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1、学习必备欢迎下载中考英语 - 情态动词专题讲解与练习情态动词有具体的词义,但也 同助动词一样 ,需要 与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词 没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。考点一: can ,may,must等情态动词在陈述句中的用法:1. can的用法:(1).表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“ 能、会 ” ,尤其是生来具备的能力。如: She can swim fast, but I cant . 她能游得很快,但我不能。(2).表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。(3).表示 推测 ,意为 “ 可
2、能 ” ,常用于 否定句和疑问句中,此时cant译为 “ 不可能 ” 。如: Can it be our teacher? 那个人有可能是我们老师吗?No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall. 不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。2. could的用法:(1).can 的过去式,意为“ 能、会 ” ,表示过去的能力。如: He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。(2). could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气 ,此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could
3、you do me a favor? 你能帮我个忙吗?Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?Yes, you can.可以。 (注意回答)3. may 的用法:(1).表示 请求、许可 ,比 can 正式,如: May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。(2) .表示 推测,谈论可能性,意为 “ 可能,或许 ” ,一般用于肯定句中。如: It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢. 学习必备欢迎下载(3) .may
4、 的过去式为might ,表示推测 时。可能性低于may。如: He is away from school. He might be sick.他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。(4) . 表示 希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如: May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。May you succeed!祝你成功!4. must 的用法:(1).must 表示主观看法,意为“ 必须、一定 ” 。如: You must stay here until I come back. 在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。(2)对 must 引导的疑问句,肯
5、定回答为must,否定回答neednt 或 dont have to . 如: Must I hand in my homework right now?我必须现在交作业吗?No,you needn t.(4)must 表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。mustnt表示“ 禁止,不允许 ”如: The light is on, so he must be at home now. 灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。5. need 的用法:(1).need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,意为 “ 没有必要,不必” 。如: Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿
6、吗?Yes, you must .是的。 No. you needn t /dont have to .不,你不必。(2).need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式 。 如: I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。如果是 物作主语,一般用need doing 与 need to be done 这种情况下应注意两点:.主动形式的动名词doing 具有被动 的含义; .该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意
7、义不变。如:. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。need 的用法的助记口诀:实义动词表 “ 需要 ” ,后接名、代、不定式。need 后接动名词,主学习必备欢迎下载动形式表被动 。情态动词表 “ 需要 ” ,没有人称数之变。 其后直接加动原,多用疑问与否定。7. shall 的用法:shall 表示 征求对方意见(多用于 第一、三 人称) ,如: Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。(1).用“
8、 Lets do.”来提出建议。如:Lets go for a walk after supper. (2).用“ What/How about.?”来提出建议;about后接名词或动词ing 形式。如:What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us? (3).用“ Why not.? ”来提出建议,表示“何不”not 面后接动词原形。“ Why not.? ”实际上是“ Why dont you/we.? ”的简略形式。如:Why not meet at the school gate at eigh
9、t? Why dont we stay here another day? (4).用“ Would you like.? ”来提出建议,意思是“你想要吗?”Would you like 后可接名词或 不定式 。如: Would you like a cup of tea?Would you like to go and see her? 因此, 如果我们说: “去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法:Shall we go for a swim?Lets go for a swim ,shall we?What about/How about going swimming?Why not g
10、o for a swim?Would you like to go for a swim?What do you think of going for a swim? 8. should的用法:(1).should 意为 “ 应该 ” ,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如: We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境。(2)Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如: You should have finished your homework. 你应该已经完成作业了。(事实上你没有完成。) (3)be supposed to d
11、o=should do, ought to 可以代替should, 语气更强烈些。9. will 的用法:学习必备欢迎下载will 表示 意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。如:I will help you if Im free this afternoon. 今天下午如果我有空,我就会帮你。注意:1、will 在 there be 句型中的形式及其句式变换。there be 句型的一般将来时的形式就是there will be 。 (一定不能说there will have )例如: There are many students in our school. There will be m
12、any students in our school. There will be(is going to be) a sports meeting next week. 一定不能说 :There will have a sports meeting next week. 2、will 与 be going to 区别:. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些,如:He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. . be going to 表示根据主 观
13、判断将来肯定发生的事情,will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. . be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而will 则没有这个意思,如: She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. .在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to,而多用 will, 如:If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you a
14、nd help you. 10. had better 的用法:had better 意为 “ 最好 ” ,没有人称的变化,后面接 不带 to 的不定式 ,其否定形式为: had better not+ 动原 。如: We had better go now.我们最好现在就走。Youd better not give the book to him. 你最好不要把这本书给他。考点二:含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:1.对 may 引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:Yes,you may. Yes, of course. No, you cant. 学习必备欢迎下载2.对 must 引出的疑问句,回答
15、方式为:Yes, must. No, don t have to. 3.could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could 没有过去式的意思。Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗? Yes, you can.可以。 (注意回答)4. shall 引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种:Yes, please.All right.No, thank you. 5.would you的回答方式有以下几种:Yes, I will. (No, I won t.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainl
16、y. (No, thank you .)Yes, please. 考点三 :不同情态动词的否定意义也不同:1.(1).cant可译为 “ 不会 ” ,如: I can t play basketball.我不会打篮球。(2)当句子表推测时,用cant表达不可能 ,如: He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了,他正和Tom 下棋呢。(3)cant还可用来回答 “ May I ? ”这样的问句。如: May I come in ? 我可以进来吗?No, you cant.不,你不能。(4)cant还可用于固定习语中。cant help
17、 doing禁不住,情不自禁can t wait to do something 迫不及待地要做如: She cant help crying.她禁不住大哭起来。The children cant wait to open the box. 孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子。2. may 的否定式为may not ,译成 “ 可能不 ” ,如: He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。3.mustnt 不表示推测,而表示禁止。意义为 “ 禁止,不允许”- May I park my car here? -No,you mustn t.考点四 :情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动
18、语态的结构为:情态动词 + be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要学习必备欢迎下载兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。More and more trees must be planted in China. 在中国必须种植更多的树木。Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我们都看不到,因为它们离我们太远了。考点五 :情态动词表示推测的用法:一、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。1、can 表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。如: That man cant be her hu
19、sband. She is still single. Who is knocking at the door?Can it be the postman? 2、must 表示 肯定的推测 ,一般用于 肯定句 中。如: He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be working now, for the lights in his office are still on. 3、might 表示推测时不一定是may 的过去时,只是表示其可能性较may小。如: Where is Mr Li? He might be working in his offic
20、e. May Mr Li come? He might not come here. 4、must,may,might/could 都可以在肯定句中表“ 可能 ” 。其中 must 的语气最强, 可能性最大,其余依次递减 ;否定句用can t. 【情态动词易混点归纳】易混点一 : can和 be able to:两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形“ can”和过去式“could”两种形式,在其他时态中要用be able to 来表示。另外be able to 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如:Jim can t speak English.吉姆不会说英语。 He co
21、uld speak English at 5.他五岁时就会说英语。Well be able to see him next week. 下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive.他已经学习必备欢迎下载会开车了。 I m sure you ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。易混点二 :can和 may1. can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。如:
22、Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗?2. can 和 may 表示可能性时的区别:1)在肯定句中用might ,may,must,不用 can 2)在疑问句,否定句中用can, cant(不可能), 不用 may, must。 如: She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now? 他们现在可能在哪儿?That can t be true.那不可能是真的。易混点三 : may be和 maybe用法区别常用位置may be may 为情态动词, be 为动词原形句中,作谓语maybe 副词 ,大概、也许
23、,相当于perhaps 句首,作状语例如: He may be wrong , but I m not sure.也许他错了,但我也不确定。Maybe he is wrong. 情态动词练习题( )1. Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.A. mustn t B. may not C. can t D. needn t( ) 2. Must I stay at home, Mum? -No, you _.A. needn t B. mustn t C. don t D. may not( ) 3.
24、 Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? -Sorry, I cant. I _ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. 学习必备欢迎下载A. can B. may C. would D. have to ( ) 4. May I go to the cinema, Mum? -Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 o clock.A. can B. may C. must D. need ( ) 5. To make our
25、city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. needn t be thrown B. mustn t be thrownC. can t throw D. may not throw( ) 6. May I go out to play basketball, Dad? -No, you _. You must finish your homework first. A. mustn t B. may not C. couldn t D. needn t( ) 7. Where is Jack, please ? -He _ be in
26、the reading room. A. can B. need C. would D. must ( ) 8. Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li? -No, it _ be him. Mr Li is much taller. A. musnt B. may not C. can t D. needn t( ) 9. These books _ out of the reading room. You have to read them here. A. can t take B. must be taken C. can take D. must
27、n t be taken( ) 10. Must we hand in the papers now? -No, you _. A. can t B. may not C. mustn t D. needn t( ) 11. John _ go there with us tonight, but he isnt very sure about it. A. must B. can C. will D. may ( ) 12. May I stop here? -No, you _. A. mustn t B. might not C. needn t D. wont( )13. Could
28、I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should 学习必备欢迎下载( )14. Shall I tell John about the bad news? -No, you _. I think that will make him sad. A. needn t B. wouldn t C. shouldn t D. mustn t( )15. Someone is knocking at the door. Who _ it be? -It _ be Tom. He is still in the school. A. can; cant B. can; mustn t C. might; could D. might; may( )16. I need _ a new cellphone,for the old one needs_ . A. buy; to repair B. buy; repaired C. to buy; repairing D. buying; repair