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1、UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS单元综合检测(一).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)ADear Editor，Please publish more articles about women scientists. Women scientists have made outstanding contributions to the world. These women make excellent role models. More young women may choose science as a profession if women
2、read featured articles on female scientists like Marie Curie and Rachel Carson. Both women were encouraged to study science，and they both accomplished great things.With her fathers encouragement, Marie Curie made the world a better place through her scientific accomplishments. She studied the emissi
3、on (放射) of rays from uranium (铀), a feature she called “radioactivity (放射性)”. Later, Curie and her husband，also a scientist, processed the mineral pitchblende before separating two radioactive elements (元素). With this discovery, Marie Curie earned her doctorate, and shortly thereafter，both she and h
4、er husband were awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics. In 1911 Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for her work with the newly discovered elements；this work laid the foundation for Xrays and atomic physics.When Rachel Carson was young, her mother encouraged her to study nature. As an adul
5、t, she became known as the mother of the modern environmental movement. After studying marine biology and zoology in college, Carson worked as a government scientist and wrote several books on how all living things relate to each other. In 1951 her book The Sea Around Us made scientific knowledge ab
6、out the sea accessible to the general readers and remained on the bestseller list for eightysix weeks. In 1962 Carson wrote Silent Spring, a book that helped lead to improvements in the use of chemical pesticides(农药)Humans have benefited greatly from the work of Marie Curie and Rachel Carson. What i
7、f these women had not been encouraged to become scientists? I believe that we need to encourage young women to enter the field of science.With that goal in mind，I sincerely hope your magazine can publish more articles about the contributions that women make to science.Sincerely，Annie Bastien，Grade 7
8、Capistrano Middle School【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。作者在信中建议杂志编辑多刊登一些关于女性科学家的文章，以鼓励更多女性从事科学事业。1According to the text, Marie Curie Aachieved success with her fathers helpBseparated two radioactive elements aloneCmade contributions to the study of XraysDwon the Nobel Prize twice with her husbandC细节理解题。由第二段中的“this w
9、ork laid the foundation for Xrays and atomic physics”可知，玛丽居里的工作为研究X射线和原子物理奠定了基础。2What can we learn about Rachel Carson?AShe was a physicist and chemist.BHer books had a great influence on the public.CShe was inspired by her father to become a scientist.DHer role as an environmentalist was rarely kno
10、wn by people.B细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“her book The Sea Around Us made scientific knowledge about the sea. a book that helped lead to improvements in the use of chemical pesticides(农药)”可知，雷切尔卡逊所著的两本书对大众都产生了很大的影响。3What can we infer about the author?AShe aims to become a scientist.BShe likes reading and writing
11、 stories.CShe has a great interest in women scientists.DShe wants to publish articles in the magazine.C推理判断题。由最后一段中的“I believe that we need to encourage young women to enter the field of science”可知，作者对女性科学家的故事很感兴趣。BEinstein was not only an outstanding scientist of the 20th century，but also a gifted
12、and enthusiastic musician. He once said that had he not been a scientist, he would have been a musician. “Life without playing music is unthinkable for me，” he said, “I live my daydreams in music. I get most joy in life out of music. ”Einsteins mother, Pauline, was a talented pianist who brought mus
13、ic to life in the family home. Einstein began to learn the violin at the age of 6. However, he worked hard until discovering the joys of Mozarts sonatas (奏鸣曲) at the age of 13. From that point on，although he had no further lessons, his violin remained his companion (伴侣)When Einstein moved to Aarau i
14、n Switzerland in 1895 to complete his schooling, he seemed to have devoted a good deal of his time to music. Just before his 17th birthday Einstein played at a music examination in the school. The examiner reported that “a student called Einstein shone in a deeply felt performance of one of the Beet
15、hoven sonatas”. In addition to his great skill in playing the violin, he also played the piano and, in particular, loved to improvise (即兴创作)In later life, Einsteins reputation as a physicist often led to invitations to perform at benefit concerts, which he generally accepted happily. At one such eve
16、nt, a criticnot knowing Einsteins real reputation as a physicistwrote, “Einstein plays excellently. However, his worldwide reputation is undeserved. There are many violinists who are just as good. ”Probably the summary of Einstein the violinist that comes nearest to the mark comes from his friend Ja
17、nos Plesch, who wrote, “There are many musicians with much better skills, but none, I believe, who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feeling.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了物理学家爱因斯坦对音乐的热爱与投入。4We learn from Paragraph 1 that Einstein Ahad a great love for musicBenjoyed daydreaming in musicChad stopped
18、playing music for a whileDpreferred to be a musician rather than a scientistA推理判断题。由第一段中的“a gifted and enthusiastic musician”和爱因斯坦所说的话可知，爱因斯坦非常热爱音乐。5After discovering the joys of Mozarts sonatas, Einstein Abegan to create his own musicBspent a lot of time playing his violinCstarted learning the pian
19、o by himselfDmoved to Switzerland to learn the violinB细节理解题。由第二段中的“From that point on，although he had no further lessons，his violin remained his companion(伴侣)”可知，爱因斯坦在13岁时发现莫扎特奏鸣曲的乐趣，从那时开始，小提琴一直陪伴他左右。6What can we infer from Paragraph 3?AEinstein did excellently in the examination.BEinsteins life in
20、Aarau affected his musical taste.CEinsteins performance disappointed the examiner.DEinstein practiced the Beethoven sonatas for his birthday.A推理判断题。由第三段中的“The examiner reported that a student called Einstein shone in a deeply felt performance of one of the Beethoven sonatas”可知，考官对爱因斯坦在考试中的表现赞赏有加。7By
21、 mentioning the critics words, the author probably wants to show AEinstein didnt live up to his reputationBEinstein was also an outstanding violinistCEinstein played better than professional violinistsDEinstein wished there would be more benefit concertsB推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Einstein plays excellently. Ho
22、wever，his worldwide reputation is undeserved.There are many violinists who are just as good”可知，爱因斯坦是一名出色的小提琴家。CMaria (17181799) was a famous Italian mathematician.She was described in a book as follows：“Maria was a child prodigy (神童)，but was also shy. ”She stayed at home, teaching the younger childr
23、en and following her own studies. When her mother died after giving birth to twentyone children, Maria took over the running of the household. At the age of twenty she started a tenyear project, a book bringing together the work on calculus (微积分学) of Leibnitz and Newton titled Analytic Institutions.
24、 Sometimes she would have trouble with a problem, but her mind went on working even in her sleep; she would sleepwalk to her study and back to bed. In the morning, she would find the answer to the problem waiting on her desk. Her book made her famous; she was living proof of what she had argued at n
25、ine years old that women had a right to study science. But Maria had other interests in her life apart from mathematics.She had always worked with the poor people in her area, and she had asked her father for separate rooms and turned them into a private hospital. She worked at the hospital (and ano
26、ther) until she died at the age of eightyone. Maria wrote an important book on mathematics, as well as another unpublished book. She ran a household of over twenty people, and she worked for people who had not had her luck and opportunities. Each one of these things was remarkable, but she did them
27、all.【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物传记。主要介绍了意大利著名数学家Maria的成功经历和她为一些穷人做出的贡献。8We know from the text that Maria Awas a maths teacher when she was youngBlived a rich life in her childhoodCwas born in a large familyDwas too shy to teach othersC细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知她妈妈有21个孩子，所以她家是个大家庭。9It can be inferred from the text that Ather
28、e were some good schools for children when Maria was youngBwomen were not allowed to study science when Maria was a little girlCwomen had equal rights to learn anything as boys didDMaria had the ability to make enough money to bring up her brothers and sisters when her mother diedB推理判断题。根据第二段中的“. sh
29、e was living proof of what she had argued at nine years old that women had a right to study science.”可知，当时是不允许女性学科学的。10According to the text，Maria was so devoted to maths that she Aforgot everything when she was studyingBspent over ten years writing her most famous bookCnever slept while doing resea
30、rchesDwould go on with her study in her dreamD细节理解题。根据第二段第四、五句可知，她对工作执着到睡觉时也会梦游进书房工作。11We know from the text that Maria was also a woman.Akindhearted BbeautifulCwellborn DrichA推理判断题。根据文章后半部分的描述可知，她为别人做了很多事，说明她不仅是一位伟大的数学家，还是一个“热心的、善良的”人。DMalala Yousafzai is a Pakistani student and education activist
31、who began speaking out for girls education at the age of 11. After surviving an assassination (暗杀) at the age of 15，she cofounded the Malala Fund with her father to create a world where girls everywhere could be educated without fear. Her fund supports every girls right to 12 years of free, safe, qu
32、ality education and works mainly in countries such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, India and Nigeria.Malala believes girls are the best investment(投资)in the future peace and further development of our world. It will never be a wrong choice to spend money on girls.In 2014 the Norwegian Nobel Committee awar
33、ded Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai the Nobel Peace Prize for their fight against the suppression (镇压) of children and young people and for the right of all children to education. Malala became the youngestever Nobel Peace Prize winner.Accepting the award, Malala said，“This award is not just
34、for me. It is for those forgotten children who want education. It is for those frightened children who want peace. It is for those voiceless children who want change. ”In her new picture book, Malalas Magic Pencil, Malala returns to her childhood to teach young readers about the importance of hope,
35、believing in magic, and making the world a better place.Malalas first book, her personal life story cowritten with Christina Lamb, I Am Malala: How One Girl Stood Up for Education and Changed the World, was published in 2013.She is also the subject of the 2015 film He Named Me Malala.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。
36、文章讲述了诺贝尔和平奖获得者马拉拉的人生故事。12Whats the purpose of the Malala Fund?ATo improve girls safety.BTo get young girls to school.CTo improve peoples living conditions.DTo win women lifetime education rights.B细节理解题。由第一段中的“she cofounded the Malala Fund with her father to create a world where girls everywhere coul
37、d be educated without fear”可知，这个基金会旨在让女孩能够进入校园接受教育。13Which of the following is Malalas opinion of girls according to Paragraph 2?AThey are quite good at making investments.BThey are in greater need of peace than boys.CThey will play an important role in the future.DThey do more for the development o
38、f the world than boys.C细节理解题。由第二段中的“Malala believes girls are the best investment(投资) in the future peace and further development of our world.”可知，马拉拉认为应该在女孩身上投资，因为她们会对将来社会的发展与和平做出贡献。14What can be inferred from what Malala said while accepting the award?AShe has a caring attitude.BShe is satisfied w
39、ith her education.CShe feels powerless to change the world.DShe will have more supporters in the coming years.A推理判断题。由第四段中马拉拉的讲话内容“It is for those forgotten children who want education.It is for those frightened children who want peace.It is for those voiceless children who want change.”可知，她心系他人，关爱他
40、人。15What can be learned about Malalas Magic Pencil?AIt teaches readers how to draw.BIt was Malalas first book.CIt was a cowritten book.DIt spreads hope.D细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“In her new picture book，Malalas Magic Pencil，Malala returns to her childhood to teach young readers about the importance of hope”可知，
41、这本书传播了希望。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Do You Have a Positive Attitude?Who would you rather hang around with? Someone who always acts in low spirits? Or someone who manages to see the good around him，even when things arent always going great? 16 Having a positive attitude can help you in many ways. 17
42、 Your friends will definitely appreciate you more if you see the silver lining rather than just the dark clouds! 18 The less pressure you feel, the better you will feel overall. So if youve been feeling tired, put on a happy face and you just might feel better soon.But how can you have a positive at
43、titude when life is hard? Its more than just turning lifes lemons into lemonade. 19 But its worth it.A positive attitude doesnt mean ignoring lifes troubles. It just means looking for the good in things, rather than being a pessimist and concentrating on the bad in things. Sometimes your attitude ca
44、n make all the difference.Identify (识别) those areas of your life that might not be going so well. 20 Focus on one at a time and think of ways you can find the positive in things.AThe answer is to have a positive attitude.BHaving a positive attitude can take some hard work.CThey are likely to make yo
45、u have negative thoughts.DHaving a positive attitude can also reduce your stress level.EIf you have a positive attitude, youre more fun to be around.FWhen you feel better physically, you naturally feel better mentally.GIts no surprise that people enjoy being around positive people rather than negati
46、ve people.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。与那些垂头丧气的人相比，人们更愿意和那些具有积极心态的人在一起。本文论述了积极心态的重要性和拥有积极心态的方法。16G上文是三个问句：你愿意与什么样的人在一起？是那些总是垂头丧气的人？还是那些总是设法看到事情积极一面的人？因此G项(人们喜欢和积极的人而不是消极的人在一起是意料之中的事。)回答了上文提出的三个问题。17E上一句提到积极的心态可以在很多方面帮到你，因此E项(如果有积极的心态，你就能给身边的人带去更多的快乐。)顺承上文，说明了积极心态给周围的人带来的好处。18D上一段讲了积极心态给周围的人带去的好处，下一句提到压力越少，你的整体感觉就
47、越好，因此D项(拥有积极的心态也能减少你的压力。)在此承上启下。19B上一句提到拥有积极的心态不像把人生的柠檬变成柠檬水那样简单，那是需要一些努力的，故B项符合语境。20C上一句提到要找出生活中不顺的事情，下一句提到一次只专注于一件事，并找到它积极的一面，因此C项(它们可能会使你产生消极的思想。)在此承上启下。.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)An 84yearold American woman, Janet Fein received her bachelors degree from the University of Texas at Dallas last week. Fein grew up in the Bronx area of New York City. When she was in high school, she just wanted to finish and get a job. After 21 early，at the age of 16, she went to work as a secretary.After getting married, she spent 18 years staying home with her five children. She then had several j