[初一英语]七年级下册第一单元知识点总结.pdf

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1、Unit 1 Wheres your pen pal from? 词汇学习1、world n. the earth, the planet that we live on,世界e.g. You can send an e-mail message to somebody on the other side on the world in a few seconds. 在几秒钟之内你就能发送一封电子邮件给世界另一头的某个人。用法提示world 常与定冠词the 连用,表示 “ 世界;世间;世界上的人” 等意。如: What was the world like before there were

2、 any people in it? 在人类出现之前世界是什么样子呢?One day Id like to travel the world. 总有一天我要周游世界。常用词组World Cup 世界杯;世界杯足球赛all over the world 全界;普天下this world 今世;今生相关词worldly adj. 世间的world-famous adj. 闻名世界的2、language n. a language is the speech of a particular area or country ,语言e.g. What is the main language in Br

3、azil? 巴西的主要语言是什么?用法提示说、学习、会讲某种“ 语言 ” ,只用该语言的具体名称即可,不必再加language。如:I know English. 我会英语。而不说: I know English language.近义词speech n. 说话;说话的能力e.g. She is good at speech. 她擅长演说。常用词组常用搭配: bad language 脏话;骂人话the Chinese language 汉语the English language 英语world language 世界语body language 身体语言working language 工

4、作语言 written language 书面语言spoken language 口语the Chinese language 汉语the English language 英语world language 世界语native language 母语foreign language 外国语finger / sign language 手语mind your language 注意你的语言近义词: speech n. 说话;言语;演讲3、livev. you live somewhere if that is where your home is ,生活,居住e.g. She lives in

5、Beijing, but the rest of her family live in Shanghai. 她住在北京,家人则住在上海。用法提示live 可表示 “ 居住 ” 的意思。如果问Where do you live? 主要是问你 “ 居住和生活 ” 的地方,往往与home相关。如果要表示在旅馆或朋友家暂住几天,应用 stay,而不能用 live。如:She lives about ten miles from my house. 她的住处离我家大约有十英里远。Where will you stay while you are in London? 在伦敦时你住在哪儿?近义词stay

6、v. 住;留e.g. They stay at a hotel. 他们住在旅馆。常用词组live in a town 住在镇上live by 住在 附近live on 靠 生活相关词life n. 生命;生活living n. 生活4、 country n. a land with its own government and often its own language 国家;国土示例The company has branches in 15 countries. 这家公司在十五个国家有分公司。用法点击country 是可数名词,表示“ 国家 ” ,侧重 “ 疆土 ” 之意,如: He l

7、oves his country. 他热爱自己的国家。country 前面加 the 还可以表示 “ 郊外;乡村 ” ,相当于 countryside,如: Ive always wanted to live in the country. 我一直想在乡下。辨析 country,nation,state 和 land这四个词在作 “ 国家 ” 解时是近义词, 但侧重点不同。 country 侧重版图、疆域,意为 “ 国家;国土 ” 。nation侧重人民、国民、民族,意为“ 民族;国家 ” 。state侧重政权、政体,意为“ 国家;政府 ” 。land 意为 “ 国土;国家 ” ,带有感情色彩

8、,多用于文学作品中。词汇拓展常用搭配: in western countries 在西方国家mother country 祖国 developing country 发展中国家developed country 发达国家 country life 乡村生活country girl 乡下女孩 country music 乡村音乐all over the country 全国名人名言:And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.

9、(John Kennedy, 35th US president)“ 我的美国同胞们,不要问你的国家能为你做什么;而要问你能为自己的祖国做些什么。” (约翰 肯尼迪,美国第35 任总统)相关词: countryside n. 郊外;乡下;农村近义词: nation n. 国家;民族state n. 国家;政府land n. 国家;国土5、 live v. you live somewhere if that is where your home is 生活;居住示例She lives in Beijing, but the rest of her family lives in Shanhai

10、. 她住在北京,家人则住在上海。用法点击live 常用作不及物动词, 表示 “ 居住 ” 意思。如果问 Where do you live? 主要是问你 “ 居住和生活 ” 的地方,往往与 home 有关。如: She lives about ten miles from my house. 她的住所离我家大约有十英里远。如果要表示 “ 在旅馆或朋友家暂住几天” , 应用 stay, 不能用 live。 如:Where will you stay while you are in London? 在伦敦时你将住在哪儿?除非用以表示临时居住, 或强调现在居住, 通常 live 不用进行时形式,

11、如:Hes living in Beijing now, but will move to Wuhan soon. 他现在住在北京,但很快就要到武汉了。live 还可以用作及物动词,表示“ 过 的生活 ” ,如: He is living a happy life. 他过着幸福的生活。这句话也可以说He is living happily.词汇拓展常用搭配: live in town 住在镇上live in the country 住在乡下 live on 靠 生活live a happy life 过着幸福的生活live abroad 住在国外谚语: Live and let live. 待

12、人宽容如待己 Live and learn. 活到老,学到老。相关词: life n. 生命;生活 living n. 生活lively adj. 活泼的;精力充沛的近义词: stay v. 暂住;停留语言要点- Where is your pen pal from?- Hes from Australia.- What language does she speak?- She speaks English.- Where is Sydney?- In Australia.- I like going to the movies and playing sporUnit 2 Where is

13、 the post office? 1、pass v. you pass a place when you go past it,通过e.g. I pass the library on my way to school. 我去学校的路上经过图书馆。用法提示pass 作动词时表示“经过”。如:Turn right after passing the post office. 经过邮局后向右转。注意pass的基本含义为“经过”,其后所跟宾语不同,意义也不同。pass an ocean ,pass a desert 中的 pass 作“渡过;穿过;超过”解; pass a city,pass a

14、village,pass a street 中的pass 却是“从 , 的旁边经过”的意思。但表达“穿过”,应用pass through 或 pass along来表示,所有介词要试后面的宾语而定。如:The tramp passed along the street, followed by a group of naughty boys. 部队穿过街道,后面跟着一群调皮的孩子。近义词overtake v. 超过e.g. A police car with flashing lights was overtaking all the other cars. 一辆闪着警灯的警车超过了其他所有的

15、车子。常用词组pass away / pass on 逝世;过世pass sb. / sth. by 不注意;忽视pass for sb. / sth 被认为;被当作pass through 通过pass over 忽视;不注意相关词passable adj. 可通过的passage n. 通过;通道passing adj. 经过的;目前的;短暂的2、hopev. you hope something when you want it to happen, or to be so,希望;盼望;期待e.g. We are hoping for fine weather for your trip

16、. 我们希望此次旅行能有个好天气。近义词辨析 hope,wish 与 want这三个词都表示“希望”,都可以用作动词和名词。hope 既有主观愿望,又相信这愿望是能实现的。wish 只表示主观愿望,不考虑这种愿望是否能实现。hope 也表达“希望;想要”,但不如wish 那样正式,所表示愿望的口气也不如wish 强烈,但所表达的愿望很容易实现。want 是一个非常普通的常用词,尤其在口语中非常活跃。want 后接不定式,表示“想要做什么”,比hope to do 和 wish to do 的口气更随便,所表达的主观愿望并不十分强烈。want 之后可接名词或代词,表示“想要得到某物”,而wish

17、 和 hope 后面不可接名词, 需加介词 for 再接名词。 如:I want a pair of glasses. 我想要一副眼镜。 Hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算,作最坏的准备。He wished to see his daughter again before he died. 他希望在死之前能够再见一次女儿。常用词组hope for 希望;期待相关词hopeful adj. 怀有希望的;有希望的hopeless adj. 绝望的;办不到的;毫无办法的hopelessly adv. 无望地;绝望地hopefully ad

18、v. 有希望地;有前途地ifconj. if is used to talk about possible things ,(表条件)如果e.g. If I win this money, I will buy a new bike. 若我赢了这笔钱,我要买部新的自行车。用法提示在带有 if 的从句中,既可使用some (something, somewhere等),也可以用any (anything, anywhere 等),用some 时,肯定的稍微多一点,但区别不大。如:If you have any questions, dont hesitate to ask me. 如果你有任何问

19、题, 只管来问我。 If you find something interesting, please tell us. 如果你发现一些有趣的事情,请告诉我们。常用词组as if 好像if only 要, 就好3、arrivev. to reach a place,到达;抵达e.g. What time does the plane arrive in Washington? 飞机几点抵达华盛顿?用法提示1. arrive 表示到达某地,后面要接介词,到达的地方范围大时用in,地方小时多用at。如: They will arrive in Florida at midnight. 他们将在午夜

20、到达佛罗里达。They arrived at the station in the afternoon. 他们下午到达车站。2. arrive 作“到达” 解时,只表示一时的动作。不可以说: She has arrived for a month. 而应该说: She arrived a month ago. 她一个月前到了。3. arrive home 作“到家”解,但“到某人家”必须与at 连用。如: I guess he will arrive home in the evening. 我猜他将在晚上到家。I guess he will arrive at his parents hom

21、e in the evening. 我猜他将在晚上到他父母家。近义词reach v. 到达e.g. This train reached London at five. 这班列车 5 点到达伦敦。辨析 arrive at / in ,get to与 reacharrive at / in 意为“到达”,表示到达较大的地方用in,较小的地方用at。get to 也表示“到达”之意,可与任何地点连用。 reach 是及物动词, 意为“到达” , 其后直接接到达的地点。如:My father arrived in Shanghai. 我爸爸到达上海了。He arrived at the statio

22、n this morning. 今天早上他到达了火车站。He got to the hospital at nine this morning. 他上午九点到了医院。Li Ming reached Beijing the day before yesterday. 李明前天到达北京。反义词leave v. 离开e.g. We will leave tonight. 我们今晚将离开。常用词组arrive home 到家arrive here 到达这里arrive there 到达那里相关词arrival n. 到来;到达4、tour n. a journey which you visit se

23、veral places ,旅行;游历e.g. My parents are going on a tour of Europe this summer. 我的父母这个夏天将会去欧洲旅游。近义词travel v. 旅行e.g. Jim traveled to Tianjing yesterday. 杰姆昨天到天津旅行去了。journey n. (尤指陆路长途的)旅行;行程e.g. Have a safe journey! 一路平安!相关词tourism n. 旅游业tourist n. 旅游者touristy adj. 适于旅游的5、visitn. & v. you go on a visit

24、 somewhere when spend some time there,游览;参观e.g. My parents are going on a two-week visit to Venice. 我的父母将去威尼斯游览两周。用法提示1. 在英国英语中, 医务人员到患者家出诊,牧师到教区里的人家和公务人员外出视察、巡视多用visit。如:The doctor visits his patients at their homes. 医生到患者家里出诊。2. 在美国英语(尤其口语)中,visit 也作“叙谈;闲谈”解。如:Lets sit here and visit together for

25、a while. 让我们坐在这儿谈一会儿。近义词see v. 访问;遇见e.g. Were going to see grandma in hospital tomorrow. 我们明天要去医院探望奶奶。sightseeing n. 观光;游览e.g. Some people like to lie on the beach, but I prefer to go sightseeing. 有些人喜欢在海滩上躺着,但是我宁愿出去游览。tour n. 游览;旅行e.g. We went on a guided tour round the castle. 我们随着导游参观了城堡。常用词组pay

26、a visit to 参观formal visit 正式访问相关词visitor n. 参观者;访客6、throughprep. from one end or side of something to the other,穿过;通过e.g. The train went through a long tunnel. 火车穿过长长的隧道。近义词across prep. 穿过e.g. I helped a blind man across the street. 我帮助一个盲人过马路。常用词组go through 穿过;经历7、 beginningn. the beginning of a pe

27、riod or an event is the start of it ,开始(的部分);起点e.g. Were moving house at the beginning of March. 我们在三月初搬家。用法提示beginning 指时间或时期的开始时,通常是不可数名词。如:We were late, so we missed the beginning of the film. 我们迟到了,所以错过了电影的开头。反义词end n. 末尾e.g. At the end of the day, we were very tired but happy. 那天结束时,我们都很累但很快乐。常

28、用词组at the beginning of 在, 初期from the beginning 从一开始from beginning to end 从头到尾in the beginning 在开始时;起初8、housen. a building for people to live in ,房子;住宅e.g. My house is on a busy street. 我的房子住一条繁华的街道上。用法提示1. House Full 指戏院等的告示,意为“客满”。如果说某个戏“场场爆满”,可以说full houses,相反很不叫座,可用 small (thin) houses。如:“Hamlet”

29、 at the theater is playing to full houses. 那家戏院的 哈姆雷特很叫座。2. keep house 的意思是 “当家;管理家务” 。如:Her sister keeps house for her.她姐姐帮她管理家务。 keep (to) the house 意思是“呆在家里,不出门”。如:Her mother is old and always keeps (to) the house. 她母亲老了,总是呆在家里。常用词组house and home 家bring down the house 博得全场喝彩house arrest(也可说 home

30、arrest)软禁get on like a house on fire 一下子成好朋友,打得火热相关词housework n. 家务劳动house keeper n. 管家housewife n. 家庭主妇8、gardenn. a place to grow grass, vegetables and flowers,菜园;花园e.g. My mother is working in the garden. 我母亲在花园里做事。用法提示1. garden 用作名词,作“园;庭园”等解,是可数名词。在英国常用gardens表示“一个公园;一个公共娱乐场”, 或街区,街道等地名中的 “街;园;广

31、场”。 如:a zoological gardens 一个动物园; a botanical gardens 一个植物园; Calton Gardens 卡尔登街2. garden 指“花园;菜园;果园”,是可数名词。如:My father waters the garden every day. 我父亲每天都浇菜。相关词gardener n. 园丁garden party n. 游园会garden city 花园城市9、turnv. you turn when you move to face in a different direction ,转弯;转变方向e.g. Turn left at

32、 the end of this street. 在这条街道左转。近义词change v. 改变;改换;变化e.g. In autumn the leaves change from green to brown. 秋天树叶由绿色变成黄褐色。transform v. 改变;使转化;使改观e.g. A steam engine transforms heat into power. 蒸汽机把热转化为动力。常用词组turn up 调高turn on 打开turn off 关掉turn to 求助于;求教于turn over 翻倒;翻转turn down 关小;调低;降低相关词turning n.

33、转弯处turner n. 车工;旋工10、left adv. towards the left side,往左e.g. Turn left when you get to the bank. 你到银行时向左转。用法提示1. left 用作副词时, 表示“往左边; 向左面” , 修饰谓语动词, 在句中作状语。 如:Turn left on the first turning. 在第一个转弯处向左转。2. left and right 作为一个词组在句中作状语,前面不必加介词。如:He looked left and right. 他左顾右盼。近义词right adv. 往右e.g. Turn r

34、ight at the second crossing. 在第二个转弯处向右转。11、neighborhoodn. your neighborhood is the area you live in ,社区;附近地区e.g. Aunt Lisa lives in a quiet neighborhood on the edge of town. 利萨姑姑住在小镇边缘的一个宁静地区。用法提示美国人常把 neighborhood 当作形容词用,意思是“附近的;邻近的”等。如:neighborhood papers 附件的报纸; neighborhood schools 附近的学校近义词neighb

35、or n. 邻近的人或物;邻国e.g. We were neighbors at dinner. 我们用餐时坐在一起。常用词组in the neighborhood 附近(一带)相关词neighbor n. 邻人;邻居neighboring adj. 邻近的;相邻的neighborly adj. 和睦友好的12、 straight adv. without turning left or right ,径直地;直接地;成直线地e.g. Go straight on for two kilometers and youll get to the airport. 直行两公里,你就到机场了。近义词

36、directly adv. 直接地e.g. No. 125 flight flew to Nanjing directly. 125次航班直飞南京。常用词组come straight to the point. 直截了当地说;开门见山地说相关词straightaway adv. 立刻;马上13、 nearprep. Something that is near is only a short distance away,在 , 近旁e.g. My school is quite near, so I dont have to walk far. 我的学校很近,所以我不需要走很远。用法提示1.

37、near 作形容词可以用来表示距离“近的;不远的”,也可以以表示“关系近的;亲近的”。如:Can you tell me the nearest way to the British Museum? 你能告诉我去大英博物馆最近的路怎么走吗?2. near 在英国英语中常可用来指“左侧的;左手边的”。如:the nearside front wheel of a car 车的左前轮近义词nearby adj. 附近的e.g. a nearby town 附近的一个城镇neighboring adj. 邻近的;附近的e.g. a bus service between the town and t

38、he neighboring village 在城镇与附近村庄之间的公共汽车服务close adj. 临近的e.g. The park is very close to our apartment. 这个公园离我们的公寓很近。反义词far adj. 远的;遥远的e.g. Our school is far from here. 我们的学校离这儿很远。常用词组be near to 几乎;差点儿as near as 相差无几相关词nearly adv. 几乎;很接近地14、across prep. something that is across a street, a road, or a ri

39、ver is on the opposite side of it,横过。在对面e.g. There is a theater across the street. 街对面有一家戏院。用法提示across 用作介词时:1. 表示“从(某物)的一边到另一边”。如:She swam across the river. 她从河的这边游到那边。2. 表示“横过;在对面”,后面可接from。如: Their school is across the street. 他们的学校在街道的对面。Susan lives across the road. 苏珊住在路的对面。Across from the park

40、 is an old hotel. 公园的对面是一个老饭店。3. 表示“与 , 交叉”。如:At one point the railway line goes across the road. 在一个地方铁路与公路交叉。近义词through prep 穿过;通过e.g. We walked through the market to the track park. 我们穿过市场到了卡车停车场。辨析 through 与 acrossacross作为介词用时,意为“横过;穿过”,表示从一边横穿到另一边。如:A boy ran across the street. 一个男孩跑过了街道。throug

41、h 作为介词用时,意为“通过;从, 穿过”,既可表示从某物中间穿过,又可表示从一般到另一边横穿过。如:A river flows through the city. 一条河流流经这个城市。We can see the tree through the hole. 我们透过洞能看见那棵树。常用词组across from 在, 的对面15、avenue n. (avenue = ave)a broad street in a town, sometimes having trees on each side ,大街;林荫道e.g. That is Fifth Avenue. 那就是第五大道。用法提

42、示1. avenue 在美国之两旁有树的林荫道,或者是从大路接通住宅,两旁有树的小路或汽车道。在美国,avenue 可指任何广阔的道路。如:Trees line the avenues of the city.城市的大道两旁有许多树。2. 在美国说第几大道,前面不加定冠词the。如:The supermarket is on Fifth Avenue. 这家超市在第五大街。3. avenue 可引申为“途径;方法;渠道”。如:The best avenue to success is hard work. 成功的最佳方法是勤奋。 Books are avenue to knowledge.书籍

43、是获取知识的渠道。近义词street n. 街道e.g. The window looks onto the street. 窗户临街。辨析 avenue与 streetavenue 和 street 均指城市中的“街道”。avenue 多指南北走向的“纵街”或称“经路”。street 为“街道”的泛称,有时特指东西走向的“横街”,或称“纬路”。16、mail n. letters and packages that you receive by post,邮政;邮件e.g. Was there any mail for me this morning? 今天早上有我的邮件吗?用法提示通常做不

44、可数名词,多作邮件总称,一般不可数,但有时可作复数形式。如:the mails from New York 从纽约来的邮件近义词post n. 邮件e.g. Has the post come yet? 邮件来了吗?相关词mailbag n. 邮包;邮袋mailbox n. 邮箱;邮筒mailman n. 邮递员e-mail n. 电子邮件17、payv. you pay for something when you hand over money for it ,付钱;支付e.g. How much did you pay for your new computer game? 你的新电脑游

45、戏花了多少钱?用法提示付款买东西可有下面几种支付方式,注意配有不同的介词。pay in money (in cash = pay cash)付现款; pay in kind 用实物支付; pay by cheque以支票支付; pay by credit card 以信用卡支付常用词组pay for 支付;付款pay back 向 报复pay off 偿清(欠款)pay over 正式付款pay up 付清;还清pay attention to 对 注意相关词payable adj. 应支付的;可支付的paybed n. 自费病床payday n. 发薪日payee n. 受款人;收款人pay

46、master n. 出纳员18、parkn. a big piece of ground with grass and trees where people can relax,公园e.g. Helen has taken the dog for a walk in the park. 海伦带狗到公园里散步。用法提示1. 按语法规则,专有名词若以普通名词作中心词则要加the,但 park 构成专有名词表示公园名称时,其前无论是专有名词还是普通名词习惯上都不加the。如: Hyde Park 海德公园2. ball park 在美国英语中本作“球场,运动场”或“儿童游戏场”解。3. car pa

47、rk 指“停车场”。近义词garden n. 花园;公园e.g. a rose garden 一个玫瑰园常用词组park keeper 公园管理员相关词parkway n. 林荫大道parkland n. 公用场地19、postn. the collection, transport and delivery of letters and parcels, or the letters and parcels that are sent,邮件;邮寄e.g. Has todays post arrived yet? 今天的邮件来了吗?近义词mail n. 邮件;邮包e.g. She is ope

48、ning her mail. 她在打开她的邮件。辨析 post 和 mail:post 作“ 邮政 ” 解时为英国英语,mail 为美国英语。如:Ted sent a letter home by mail yesterday. 昨天特德通过邮政寄了一封信回家。常用词组post office 邮局相关词postcard n. 明信片postbox n. 邮筒postcode n. 邮政编码20、officen. a building or a set of rooms where people work together in some kind of business ,办公室;事务所e.g

49、. Is there a post office near here? 附近有邮局吗?用法提示1. office 可表示 “ 政府机关的部、局、处及其建筑物” 。如: the Foreign Office 外交部。2. 也可表示 “ 职位;职务;工职” 。如: Which party will be in office after the next general election?哪一党会在下次大选后执政?常用词组office bearer 公务员office boy 勤杂工office block 办公大楼相关词officer n. 军官;(政府的)官员official adj. 公务的;官方的;正式的语言要点1. - Wheres the post office?- Its on Bridge Street.2. - Is there a bank near here?- Yes, theres a bank on Center Street.3. Excuse me.向陌生人问路时,应先说一声“Excuse me. ”以引起对方的注意。4. across from; next to; between . and .; in front of; behind5. turn left / turn right; go str

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