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1、英语语态 - 被动语态学习一、被动语态的定义： 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态： 主动语态和被动语态。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如：English is spoken by many people. 主语 English 是动词 speak的承受者。如：He opened the door. 他开了门。 (主动句 ) The door was opened. 门被开了。 (被动句 ) 二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“ be过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来的。以 teach为例：一般现在时： amisaretaug
2、ht 一般过去时： wasweretaught 一般将来时： will shall betaught 现在进行时： amisare being taught 过去进行时： havehas been taught 现在完成时： havehas been taught 口诀： “被动语态 be字变，过去分词跟后面” 。三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑昨晚被盗了。(不知电脑是谁偷的 ) (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调执行者。如：The window was broken
3、 by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。“谁做动作不知道，说出谁做没必要” ；四、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构 (be过去分词 ) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be的形式 )。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：1.All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all the people. 2.They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are
4、madeby themin the factory. “宾变主，主变宾， by+主语后面跟； be动词后面加“过分”。主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语， 即其被动语态有两种形式。 但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth. 杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 但若直接宾语 (物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me
5、a book. A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A.found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2 English _ in Canad
6、a. A.speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A.often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung ( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made ( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A.is used B. are
7、 using C. are used D. have used ( ) 6 Our room must _ clean. A.keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 7 -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold ()8A new house _ at the corner of the road. A.is building B. is being built C. been bu
8、ilt D. be building ( ) 9 The key _ on the table when I leave. A.was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left ( ) 10 Doctors _ in every part of the world. A.need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need ( )11 His new book_ next month. A.will be publishedB. is publishing C. is being published
9、D. has been published ( ) 12 Japanese _ in every country. A.is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking () 13 These papers_yet. A. have not writtenB. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written ( ) 14 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A.didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt