?is?used?to?control?the?machine?or?the?production?process?automation?control?device.? In?1985?a?second?draft,?and?in?1987?the?third?draft?of?PLC?in?the?following?definition:?a?PLC?is?a?digital?
26、operation?of?the?electronic?system,?designed?for?industrial?environment?application?and?design.?It?USES?a?program?memory,?used?in?its?internal?storage?implementation?logic?operation,?sequence?operation,?timing,?counting?and?arithmetic?operation?instruction,?and?can?through?digital?or?analog?input?an
27、d?output,?control?various?types?of?machinery?or?production?process.?Programmable?controller?and?related?peripheral?equipment,?should?be?in?accordance?with?the?easily?and?industrial?control?system?as?a?whole,?easy?to?expand?its?function?design?principles.Above?shows?that?the?definition?of?PLC?is?a?ki
28、nd?of?can?be?directly?applied?to?the?industrial?environment?of?the?digital?electronic?devices,?is?based?on?microprocessor,?combined?with?computer?technology,?automatic?control?technology?and?communication?technology,?in?process?control?and?the?users?natural?language?programming?of?a?simple,?convenie
29、nt?operation,?high?reliability?of?a?new?generation?of?general?industrial?control?device.? 2.The?main?functions?of?the?PLC? (1)?the?switch?control?logic?and?order? ?This?is?the?most?widely?PLC?application,?the?basic?situation.?Its?main?function?is?to?complete?switch?logic?and?sequential?logic?control
30、,?and?thus?can?realize?various?control?requirements.? (2)?the?simulation?control?(A/D?and?D/A?control)? ?Many?continuous?variation?in?the?process?of?industrial?production,?the?need?to?control?the?physical?quantities,?such?as?temperature,?pressure,?flow,?level,?etc.,?these?all?belong?to?analog.?Longe
31、r?than?in?the?past,?the?PLC?logic?control,?analog?control?mainly?by?instrument?or?distributed?control?system,?PLC?products?possess?much?now?dealing?with?this?kind?of?analog?functions,?and?programming?and?easy?to?use.? (3)?the?timing/counting?control? ?PLC?has?a?strong?timing?and?counting?functions,?
32、it?can?provide?users?with?dozens?or?even?hundreds?of?timers?and?counters.?For?the?timer,?timer?interval?can?be?set?by?the?user;?To?counter,?if?need?to?count?of?high?frequency?signal,?can?choose?high?speed?counter.? (4)?the?stepper?control? ?PLC?provides?users?with?a?certain?number?of?shift?register,
33、?use?shift?register?can?easily?finish?stepping?control?function.? (5)?motion?control? ?In?the?mechanical?processing?industry,?programmable?controller?and?the?computer?numerical?control?(CNC)?integrated?together,?to?complete?machine?tool?motion?control.? (6)?data?processing? ?Most?PLC?has?a?different
34、?degree?of?the?data?processing?ability,?it?not?only?can?perform?arithmetic?operations,?data?transmission,?but?also?for?data?comparison,?dataconversion,?data?shows?the?print?operation,?also?can?undertake?some?PLC?floating?point?arithmetic,?and?functional?operation.? (7)?communication?network? ?PLC?ha
35、s?the?function?of?communication?network,?it?makes?PLC?and?between?PLC?and?upper?computer,?PLC?and?other?intelligence?to?exchange?information?between?devices,?form?a?unified?whole,?realize?the?centralized?control.? ?PLC?can?so?rapid?development,?in?addition?to?the?objective?demand?of?the?industrial?a
36、utomation,?has?many?unique?advantages.?It?well?solved?in?the?field?of?industrial?control?widely?concern?about?the?reliable,?safe,?flexible,?convenient,?economic?and?other?issues.?Its?main?features?are?as?follows:? (1)?high?reliability? ?Reliability?refers?to?the?average?trouble-free?working?time?pro
37、grammable?controller.?Due?to?the?programmable?controller?has?adopted?a?series?of?hardware?and?software?anti-interference?measures,?strong?anti-interference?ability,?MTBF?reaching?tens?of?thousands?of?hours,?can?be?directly?applied?to?industrial?production?field?have?a?strong?interference.?Programmab
38、le?controller?is?the?masses?of?users?recognized?to?be?one?of?the?most?reliable?industrial?control?equipment.? (2)?control?function?is?strong? ?A?small?programmable?controller?with?hundreds?of?thousands?of?programming?elements?available?for?users?to?use,?can?achieve?very?complicated?control?function.
39、?Compared?with?the?same?function?of?relay?system,?it?has?the?very?high?cost?performance.?Programmable?controller?can?be?through?the?communication?network,?realizes?the?decentralized?control?and?centralized?management.? (3)?the?user?easy?to?use? ?Programmable?controller?products?have?been?standardiza
40、tion,?seriation,?modularization,?equipped?with?a?wide?range?of?various?hardware?devices?for?user?selection,?users?can?conveniently?flexible?system?configuration,?system?composed?of?different?functions,?different?scale.?Programmable?controller?would?be?very?convenient?for?the?installation?of?wiring,?
41、strong?load?capacity,?can?direct?drive?general?solenoid?valve?and?ac?contactor.?The?hardware?configuration?is?determined,?you?can?change?the?user?program,?convenient?to?quickly?adapt?to?changes?in?process?conditions.? (4)?programming?convenient,?simpleLadder?diagram?is?a?programmable?controller?is?t
42、he?most?used?programming?language,?the?symbol,?expression?way?and?the?relay?circuit?principle?diagram?is?similar.?Ladder?diagram?language,?image,?intuitive,?simple,?easy?to?learn,?familiar?with?the?relay?circuit?diagram?of?the?electrical?technician?just?spend?a?few?days?time?can?be?familiar?with?lad
43、der?diagram?language,?and?used?to?prepare?the?user?program.? (5)?the?design,?installation,?commissioning?period?is?short? ?Programmable?control?for?software?function?replaced?the?relay?control?system?of?a?large?number?of?intermediate?relays,?time?relays,?counters,?etc.,?make?the?control?cabinet?desi
44、gn,?installation,?wiring?greatly?reduce?the?workload,?shorten?the?construction?period.?Programmable?controller?of?the?user?program?can?be?simulated?in?the?laboratory?debugging,?simulation?debug?again?after?good?will?in?the?production?site?for?installation?and?wiring?of?PLC?control?system,?at?the?sce
45、ne?of?problems?found?in?the?tracking?process?by?modifying?the?program?can?solve,?greatly?shorten?the?design?cycle?and?was?put?into?operation.? (6)?easy?to?realize?mechanical?and?electrical?integration? ?Programmable?controller?is?small?in?size,?light?weight,?low?power?consumption,?vibration?resistan
46、t,?moisture?proof?and?heat?resistant?capability?is?strong,?making?them?easy?to?install?inside?the?machine?equipment,?produce?mechanical?and?electrical?integration?products.?Now?with?PLC?as?the?controller?of?CNC?equipment?and?device?has?become?a?typical?robot. 自动门及其控制系统介绍? 作者：吉恩 F. 富兰克林单位：普林斯顿大学地址：新泽
47、西州普林斯顿学院东路 755号?邮编 08540 作为人类文明的产物，自动门已经发展了几十年，到目前为止，通过PLC控制系统和其他技术产品的应用，再加上其控制技术的成熟，自动门控制系统已经成型。根据不同的要求，人们也制定了一系列标准。在中国人民共和国中国自动门(2005-12-01) 标准中，写明自动门标准的内容主要包括：建筑物的自动门的分类规则包括程序，材料，要求，试验方法，检验规则和标志，包装，运输和储存。本标准适用于推拉自动门自动门（弧），折平开自动门，自动门，旋转门，以及他自动门。对于自动门的特殊要求，还应看其相关标准。门和人类文明是息息相关的，它伴随着人类文明的发展。数千年来，门一直
48、作为人类社会活动的守护神，阻止房间的入侵者，并作为人类社会活动的通道，门承载着人类文明。人的欲望创造着文明。从古埃及的罗马到今天的现代社会中，可以看到门变化。过去，门起着隔离屏障，和通道的作用。在二十一世纪的今天，门更加突出了安全理念，也强调了有效性。包括通道，疏散，也涉及了建筑艺术的概念，门和建筑与周边环境应该是协调和谐的整体。? 自动门起源于欧洲和美国，在1802年 8 月，德标公司成功设计并开发出了世界上第一个感应自动门，自动门大规模专业化生产始于150年前，在不断发展和完善的过程中，涌现出一大批的专业厂家。自动门快速发展到今天，已经形成了一个种类齐全，功能完善，家庭化标准的体系。中国早
49、在十多年前就开始研究生产自动门，并把它应用在酒店，机场，商场，银行，写字楼等大中型公共场所，为这些建筑增添了亮丽光彩。自动门根据不同的使用功能，可分为自动滑门，自动门，自动旋转门，自动门，自动折叠门等，在较少的场合，也包括平板门。而旋转门由于价格昂贵和非常大的，一般只用于高档酒店。自动滑动门的应用则最为广泛，人们通常说的自动感应门是滑动门。自动滑门是自动门机的最常见的形式，在内、外侧的门中添加雷达，当人走近时，通过雷达发射的微波感应到人的存在，给控制器信号，控制器通过驱动开门。当人通过门，然后关上了门。另一种形式的红外传感器，主要通过红外感觉在指定的范围内的温度变化，当人们走进，感应门发射信号
50、控制变化。? 微波感应器和红外感应器的区别主要是：微波传感器，也称为微波雷达，对目标的运动有反应，速度快，适用于行走速度正常的人员通过。它的特点是，如果靠近门而不想出去，只要静止不动。雷达就不再感应，自动门就会关闭，有可能会出现卡死现象。红外传感器，只要感应的对象存在，无论移动的人员如何移动，只要在传感器的扫描范围内，它就会回应，反应速度比微波传感器慢。? 根据不同的要求，在自动门的一些生产厂家可以增加一些个人功能，可以方便管理和维护。如福州蓝天电子有限公司生产的自动门，它具有以下特点：1，自动门传感器在感应物体运动时，灵敏度可调，性能稳定。2，增加密集多功能远程控制，从而使感应门成为一个加密