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1、老托福浏览试题及答案:PASSAGE27老托福浏览试题及答案:PASSAGE27为了帮助大家备考托福浏览,提高成绩,下面我给大家带来老托福浏览真题及答案:passage27,希望大家喜欢!老托福浏览试题及答案:PASSAGE27Themineralparticlesfoundinsoilrangeinsizefrommicroscopicclayparticlestolargeboulders.Themostabundantparticlessand,silt,andclayarethefocusofexaminationinstudiesofsoiltexture.Textureisthet
2、ermusedtodescribethecompositesizesofparticlesinasoilsample,typicallyseveralrepresentativehandfuls.Tomeasuresoiltexture,thesand,silt,andclayparticlesaresortedoutbysizeandweight.Theweightsofeachsizearethenexpressedasapercentageofthesampleweight.Inthefield,soiltexturecanbeestimatedbyextractingahandfulo
3、fsoilandsqueezingthedampsoilintothreebasicshapes;(1)cast,alumpformedbysqueezingasampleinaclenchedfist;(2)thread,apencilshapeformedbyrollingsoilbetweenthepalms;and(3)ribbon,aflatfishshapeformedbysqueezingasmallsamplebetweenthethumbandindexfinger.Thebehavioralcharacteristicsofthesoilwhenmoldedintoeach
4、oftheseshapes,iftheycanbeformedatall,providethebasisforageneraltexturalclassification.Thebehaviorofthesoilinthehandtestisdeterminedbytheamountofclayinthesample.Clayparticlesarehighlycohesive,andwhendampened,behaveasaplastic.Thereforethehighertheclaycontentinasample,themorerefinedanddurabletheshapesi
5、ntowhichitcanbemolded.Anothermethodofdeterminingsoiltextureinvolvestheuseofdevicescalledsedimentsieves,screensbuiltwithaspecifiedmeshsize.Whenthesoilisfilteredthroughagroupofsieves,eachwithadifferentmeshsize,theparticlesbecomegroupedincorrespondingsizecategories.Eachcategorycanbeweighedtomakeatextur
6、aldetermination.Althoughsievesworkwellforsilt,sand,andlargerparticles,theyarenotappropriateforclayparticles.Clayisfartoosmalltosieveaccurately;therefore,insoilswithahighproportionofclay,thefineparticlesaremeasuredonthebasisoftheirsettlingvelocitywhensuspendedinwater.Sinceclayssettlesoslowly,theyaree
7、asilysegregatedfromsandandsilt.Thewatercanbedrawnoffandevaporated,leavingaresidueofclay,whichcanbeweighed.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(A)Characteristicsofhighqualitysoil(B)Particlestypicallyfoundinmostsoils(C)Howahighclaycontentaffectsthetextureofsoil(D)Waystodeterminethetextureofsoil2.Theauth
8、ormentionsseveralrepresentativehandfulsinline4inordertoshow(A)therangeofsoilsamples(B)theprocessbywhichsoilisweighed(C)therequirementsforanadequatesoilsample(D)howsmallsoilparticlesareweighted3.Thephrasesortedoutinline5isclosestinmeaningto(A)mixed(B)replaced(C)carried(D)separated4.Itcanbeinferredtha
9、tthenamesofthethreebasicshapesmentionedinparagraph2reflect(A)thewaythesoilisextracted(B)theresultsofsqueezingthesoil(C)theneedtocheckmorethanonehandful(D)thedifficultyofformingdifferentshapes5.Theworddampenedinline14isclosestinmeaningto(A)damaged(B)stretched(C)moistened(D)examined6.Whichofthefollowi
10、ngcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutasoilsamplewithlittleornoclayinit?(A)Itisnotveryheavy.(B)Itmaynotholditsshapewhenmolded.(C)Itsshapeisdurable(D)Itstexturecannotbeclassified7.Thewordtheyinline21refersto(A)categories(B)sieves(C)largerparticles(D)clayparticles8.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesedi
11、mentsievehasanadvantageoverthehandtestindeterminingsoiltexturebecause(A)usingthesievetakeslesstime(B)thesievecanmeasureclay(C)lesstrainingisrequiredtousethesieve(D)thesieveallowsforamoreexactmeasure9.Duringtheproceduredescribedinparagraph3,whenclayparticlesareplacedintowaterthey(A)sticktothesidesoft
12、hewatercontainer(B)takesometimetosinktothebottom(C)separateintodifferentsizes(D)dissolvequickly10.Thewordfineinline24isclosestinmeaningto(A)tiny(B)many(C)excellent(D)various11.AllofthefollowingwordsaredefinedinthepassageEXCEPT(A)texture(line3)(B)ribbon(line10)(C)sedimentsieves(line18)(D)evaporated(l
13、ine25)正确答案:DADBCBBDBAD托福浏览怎么练?有些考生则喜欢把文章一字不漏地细读之后再做题。这种方法仅合适于两种情况,其一,考生已具备相当的浏览水平,长期以来运用这种方法效果甚佳;其二,某一篇详细的文章是考生所熟悉的内容,细读文章并不会花过多的时间。一般来讲,大部分考生采用细读文章方法,做题时间严重缺乏。考生不应该忘记,浏览理解测试速度和理解两个方面。在做词汇题时,很多考生以为做不对题与本人的词汇量有关,认识单词能做对,不认识单词就会做错。事实上,那些认识的单词经常做错,不认识的单词反而能做对。原因是,做不认识单词时,考生会仔细研读词汇题的上下文,力求在上下文中突破。而做认识单词
14、时,忽略上下文的重要性,往往是看一下上下文,便匆匆做出抉择。所以,做好词汇题关键在于透彻分析词汇题上下文的句子,有时候,个别词汇题也许需要在文章其他段落寻找线索。做浏览题首先要花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子,定位文章难易程度。一般来讲,5篇文章中有2篇难度大一些,比方讲:假如最后一篇文章难度大,且12-14道题,在这种情况下,按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题,带来宏大的损失。因而首先定位文章难程度,同时目测文章的含金量(即题量分布),有助于科学分配浏览部分的做题时间。托福文章均由数个自然段组成,正确的浏览文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透,文章首句经常为文章主题。然后把首段的
15、其他句子尽快略读,文章其他段落采取同样的方法浏览。各段落其他句子一般来讲都是用来讲明各个段落的主题句,没有必要每个句子理解难度大,而不涉及考题,在此句停留无疑是白白浪费时间。所以,采取构造扫描法,意味着以最快速的方式了解文章大意,进而正确引导下一步做详细的题,而不至于出现大方向的理解错误。托福浏览考试中的题材整理一、印第安题材1.白令海峡移民理论2.印第安文化3.印第安宗教观4.印第安建筑业:大、先进。5.印第安手工业:好。6.社会组织构造:严密、分工细、凝聚力强。7.农业先进:A.irrigation;B.maize,squash,bean,pea。二、动植物题材(必考)1.植物学题材(不多
16、见)a.地衣、苔、真菌、蘑菇最常见。b.树冠上方生物。c.植物在生态平衡中的作用。2.动物学题材(90%以上)a.考普通动物为多。近期常考鸟类、蚂蚁、动物智能与灭绝(联络天文学与冰河理论)。b.考动物进化(evolution)。c.考动物的分类(classification)。phyla(单数phylum)门class纲order目family科genus属species种carnivore/predator食肉动物herbivore食草动物omnivore杂食动物d.动物的生活习性最为多见。j群居(socialanimal)动物的习性a)蚂蚁:社会组织构造等级制(caste):沟通方式信息素
17、气味;生活来源;外来物种的有害性。b)蜜蜂:群居个性;“8字舞;蜜蜂智能;防御;天敌大黄蜂。c)大猩猩:智能:猩际关系k迁徙(migration)野鸭、大雁:日照长短;辨别方向。l伪装(camouflage)、花拟态(mimicry)三、考古学(archaeology)题材1.文化(cultural)考古学形态(physical)考古学(多见)2.化石(fossil)j化石构成。化石比原物更沉重(矿物质环境)k化石构成原因。坚硬物质,迅速掩埋。l化石与动物的进化关系。3.人的左右手j使用工具。证据:敲击的划痕;手柄的形状。k牙齿上的划痕。l大脑左右半球的大小差异;趾骨的粗细差异。m作画时人像的
18、方向4.古代陶瓷的考古。Clay,model,wheel(转盘),glaze,kiln5.古代文字的考古。四、美国历史题材1.美国发展线索j发现美洲阶段哥伦布(意),为黄金、茶叶、香料West/EastIndian影响:世界观变化;国家形势变化;(爱尔兰土豆饥荒)k英国定居阶段(Englishsettlement)1607第一个定居点CaptainJohnS来源:examdamith影响清教徒1620五月花号l殖民时期(colonialera)m独立战争(AmericanRevolution)n新的国家(newnation)考试大-全国最大教育类网站(Examda。com):南北不平衡o南北战争(CivilWar)p战后重建。持续近100年。q西进运动(Westwardmovement)r工业化大增长sworldwarIIIEnd:19602.“大熔炉:地理位置;民族融合1960s;文化融合。老托福浏览试题及答案:PASSAGE27