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1、英语中的被动语态及练习_被动语态 一、被动语态的基本形式 1.被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由 be过去分词构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时 Visitors _(request)not to touch the exhibits.2）was/were done 一般过去时 I _(give)ten minutes to decide which I should choose.3）has/have been done 现在完成时 All the preparat
2、ions _(complete).4）had been done 过去完成时 By the end of last year,another new gym _(complete)in Beijing.5）am/is/are being done 现在进行时 A new cinema _(build)here 6）was/were being done 过去进行时 A meeting _(hold)when I was there.7）shall/will be done 一般将来时 Hundreds of jobs _(lose)if the factory closes.8）should/
3、would be done 过去将来时 The news _(send)to the soldiers mother.9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时 The project _(complete)before July.10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时 He told me that his new clothes _(make)very soon.2.被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。The baby should _(take)good care of by th
4、e baby-sitter.2)在使役动词 have,make,get 以及感官动词 see,watch,notice,hear,等后面不定式作宾 语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.?3.非谓语动词的被动语态:v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态。I dont like _(laugh)at in the public.I dont want _(laugh)at in the public.4.It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 一些表
5、示据说的动词如 believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think 等可以用于句型 Itis/was过去分词that 从句或主语be过去分词to do sth.。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that 大家相信，It is hoped that 大家希望，It is well 去时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时将来完成时过去将来完成时被动语态的特殊动结构中不定式要省略但变为被动结构时要加非谓语动词的被动语态形式及不定式也有被动语态从
6、句及其他类似句型家认为据建议二谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义英语中有很多动词如等当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时known that 众所周知，It is thought that 大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。It is said that the boy has passed the exam./The boy is said to have passed the exam.二、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1.英语中有很多动词如 lock，open，sell，read，write，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表
7、达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked.（指不会有人来锁门,指门没有锁是人的原因）2.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel,sound,taste,look,smell 常以主动形式表示被动意义。Your reason sounds reasonable.三、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 1 在 need，want，require 等词
8、的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不去时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时将来完成时过去将来完成时被动语态的特殊动结构中不定式要省略但变为被动结构时要加非谓语动词的被动语态形式及不定式也有被动语态从句及其他类似句型家认为据建议二谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义英语中有很多动词如等当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时能跟动词不定式；而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式
9、。The picture-book is well worth reading （The picture-book is very worthy to be read ）3.在 too to 结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is too expensive(for me)to buy.Exercises:1.It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.A)designed B)has been designed C)will be designed D)will have been des
10、igned 2.She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her.A)is taken B)takes C)will be taken D)has taken 3.Diamond _in Brazil in 1971.A)is found B)has been found C)was found D)had been found 4.Have you moved into the new flat?Not yet.The room_.A)has been painted B)is painted C)paints D)is being painted
11、 5.My pictures _until next Friday.A)wont develop B)arent developed C)dont develop D)won t be developed 6.Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago.A)had been unemployed B)was unemployed C)has been unemployed D)has unemployed 去时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时将来完成时过去将来完成时被动语态的特殊动结构中不定式要省略但变为被动结构时要加非谓语
12、动词的被动语态形式及不定式也有被动语态从句及其他类似句型家认为据建议二谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义英语中有很多动词如等当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时 7.Ill push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here.A)would be fined B)will be fined C)will being fined D)will have been fined 8.I found a bottle _dropped on the floor of Davids room.A)was B)had C)
13、had been D)is 9.You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator.Now _ sour.A)I smell B)it is smelt C)it smells D)it is smelling 10.I think much attention _your pronunciation.A)must be paid to B)ought to be paid C)must pay to D)should paid to 11.I dont remember _the cha nce to try this method.A)ha
14、ving been given B)to have been given C)having given D)to have given 12.The construction of the lab _by the end of next month.A)must be completing B)must have been completed C)will be completing D)will have been completed 13.As we approached the work site,the workers were seen _the new house.A)buildi
15、ng B)build C)built D)to build 14.The composition _ any more.A)need not to be corrected B)doesnt need to be corrected 去时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时将来完成时过去将来完成时被动语态的特殊动结构中不定式要省略但变为被动结构时要加非谓语动词的被动语态形式及不定式也有被动语态从句及其他类似句型家认为据建议二谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义英语中有很多动词如等当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时 C)doesnt need be corrected D)need not correct Keys:CACDD/CBCCA/ADAB 去时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时将来完成时过去将来完成时被动语态的特殊动结构中不定式要省略但变为被动结构时要加非谓语动词的被动语态形式及不定式也有被动语态从句及其他类似句型家认为据建议二谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义英语中有很多动词如等当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时