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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语语法点汇总一冠词1.概念:冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类;不定冠词有:a 和 an , a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前;an 用于以原音音素开头的单词前;如:a girl a gift a house an apple an orange an hour 定冠词有: the 2.用法: 不定冠词: *用于单数可数名词前,指人或事物的某一种类,如:He is a student. *指某人或某物,但不详细说何人或何物如 A girl is looking for her book. *序数前加不定冠词an/a ,表示又一个,另一个,如:Wo
2、uld you like a second cup of tea . * 当一日三餐前显现形容词时,该词前加冠词a , 如 : Mr fat is very fat and often has a big lunch. * 仍可用在某些抽象名词前,表示一阵、一场、一种、一次等如: There was a heavy snow yesterday. He did me a great kindness. * 固定搭配: have a cold have a good time in a hurry for a while do sb.a favour 定冠词: * 特指某些人或事物 * 指双方都
3、知道的人或事物 * 指上文提到过的人或事物 * 用于独一无二的事物前,如:the sun the moon * 用于序数词和形容词的最高级前,如: the third book the longest river * 用于一些专出名词、组织机构、国家名、报纸杂志等的名称前,如: the Great Wall the Ministry of Education the Daily Mail(每日邮报)(训练部) the United States * 可与形容词连用,表示这一类人或事物,如: The rich should help the poor. the old the deaf 聋人)
4、the young * 用于姓氏复数名词前,表示全家或这一姓氏的夫妇俩,如:the Greens * 可指某个世纪某个岁月,如:in the 1970s1870s 在 20 世纪 70 岁月 * 用于西洋乐器前,中国的名族乐器前就不加冠词,如: play the piano play Erhu * 用在江河、湖泊、山脉等地理名称前,如: The Pacific Ocean 太平洋 0 the Tian-shan Mountains 天山山脉) * 用于以 festival 组成的节日之前,以 day 组成的节日前不加定冠词,如: the spring festival May day * 固定
5、搭配: In the morning in the end on the right at the same time二数词1. 概念:分为两种:基数词(cardinal numbers)和序数词 ordinal numbers ;表示人或事物数量多少的数词叫做基数词;表示人或事物次序的数词叫序数词;2. 作用:可在句子中做主语,表语,定语和宾语,仍可做同位语;例句:Five of them are from China. 主语I am eighteen now. 表语This is my first visit here. 定语I am in class 2, but they three
6、are not . 同位语3. 构成及用法:名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 基数词1 one 15 fifteen 29 Twenty-nine 2 two 16 sixteen 30 thirty 3 three 17 seventeen 31 Thirty-one 4 four 18 eighteen 40 forty 5 five 19 nineteen 50 fifty 6 six 20 twenty 60 sixty 7 seven 21 twenty-one 70 seventy 8 eight 22
7、 twenty-two 80 eighty 9 nine 23 twenty-three 90 ninety 10 ten 24 twenty-four 100 one hundred 11 eleven 25 twenty-five 102 one hundred and two 12 twelve 26 twenty-six 123 one hundred and twenty-three 13 thirteen 27 twenty-seven 1000 one thousand two thousand , two 14 fourteen 28 twenty-eight 2235 hun
8、dred and thirty-five 构成:a.1-12 单独记thousand , million , billion b.13-19 词尾为 -teen c.20,30,40 等逢十词尾为 -ty d.21-99 个位数和十位数之间要加连字号e.101-999 先说百,再加and ,再加末尾两位数f.1000 以上的数,从后向前数,每三位用一个计数点隔开,依次是: 用法:a. hundred , thousand , million , billion 前面有详细数词时,用单数形式;如:two hundred b. 如 hundred , thousand , million , bi
9、llion 后加 s 时,需要后面加 of ,再加名词, 方可使用, 如 :thousands of people c. 用来表示在几十岁月,如:in the 1990s / nineties d. 表示某人几十多岁,要用整数的复数形式 如:in one s teens/twenties/thirties 序数词名师归纳总结 第 1-第 12 第 13-第 19 第 20-第 90 第 2 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - First Thirteenth Twentieth Second Thirtieth Third Fortiet
10、h Fourth Fiftieth Fourteenth Fifth Sixtieth Fifteenth Seventh Seventieth Sixteenth Eighth Eightieth Seventeenth Ninth ninetieth Eighteenth Tenth Hundredth nineteenth Eleventh twelfth Thousandth millionth 构成:a. 基数词变序数词,一、二、三要单独记b.th 要从四加起c. eight 少个 t , nine 去掉 e d.f 把-ve 来代替, -ty 变成 -tie 用法:a.序数词前要加
11、the , a ,如: I had a forth apple. b.有时仍可加不定冠词4. 百分数、分数、小数的表达法:百分数:基数词加百分号(percent), 如: 89 eighty-nine percent 分数:分子基数词,分母序数词;分子大于一,分母加 s,中间有连字符;如: 1/3 one-third 2/3 two-thirds 带分数:基数词加 and 加分子基数词、分母序数词 如:five and six-sevenths 小数:小数点前用基数词,小数点后读作基数的个位,小数点读作 point ;如: 1.45 one point four five 5.时刻、时间、序号
12、表达法: 时刻表达法: a. 几点过几分,用past ; 几点差几分,用to ; b. 简略表达法:小时数加分钟数;如: 8:15 - eight fifteen 时间表达法:年月日 2022,7,7 - July seventh , two thousand and eleven 序号表达法: a.事物名词 +基数词b.定冠词 the +序数词 +事物名词 如: lesson two = the second lesson part one = the first part 6. 倍数表达法:基数词加times , 但 once , twice 要单独记如: He runs twice fa
13、ster than you . Our classroom is four times as big as yours . 7. 一些特别表达法: every ten days 每十天 every tenth day 每隔九天 by the dozen 以打记at sixes and one at a time 一次一个的 one by one 一个一个的 twos and threes 三三两两sevens 乱七八糟 8. 算式读法 : A+B=C A plus B is C .A and B is C. A-B=C A minus B is C. B from A is C. 名师归纳总结
14、 AB=C A times B is C. 第 3 页,共 11 页A/B=C A divided B is C. AB A is more than B AB A is less than B - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 三代词 概念:代词是用来代替名词及起名词作用的词;按意义特点及语法功能可分为 9 类:人称代词、物主代 词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词;1. 人称代词 概念:人称代词指我、你、他等词,有数、格的变化;可在句中作主语、表语,宾格作宾语;如:I have an English book.
15、He is in Beijing. 用法:当说话者不清晰或不必要知道说话对象是,可用it 来表示;如: Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl. she , he 可用来表示拟人,she 可指月亮、土地、船只、党派、猫、鸟等优美可爱的东西; he 可指马、象、狗等动物,如:The moon is risen , she is round and bright. Give the cat some food, maybe she is hungry. The dog waved his tail when he saw his master. 在比较状语
16、从句中,在不引起歧义的前提下,主格可由宾格替换;如:He is older than I / me . 2. 物主代词概念:物主代词是用来表示全部关系的;分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词;形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,位于名词前作定语;名词性物主代词相当于名词可作主语、宾语、表语;如: This is my school. 宾语 His name is Tom. 定语 This isnt my shirt . Mine is over there. 主语 Those books are not yours. 表语 She is an old friend of mine. 宾语 3. 反身
17、代词概念:反身代词在句中可作宾语、同位语、表语、主语;如: He is teaching himself English . 宾语 The president himself will attend the meeting . 同位语 Her father and herself will tell you the secret. 主语 常见的习惯用语:by oneself 亲自 talk to oneself 自言自语 to oneself 暗自 make oneself at home 任凭些 amuse oneself 自娱 call oneself 自称 devote oneself
18、to 致力于 teach oneself 自学 for oneself 为自己 excuse oneself 自我辩解 enjoy oneself 过得开心 help yourself to 请自便4. 指示代词 this/these 一 般 指 时 间 或 空 间 上 较 近 的 事 物 ; that/those 一 般 指 时 间 或 空 间 上 较 近的事物 如: This is a book and that is a pen.(指空间) I read a book this morning. (指时间) 打电话时, this 表示我 that 表示对方 如: Hello ,this
19、is Mike . Whos that . so 和 such 的用法a. so 用作副词,修饰后面的形容词或副词如: Why are you so late. b. such 用 于such a / an +( 形 容 词 ) +可 数 名 词 单 数 或such +( 形 容 词 ) +可 数 名词复数或不行数名词结构中,作为形容词修饰后面的名词;如: Its such a good book . Such things are not familiar to me. You cant make them work in such cold weather. 5. so + many /f
20、ew + 可数名词复数,so + much /little + 不行数名词相互代词指两者或两者以上的人或物,如:Each other 多指两者; one another We all Chinese .We should help one another. The students pointed out each other s weak points. 6. 疑问代词一般位于句首,在句中充当肯定的成分,who,whom,whose,what,which 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 如: Who went
21、to the Great Wall yesterday. 主语 Whose umbrella is this . 定语 What made him so angry. 主语 Which is better,the red one or the white one.(主语)7. 连接代词、关系代词关系代词有: what,which,who/whom,whose 连接词有: that/whetherif 用法:假如从句不完整,缺少名词性成分,就用关系代词引导,假如从句完整,可 用连接词引导 .8. 不定代词 One 的用法:泛指人,可以在形容词和 that,this 等词后代替刚提到过的可数名词,
22、在句中作主、表、定、宾语等,其全部格形式为 ones ,反身代词为 oneself, 复数形式为 ones,如:One should be strict with oneself.(泛指人,作主语和宾语)Chinese is one of the most useful language in the world . 指一个人或物,作表语 I lost my pen, I want to buy a new one. 代替上文显现过的可数名词,作宾语 one ,it 的区分:one 时泛指, 表示同类中的任何一个或几个;it 时特指, 指代上文显现过的原物;如: The book is goo
23、d ,can I borrow it . one 可用 this,that ,any,some,each,the next ,every,which 等修饰,如:Here are two books ,which one is yours,this one or that one. some ,any 的用法:既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不行数名词;some 一般用于确定句中,any 多用于疑问,否定和条件句中,可在句中作主、宾、定语;如:Some of the students will go to Beijing tomorrow. 主语 If you have any ,give me so
24、me. 宾语 There isnt any time left. 定语 a.some 用于单数可数名词前,表示某一个,如:I ve read the story in some book.我在某本书中读过这个故事;b. 与数字连用,表示大致,大约,如:The country has exported some two million bikes this year. c.any 用于确定句中,修饰单数可数名词,表示任何的,如: each , every 的用法:Each 指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个,强调个体;这个国家今年已经大约出口了两百万辆自行车;You can choose an
25、y student. every 指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个;如: There are trees and flowers on each side of the street. Every student has read a poem. both ,all 的用法: both 指两者都, all 指三者或三者以上都或全体;如:Both of the students are 15 years old. 这两名同学都是 15 岁;(主语)I have forgotten all about it . 我把那个全忘了; (宾语) much , many 的用法: much 修饰不行数
26、名词,many 修饰可数名词;如:Much of the time is free. 主语) Many people wanted to stay here. 定语)I have much to say . 宾语 either,neither 的用法: either 指两个人或物中的任何一个,表确定;neither 指两个人或物中一个也不,两者都不,表否定;如:Either of them has a pen. 主语 I know neither of the two men. 宾语 either 可放在否定句的句尾,表示“ 也”,如: I dont know either. 我也不知道;9.
27、 代词一览表名师归纳总结 人称主格I you he she it we you they 第 5 页,共 11 页代词宾格me you him her it us you them 物主形容词my your his her its our your their 代词性- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves oneself
28、指示代词this that these those such 疑问代词who whom whose which what some something somebody someone any anything no one 不定代词 every everything each much many little other another all none one both either neither 四形容词与副词 1.形容词 作用:表示人或事物的特点;可作定语修饰名词、代词;可作表语,表示主语的状态、特点,也可作 补语、状语;如:I have an interesting book. 定
29、语 I m happy.表语 What makes you sad . 宾语补足语 The wall was painted green.主语补足语 表示抽象概念的词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,如:the true , the good , the beautiful , the bad The beautiful is not always the good. 在句中的位置关系:a.多数情形下放在所修饰的词前+ 年龄(新、旧、温度)+ 颜色 +国籍 +材料(物质) + 用b.多个形容词修饰名词时的次序:一般性描述形容词 + 外形(大小、长短)途(类别) + 被修饰的名词;如:a beaut
30、iful little flower an old plastic bucket c. 表示性格、感情的形容词应放在表示身体外形的词后,放在表示肤色的形容词前,如:a long patient queue a pale anxious girl a nice black doctor d. 除上述规章外,通常把音节短的词放前面,音节长的放后面,如:He is a tall and powerful man. e. 修饰不定代词时,形容词后置,如:I have something important to tell you. f. 用 and 或 or 连接的形容词短语修饰名词是,形容词短语后置
31、;如:All people young and old are against the plan. g. 表示长、宽、高、深、厚和年龄的形容词修饰数词短语是后置,如:The door is 2 metres high. She is 16 years old. 留意:某些以 ly 结尾的词 是形容词 而不是副词,如:friendly , deadly, silly, lively, lonely等;2.副词 作用: 在句中修饰动词、 形容词或其他副词,可作状语, 有时可作表语、 定语或补语; 如:I can run very fast .状语 Class is over.表语 Are you
32、content with the life here. (定语) 分类:名师归纳总结 时间副词: now then often early never 第 6 页,共 11 页地点副词: there here below above 方式副词: well slowly hard badly 程度副词: still rather much hardly 疑问副词: how when where why - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 连接副词: when where why whether 关系副词: when where why 其他副词: also
33、 not only too 副词的位置:a. 一般地点副词、时间副词放句尾,如需强调放句首;b. 频率、时间副词一般放在主谓之间c. 修饰动词时,要放在动词后d. 多个副词连用时,次序为:方式副词 +地点副词 +时间副词e. 某些形容词加 -ly,变为副词,但意义有所不同,如:hardly , likely ,deeply , closely , lately f. 某些形容词与副词形式相同,如:early , late, fast , hard 3.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级 结构:比较级:(单音节、双音节词)原级 +er 多音节词 more + 原级最高级 ; (单音节、双音节词)原级
34、+est 多音节词 the most + 原级留意:形容词最高级前要加the , 副词最高级前不加the 用法:a. 表示两个人或物在性质、程度上相同,可用:as as 或 the same as ,如:I m as tall as you . He runs as fast as I . The hole is the same depth as that one. 表示一方弱于另一方,可用:not as/so as , 如:This book is not so interesting as that one . b.表示自身程度的变化时,用: 比较级 +and + 比较级结构,如:The
35、 weather is getting warmer and warmer. c.表示一方随另一方程度变化时:用the + 比较级+ the + 比较级结构,如:The more you eat the fatter you will be. d.三者、三者以上中的之最,用最高级,形容词最高级前要加the ,如:He is the tallest boy in the class. more than 的特别用法:a. It s more than a letter , it s my parents love. 不仅,不只是b. That is more than I can tell yo
36、u. 不能c. She is more our friend than our teacher. 与其,不如d. He spent no more than one year at school. 只,不过 相关固定用法:no other than 只有,正是 more than one 不止一个 prefer to rather than 宁可 也不愿五介词1. 概念:介词也叫前置词,是一种虚词;介词不能单独做句子成分,必需与名词或代词(或相当于名词的短语或从句)构成介词短语,才能在句中充当成分;2. 句法功能:The key of the door is missing . 定语 He s
37、tayed in China for a long time. 宾语、状语 The book is on the desk.表语 3. 常用介词的用法:Make yourself at home. 宾语补足语 a. 表示在大地方,如:宇宙、世界、国家、省、市等时,用in ,in China b. 表示在小地点,用at , at home c. 表示在 里,用in , in the cup d. 表示在 上,(表面接触) ,用 on , on the table 名师归纳总结 e. in the tree 在树上;on the tree 长在树上in spring ; in July 11 第
38、7 页,共 11 页f. 在年,月份、季节前要用in , 如: in 2022 ; g. 在详细日期、星期前用on ,如: on Sunday ; on July 12th- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - h. 在点钟前用at ,如: at 8:00 to 表示范畴之外,on 表示相邻,如:i. in , on , to 的区分: in 表示范畴之内,Fujian lies in the south of China. 福建在中国的南部;Fujian lies t o the south of Jiangsu province. 福建位于江苏省的南边;
39、Mongolia is on the north of China. 蒙古在中国以北;j. about 表示大约,与数词连用 , 如: About 50 people were present. k. above , over 都可以表示在上方,可互换,如:The swans were flying above / over the lake .天鹅在湖面上翱翔;l. below , under 表示在 下,如:The water reached a few inches below/under the knees.水已经到了膝盖以下几英寸的地方了;below the sea level 低于
40、海平面below the freezing point 低于冰点carry sth. under one s arm 胳膊下夹着东西 under the leadership of 在 的领导下 m. against : under ones care 在某人的照管下表示对抗,反对,如:Are you against the plan . 你反对这个方案吗?表示支撑,倚靠着,如:He was leaning against the door. 他靠着门表对比,以 为背景衬托,如:The picture shows up well against the white wall. n. among
41、 : 在 之中(三者以上) ,如: among you between: 在两者之间,如:between us / them in the middle of : 在 中间 ,如: in the middle of the street in the middle of the lesson o. besides: 除了 仍有,如:Many students passed the exam besides him. 除他以外,其他同学也都通过了考试;except: 除 之外 ,如: All were swimming , except him. 除了他,大家都在游泳;p. instead :
42、代替,可放句首或句尾instead of : 代替,后接名词或动名词,可与 take the place of : 代替(职务,工作等)q. with: in place of 互换,意义相同表相伴,和 一起,如: come with me 表示携带,附有,具备,如:The girl with glasses is Joan. I have no money with me. 表示用、以,如:Don t write with a pencil. 表示缘由,由于,如:His face turned with anger. r. without : 表示没有、不、吴,如:He went out without his hat . He left without locking the door. 表示条件,假如没有,如:Without air, we could not live. 六连词1.概念:是一种虚词,在句中起连接作用;可分为:并列连词和从属连词两类;2.并列连词:又可分为表示联合、转折、挑选、因果四种关系的连词;表示联合关系的连词:and , both and , neither nor , not only but al