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1、专题09 七选五之说明文 序号 内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 析长难句.Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】 七选五篇章的单词总数约300，主文词数约240，七个选项词数约60；七个选项大多以句子的形式出现，内容都与篇章有关，一般为标题概括句、段落主题句、过渡句和细节句。文章的体裁主要是说明文和议论文，结构明显，线索清晰。内容是学生较熟悉的学习或生活话题，难度适中。倾向于考查文章篇章结构、语境衔接、逻辑关系判断、段落大意归纳、关键信息词和关联词的锁定与衔接能力。七选五的说明文主要是释意性结果，解释某一理论、学
2、科、事物，主要用比喻、类比阐述；分析事物的成因，有客观的、主观的，也有直接的、间接的。【技巧点拨】1.略读文章大意以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上，一般只需花510秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。2.阅读上下句因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。3.关注文中结构在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，也可通过观察语言结构将选择范围大大缩小。标题结构，如
3、果考查段落标题，先看看其他标题的语言形式，同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言形式。如果其他标题是名词短语，该题答案也是名词短语；如果其他标题是祈使句，该题的答案也是祈使句；句子结构 如果正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分，就要看看空后这个部分是不是句子，如果是句子，看看是否有连词，如果没有连词，要选的正确选项就应是短语或是带有连词的从句。Part 2真题感悟Passage 1【真题详解】【2020全国新课标I】A Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it
4、seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Kno
5、w that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38 You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better,
6、why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? That didnt go as planned. But, I tried my best.Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earn
7、ed your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39Now that youve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you dont feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of
8、 strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?AFeeling upset again?BWhere do you start?CNothing is too small to celebrate.DRemember, you are only human. E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.F.Stop comparing yourself with others.G.When does the comparison game start?【答案】36B37F38D39C40A【解析】本文
9、是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。36根据题目A Few Tips for Self-acceptance及下文的Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项B. Where do you start? (从哪里开始那？)最合下文语境，故选B项。37根据下文Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? K
10、now that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。38根据本文的中心句Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.
11、(原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，选项D. Remember, you are only human.(记住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔接最好，故选D项。39根据上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天就起床了。)可知，选项C. N
12、othing is too small to celebrate.(没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝。)与上文衔接最好，故选C项。40结合上文Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you dont feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话。)和下文的Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.
13、See how awesome you are? (翻到你日记本上记下你的有点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可知，选项A. Feeling upset again?(再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选A项。【强重难词】1. imperfections n. 不完美；不合格；缺陷2. accomplishments and achievements成就3. out of reach 够不着；达不到4. a handful of一把；少量的；一小部分5. feel not-good-enough 感觉不够好6. feel unworthy 自愧不如【析长难句】1. Are you h
14、oping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs?【解析】本句中的that eventually you will feel empowered是宾语从句，because your life is better than theirs是原因状语从句。【译文】你是否希望最终你会感到强大，因为你的生活比他们的更好?。【仿写】_2. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not o
15、ffer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response?【解析】Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better在句中作状语； how you could have done better为宾语从句；,why not +动词原形是提建议的一种表达方式。【译文】与其纠结自己如何可以做得更好，那为什么不给自己一个具有同情心的回应呢？。【仿写】_Passage 2【真题详解】【2020全国新课标II】Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace CommunicationIn As
16、ia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 36. Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and fee
17、ling, keeping intention clear. 37, encouraging better and more frequent communication.In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 38. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for thos
18、e used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that its simple to learn and can be worth the effort.There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 39. Emoji can help communicati
19、on feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.40, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.AMes
20、sage with emojis feel more conversationalBEven a formal email can seem cold and unfriendlyCSending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeDThe popularity of these platforms is spreading globallyE.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestlyF.Studies show that friendlier commu
21、nication leads to a happier workplaceG.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform【答案】36D37A38G39B40F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。36根据前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在
22、迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选择项D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. (这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题意。故选D。37根据前句“Using emojis can add hu
23、mor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓励更好更频繁的交流)”可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。所以选择项A. Messages with Emojis feel more conversational. (使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更健谈)符合题意。故选A。38根据前句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70
24、 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication can be a challenge. (在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在交流中找到共同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”与选择项中“all work generations”是一致的。故选G。39根据前句“ Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? (谁没有收到过
25、毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选择项B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)故选B。40根据后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选择项F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a h
26、appier workplace. (研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)故选F。【强重难词】1. visually adv. 形象化地；外表上；看得见地2. annoying adj. 讨厌的；恼人的3. Emoji n.表情符号4. tone n.语气5. range from 从 . 到 . 变动；从 . 到 . 范围6. be softened with 被软化【析长难句】1. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. 【解析】句中的includes是谓语
27、，a chance to do是有机会做某事的意思。【译文】我们的旅行还包括一个追寻Van Gogh and Gauguin足迹的机会。【仿写】_2. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.【解析】这是一个主从复合句，本句中的when引导的是时间状语从句；you have succeeded in improving your work cul
28、ture是省略了that的宾语从句；succeeded in doing是成功做某事。【译文】当你的员工开始在他们的商务交流中添加微笑表情时，你就会知道你已经成功地改善了你的工作文化。【仿写】_Part 3专题强化Passage 1【真题自测】【2020全国新高考II山东卷】阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 16 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some pr
29、inciples you must master. People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 17 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connecti
30、on. Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. Peoples attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message. So, dont stop speaking when you make a mistake unle
31、ss its a truly serious one. 18 Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. 20 Its rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On t
32、he other hand, you probably cant count the times that youve thought, “Im glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. Its better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in
33、their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. A. Do the opposite. B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You dont need to apologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F. Take the
34、fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 【答案】16.G 17.A18.C 19.B 20.D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。16.G本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项：然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题演讲者要
35、训练。故选G。17.A下句Focusonthespeaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在“公众”上，而不是“演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Dotheopposite.说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。承上启下，故选A。18.C本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项：你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。19.B本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是
36、什么。B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。20.D下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjusta bitshorterthananticipated.可知作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项：公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时多和少的辩证关系。故选D。Passage 2【真题自测】【2020全国新课标III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A housewa
37、rming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the ne
38、w space with love and hopefully presents. 37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isnt a registry, a go
39、od housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant. 38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, h
40、owever, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39 Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually b
41、ring firewood to a new home as a gift. 40 Now most homes have central heating and dont use fires to keep warm.A. This isnt usual though.B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.D. If youre lucky enough to receive
42、 gifts, keep them in a safe place.E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.【答案】36.E37.B38.C39.A40.G【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取
43、，活动安排和名称的由来。36.上句The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上
44、下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。37.下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant.列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。38.本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciate
45、d since at a housewarming there isn t a lot of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。故选C。39.本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项：但这并不常
46、见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。40.上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合语境。故选G。Passage 3【新题模拟】（2021江苏连云港市高三月考） Why do people take “selfies(自拍)?”Researchers at Syracuse University in New York tried to answer that question. 1 People who post selfies and use editing s