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1、英语四级阅读猜词技巧英语四级阅读猜词技巧一、内在逻辑关系依据内在逻辑关系推想词义是指运用语言学问分析和推断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系,然后依据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。1、依据对比关系揣测词义在一个句子或段落中,有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述,我们可以依据生词或难词的反义词揣测其词义。Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest.该例中supercilious对很多人来说可能是个生词,但是句中短语in contrast(相比照的
2、,相对比的)可以提示我们:supercilious和后面词组humble and modest(谦卑又虚心)是对比关系。分析出这种关系后,我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的,高傲的”。表示对比关系的.词汇和短语主要是unlike,not,but,however,despite,in spite of,in contrast 和while 引导的并列句等。A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.该句中并未出现上面提到的表示对比关系的词或短语,但是通过上
3、下文可以推断出句子前后是对比关系,即把娴熟工人与非娴熟工人区分开。这时我们也能够推断诞生词adept的词义“娴熟的”。2、依据比较关系揣测词义同对比关系相反,比较关系表示意义上的相像关系。Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系。以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly,like,just as,also等。3、依据因果关系揣测词义在句子或段落种,若两个
4、事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以依据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。二、针对性说明针对性说明是作者为了更好的表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的说明。这些说明供应的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较简单。1、依据定义揣测词义假如生词是句子或段落所说明的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知,anthropology就是“探讨人类的科学”。In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a perso
5、n finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.同样,从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“逆境”。定义句的谓语动词多为:be,mean,deal with,be considered,to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent,signify,constitute等。2、依据复述揣测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、具体,但是供应的信息足以使阅读者猜诞生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。1)同位语Semantics,the study of the meanin
6、g of words,is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行探讨的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties是同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也运用破折号、冒号、分号、引号、和括号等。Capacitance,or the ability to store electric charge,is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.
7、由同位语我们很快猜诞生词capacitance词义电容量。须要留意的是:同位语前还常有or,similarly,that is to say,in other words,namely,or other等副词或短语出现。2)定语从句Krabacber suffers from SAD,which is short for seasonal affective disorder,a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.依据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective dis
8、order和同位语a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings,我们可以推断出SAD含义,即“季节性心情紊乱症”。3、依据举例揣测词义恰当的举例能够供应揣测生词的重要线索。The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.句中“斗争”和“重大科学发觉”是生词的实例,通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”,这与其准确含义“划时代的”非常接近。