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1、Te Sinew of Peace(丘吉尔的铁幕演说14。3。)WestmnserClleg， ultn,MssouriI a gladto me to WstmserCollee this rnon， and am compliented ha yo shoul gie mea degee。 The ne ”Wesminer” i smow familr to e。 I em thav hear of bfore。 Inded, t wasa stmnster thaI reeiaer lar art fmyeduction in olics, dilectic, rheic， ndone
2、rto oer tings。In fact w have both ben eucatdat t same,or similar, or, atany rate, kindred etablisment.It issoan honr, perhplmst nique， fo a private visitor b intoducd to an acemc audienby te Peside othe Unite tate。 mid hiseavy brdens, dutes, ndrespnsiilities noght but no coed fo-thePreident has tavl
3、led a thousandmil to dnif amaiy o meeing ee to-day an o give e an opotnity oaddessing thiskindred ntio, as ella m own countrymenacrs the ocean， and pera smothrciestoo。Te Presdentas toldyouthat is h ish， as I a ue i yours，thaI shouldhavefull ibty iv tue and faitfulounsl eseaniu and balngime. Ishll ce
4、rtily avail myselfof hisfredom, an feel he ore righ t dooecus a pte ambtins may hvherishedin my oungr days he ben satifd beyond yilest dam。 Let , howeve，makeiclear atI hav oofficial msion or stau of any ind, thatIspek only or ysef. Thr is noig h but hat you eeI canthfore allw my mnd, wih he eperince
5、 f a eime, to lay ovr te pobems which b uon temoow ou asolte vcnrm, nd to try to ak su wi hat trgh I hv ha wht has been ined wi o uc sacifice and sfferng sallbe eservd fr fture glor and safetomankind.TheUted Sate stands at this tim at thepnnal o worl r. I sa emn ent or te AmeicanDmcracy. or witprima
6、cy pow is ls jonedan aweispring accutbilty to hfutue。 Ifou ook aound ，ou usteelnot only theenfduty done butls yo mst fel anxiey est ou all ow the lvel ofacheetOprtni s herno, earad hinig for ot ur outries. To rct i or inor or frtteri away illbringpous all the lng eohof the afertim. Itisecssary tat c
7、nsy oind， psistenof pupoe， and th gran impliciy of deciioshall guide nd rule the condct f teEglish-speingoplsin eace as thedid i war。W must， nd belve wehll,poveouselve eual to this sever requirement. Wen Americn militar menapproch some sru situaio thy r won to write at th ead heir dirctiv he wodsvel
8、l srategic ncept.There is sdmin hs,ast ads o clarit toht. Wha then is te overall sratgi cnep hchwe shoud incr tody?It nothing ls a he say an efre, the fre d rogres, of all te homes ad fiies o al he mn womenin all the ands. nd here I sapaticularyfmria cotago artent homes wer the wage-erner tri md the
9、 aidents ad diffiults of lie o gurd hi wife and chidrnfr privton and bring te family up in te erof theLod, or uon ec oncetionshich oten pl heir potnt pat。Togivesecuty othese otss hms， hy mst be sild fo the toant aau， a andyrany。 Weall kow the frghtul itrbncs nwhch the oriry family is luged hen h cur
10、se ofwa wops don up the bred-winneandhose fo whom h os ad cotie. TheawfulruinfEuop, it altsnishelrs,ndoflre prt fAsia gre us they hen he designs o wickd meort aggrssve rge f migty Sats islveoverlarge arasthe frme of civilise sociey, hmbl olk arecofroted wt diffictis with whic they annote. Fr thm ll
11、is distortd, als broen, ven grond o ulp.We stand er hs qit afternon I shu vulise haisactualy happing to illios now nd wha i ging t happennhis riod hn amine stk the earh。 one cn cmputewhahs een calld th unesttedumofhun pain。 Oursupreme task an dty s t uard te home of he cmn peope fro the horror adere
12、 of another wa. We r all gr thatOurAmericanmilitr oleaes,aftr avigprolamedthr over-ll sttegcconcept” andomued avalble resous, always roceed to the et step nmely,te mtod。 Hereaain tre i idsred aremn. Aworl onisaton has alrey bee eected or pm purposeo peventing war, UN， uccessr o te League of Naos,wh
13、th decisi adtion of the ited tates an ll thtatn, is already a workWe m mke sre tat itswork fruitfl, that it is aalty and no aham， that its forefo action, ano ely a frthing of words, hat it i true tempeofeaein which e shilds of may natio ca ome daybe hung up， d o erela cocki i a ower of Babel。 forw c
14、ast away e solidassuranes of nainal aments or selfpreervatinwe mustbecertain atouemle is buit，nt upon siftn snd ruagmires, butupon he rock.Anone cnswith hi eyes pen ao hill be difficutand also g,but fe pereve together as e did in the towrld wr - hughnot, aas， inth ntea twenthem ctdobt thaw shal achi
15、evoomon urpos in heen.Ive, wver, a eiite ad racticl prosal t make for acton. Courts an maisratesmay e se u but thcannot fnctio withut iffsan onstables。 Th nitd Nats Oganisation msimmedatel eginto beequped withan inrnatinaard force。 In sch a mater we can onl gostep by sp，but we mut bgin now I popose
16、that ach f he Powersnd Stats should be invited to deegae a certai numerof asqudronst th riceof thewor orgnsaio. Tesesuadrons oul be traiea prepare nhei wn counti， btwuld move aond in rotatin frm ocountryo anoher。They wld eth unirmof tirn countrisut ith diffrent bdgs。 hey uld o b rqired to ctainst th
17、eir natio,bt iothrespectshey would e directd b the wrd ognisation This igh be stredo modeste awould owas onfidence re. I wsh tose this dne after he frt worwar, an I devoutly rt ma edoneorthwht onevehees be wrong ndimprudent to etus thseret kowledge epeience oteatomi bob， whic th Unted State,GreatBri
18、ain,ndCanada noshae, t t orld gansation， whie i s till iits inancy。 Itould be rimina dnss to a t adrif i thssill iaed and unuit w。 o neinay counry has slpt ess well ithibes becse this knowledeandte et nd the rwaerias t aply it, re at presn largely etained i Aerin hads. Id not blie e shold alhave sle
19、t soundlyha thepsitions ben reved ad ifoe omuist or -Fasist Sateonopolised for the tmebeing theseeadagencies。Thefea of the ale migt easy h bee used o nforc totalitrin ssmsuponthe fe demticwrld, wih coneqeces ppalin to humamagination. Gd s willed that ts shall no be an wehv at at a beathn pace to et
20、our ous in orer before his ri a tobe ecountr: andeven then， i n efforti spard， w shld sti psesso formiable a suprioityst imse effecte eteres upoit mplymnt, othrea f plyent,byoters。 Utimately， whentheessenia brothehoo of man i ruly emded a epresed ina worldorganistnith al the neessary practialafurds
21、omake itefcte， these ower would natrally be ofided to thatordorganisti。ocoe to the sconng of these t maraudes whiheaens te cotage，thehoe, and te odinry pele nme， tyranny。 We canno be lindo th act t he liberties enoyedby invidul ciizes throught theBitishEire areot vali in coserbl nmber f counts， smeo
22、fhicare ey pwerful。 n these Staescotrlis enforced on the common peoe by various kinds of llemracing pie govments。he wer othe Stte is eeciedwithoutrestri, ter by itaors or y compactoigarchies opeang through a preged party nd aolital oli. t is noour duy t hitime hen iffultis ar sonumes t intefereforcy
23、 i he iteal afars ofcoutres ic weha nt conqueed i w。 But we mu nee eae o prcaim i fless tons the geaprincple of fedom an he htsofman whire e ointinhitanof te nglhspekngorld nd wh throgh Magn Carta, teillof ights, theHabeas Cous，trialb jy， ad the Englsh commn law fthirot famsxpresini themerican Delar
24、aton of Indenence.All hi eas hat th people oany ountrhav te igt，andsho av thpowr yconstitutina co, by freeunfetted elecions, wit scret ball, o hose ohange the haractr or rm governetnerwhich he dwll; tat redomf spech andhoughtould ei; tha courts f justice,indepndent f te exectve,biaed y ny party，houl
25、d diniste law hih haveeceive the bad assent of ag maritiesr re cscratd by tme and cstom。 Hee re hetitl eeds o from hichshoud lie n everycotgehom。e s th mesaeo th British and Aic poples to ain。Let uspeachte practise et us practise whatprah。 haeno state the oret dangershich menace the hs fthe eople: W
26、ar d Tyany。 I ave tt poken fperty anpriation wichare in anycassthe prain anxty。utf he dngrsfwar ad tyrnnae removed, ter iooubtatsce and o-oeraton ca ring n he next e yer tte od， cetinl in te nx ew dcad elyta ihesapeig schoolf a,a exasi o mteri weleing beyond anythn hahas yeocurdin hma experiece。Now，
27、 at ths sa and bathle mmet, we are plunged n the unge anddisrs hiare te aftemtof or stupedostuggl; ut thsill pass and mayass quicky,andter i o reasn xept huan foly o ubm cime chhud dn to lthenion the inauguration andenoymt ofan ag of plenty I havofte usdwords whichI larne iy yar ago from a geat Irih
28、Aericanoto,afriendomine, Mr。 ouke Cocran. Teris enough fol。 Th eat is a genrsmther; she llprovde in plentifulabundncfoodforallhe cildrenif theyl buculieheo in tice and in pace.” So far I fel thtwe ae i full agrement。Now，whil stil rsung the metho of reisig u oerallrategicconcept， cme tothe cr owhatI
29、av trald here to say. Neither th sre rventio of wa,nor the cntnuourse f woldogansao will be aie witout wha I havcalle th fraterna assoio thEish-spekingpeples。 Thi mea a scal relationshipbtwen the Briish ommnweath an mpireand th Unite tates. This s oim for enerits， ad I ill veure to be prcis。 Frarnal
30、asoiio requires ot only tegowgfriedsip and muual undertanigbetwenou two atbut kired ystms of siety, b th ontiunce o e itimereaionhi beteen or miitay asers，leain to comon tuy potetl dges， the imiariy f weapnsand manl o isructns, dto he inerchane f fceand cadets at tcnl colleges。 t hould cr ih i te co
31、ninance of the esen facilitie or ual curity bye oinse oal aval ad Ar Forc bssithe ossession of eihr couy all er hwor. Ti wud perhaps oublethemobility ofthe Arica Navad AirForce。 Itwoul gretly an th of the Btish mpireForces and tmg el lead, f ad asth wrl ca down, o mprtant cial saving. leaye se tethe
32、ra lge nmber of islands; mre m well b enrust t our ointcare intnear fte。ThUitedSats ha lready aemnentefenc greement itteDominion of anda, wich is soevotedly tched o th Britis Commonealt and Emire。 Thi Aement is mre feci thnanyf hosewhich hav ofte been ade ndrfoal allanes。 Thipinciple ould be extende
33、d to al itih Cmmonalths with fu eciprct。 Thus,wtevr hppens, ndthu only， sal be ecreurseves and le to ork teter fr he hgh an simplecasestat reerto s adbod no ill to any。 Evntualytheremay come - felevenualtere illcom t priniplo comon itizenhip, ut tht e ay be ott toleae o etiny, wse outstechedam any o
34、f u can lreaylerls。There is howv an imprtant questin w mtas urselve。 Woulda specl relanhipetween the Uni Stend the Biis ommowelth beicoistnt our e-rig loyalte he Wrl rgaisaton? I rply that， on e otrary, i is obably he nl meas by ch tht oganiaio will civ is ful star nd srengt. There are areadythe spe
35、c nted Sttes rlations with Cad which I ave jut metiond,an there a tpcial relatiobetwee the nite tates and heSthAmerianReublics。 We Brith hv ourtwetyes Traty of Cbortin and Mual Assistc wth ovie Rsi. agre wth M。 Bevin, the Foen Secrear of eatBritain， that t migh wellbe a ifty yasTrety so faras weare
36、cceed。Wamat nothig t mutual asiace andclaborain。 TheBritish havenlince wi Prtual unbroensice 34, nwich puce fru ets a criticalmoments i the late war。 n of tesclh with t enralnteret oa wrld reement, or woldrgansation； on the contrary they hlp.”In maershouse re manmasion。 Special asociation ete me of theUnted Nations whch hve no ggrssie point aginst an oher counry， ih hror no dsgn ncompatibl ith the harer of te Unite Nations， ar frombeig hrmu, are nefcil , s believ, isnal。 I poke ealier thTple of Peace。 Workmen o l cotrs must u that templ。 If two ofthe wokmn know ec