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1、第二部分阅读理解专题十六事实细节Passage 1(2013浙江，A)No one knows for sure when advertising first started.It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them.That led to the concept of specialization，which means that people would specialize，or focus，
2、on doing one specific job.Lets take a man well call Mr.Fielder，for example.He did everything connected with farming.He planted seeds，tended the fields，and harvested and sold his crops.At the same time，he did many other jobs on the farm.However，he didnt make the bricks for his house，cut his trees int
3、o boards，make the plows(犁)，or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs.Instead，he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr.Plowright.Using what he knew about farming and working with iron，Mr.Plowright invented a plow th
4、at made farming easier.Mr.Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows.Perhaps，he thought，other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.How did Mr.Plowright let people know what he was doing？Why，he advertised，of course.First he open
5、ed a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door.It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr.Plowright and his really good plows.Many histori
6、ans believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago.Even before most people could read，they understood such signs.Shopkeepers would carve into stone，clay，or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.A medium，in advertising talk，is the way you communicate your messa
7、ge.You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols.The second medium was audio，or sound，although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today.Originally，just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument，such as a bell，were used to get peoples at
8、tention.A crier，in the historical sense，is not someone who weeps easily.It is someone，probably a man，with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city.In ancient Egypt，shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products.Often this earliest form of advertis
9、ing involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods.Perhaps the crier described the goods，explained where they came from，and praised their quality.His job was，in other words，not too different from a TV or radio commercial in todays world.1What probably led to the start of advertising?AThe discovery
10、of iron.BThe specialization of labor.CThe appearance of new jobs.DThe development of farming techniques.解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句和下文所举的两个例子可知：劳动的专业化导致广告业的开始。答案B2To advertise his plows，Mr.Plowright .Apraised his plows in publicBplaced a sign outside the shopChung an arrow pointing to the shopDshowed his pro
11、ducts to the customers解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop.”可知。答案B3The writer makes up the two stories of Mr.Fielder and Mr.Plowright in order to .Aexplain the origin of advertisingBpredict the future of advertisingCexpose problems in advertisingDprovid
12、e suggestions for advertising解析推理判断题。作者通过讲故事，用简单的逻辑推理知识解释广告业的起源。答案A4In ancient Egypt，a crier was probably someone who .Aowned a shipBhad the loudest voiceCran a shop selling goods to farmersDfunctioned like todays TV or radio commercial解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“His job was，in other words，not too different fr
13、om a TV or radio commercial in todays world.”可知，crier所起的作用就是我们今天电视或收音机里的商品广告。答案D5The last two paragraphs are mainly about .Athe history of advertisingBthe benefits of advertisingCthe early forms of advertisingDthe basic design of advertising解析概括大意题。最后两段描述了广告业的原始的、早期的形式，故C项符合。答案CPassage 2(2013湖南，B)In
14、 my living room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to “Bloom(开花) where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy.I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky.The job responsibilities requ
15、ired occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program.Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area.To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding arou
16、nd the mountain.In the eightmile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times.Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing.The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby hou
17、ses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom(忧郁) disappeared.Upon arriving at Dorothys classroom，I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen.The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects.Dorothy told me
18、 with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner” (lunch)In case you dont know, poke greens are a weedtype plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground.Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students.Her enthusiasm never cooled down.Whe
19、n it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready.She came to the assessment and passed in all areas.Afterward, she invited me to the oneandonly steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had r
20、eceived her Ph.D.degree.After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand.She said it was a family heirloom(传家宝), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.6“Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph 1 refers to .Aa program
21、 directed by DorothyBa course given by the authorCan activity held by the studentsDan organization sponsored by Union College解析细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句“I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky.”可知，
22、我当时是通过一个项目任教“Early Childhood Development”， B选项与此意吻合。 答案B7In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing .Athe long trackBthe poor housesCthe same trainDthe winding road解析细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句“Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty l
23、evel was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.”可知作者非常的失落，这里的贫穷令人震惊，低矮的小房子让作者感到了绝望，B选项与此意吻合。答案B8Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by .Aa warm welcomeBthe sight of poke greensCDorothys latest projectsDa big dinner made for her解析推理判断题
24、。根据第三段第二句“Upon arriving at Dorothys classroom, I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen.”可知作者一到班级，受到了“王后”式的待遇，即热烈欢迎，A选项与此意吻合。 答案A9What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?AShe was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.BShe got a pen as a gift from the author.CShe pa
25、ssed the required assessment.DShe received her Ph.D.degree.解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句“She came to the assessment and passed in all areas.”可知她通过了所需的评估，C选项与此意吻合。答案C10What does the author mainly intend to tell us?AWhatever you do, you must do it carefully.BWhoever you are, you deserve equal treatment.CHowever p
26、oor you are, you have the right to education.DWherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement.解析主旨大意题。作者在文章开头提到了那个有着不寻常意义的匾上的字，“Bloom where you are planted.”，即“在你被播种的地方开花”，并用自己经历的故事告诉我们，不管我们在哪里，都能实现自己的成就和梦想，D选项与此意吻合。答案DPassage 3(2012山东，A)The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautifu
27、l place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.For thousands of years，Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru，far from western civilization，The first European to arrive was John Fearn
28、 in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter，a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.However，because it was very remote，Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit，bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the s
29、ocial balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A tenyear civil war started，which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.Naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.In fact，it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphat
30、e，which is a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate.A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground；it is a strip mine.When a company stripmines，it removes the top layer of soil.Then it takes away the material it wants.Stripmining totally destroys the land.Graduall
31、y，the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.In 1968，Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.Unfortunately，the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In additi
32、on，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000，Nauru was almost financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately $43
33、3,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.【语篇解读】本文属于节能环保类。作者通过讲述太平洋岛国Nauru由过去的平静美丽到后来的由于盲目开发磷酸盐矿及政府滥用资金而造成的生态灾难，警示其他国家要引以为戒。11What might be the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo seek help for Naurus problems.BTo give a warning to other countries.CTo
34、show the importance of money.DTo tell a heartbreaking story of a war.解析事实细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知答案。答案B12What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?ARich and powerful.BModern and open.CPeaceful and attractive.DGreedy and aggressive.解析推理判断题。由文章前两段可知，Nauru是一个“beautiful”且“remote”的国家，再根据第五段的lovely island，可以
35、推断出答案。答案C13The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from .Asoil pollutionBphosphate overminingCfarming activityDwhale hunting解析事实细节题。根据文章第五及第七段可知，磷酸盐矿是露天矿，开采时要去除表层土壤，取走想要的材料，完全破坏了土地，可爱的土地最终看起来像月球一样。90%的土地被破坏了，他们变得一无所有。答案B14Which of the following was a cause of Naurus financial problem?AIts leaders
36、misused the money.BIt spent too much repairing the island.CIts phosphate mining cost much money.DIt lost millions of dollars in the civil war.解析事实细节题。根据文章第七段“Unfortunately，the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.By 2000，Nauru was almost financially ruined.”可知答案。答案A15What
37、 can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?AThe ecological damage is difficult to repair.BThe leaders will take the experts words seriously.CThe island was abandoned by the Nauruans.DThe phosphate mines were destroyed.解析推理判断题。由文章最后一段倒数第二句，专家说将会花费大约433 600 000美元，需要20多年来修复该岛，故选A。答案APassage 4(20
38、11天津，A)Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.What to ExpectThe host will provide accommodation and meals.Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.You will be g
39、iven the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.Accommodation ZonesHomestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2,3 and 4 of the transport system.Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London
40、 is commercial and not residential(居住的)Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area.It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.Meal Plans AvailableContinental BreakfastBreakfast and DinnerBreakfast，Packed Lunch and DinnerIts important to note that few English f
41、amilies still provide a traditional cooked breakfast.Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal(谷物类食品)，bread and tea or coffee.Cheese，fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England.Dinners usually consist of meat o
42、r fish with vegetables followed by dessert，fruit and coffee.FriendsIf you wish to invite a friend over to visit，you must first ask your hosts permission.You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.SelfCatering Accommodation in Priv
43、ate HomesAccommodation on a roomonly basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room.This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the longstay student.However，it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homes
44、tay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.【语篇解读】本文为应用文，介绍了为学生们提供课堂以外说英语的机会并体验成为英国家庭成员的一分子的服务机构Homestay的各种信息。16The passage is probably written for .Ahosts willing to receive foreign studentsBforeigners hoping to build British cultureCtravellers planning to visit
45、 families in LondonDEnglish learners applying to live in English homes解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的English language students.to speak English.and the experience of being part of a British home.可知：本文是专门写给申请住在英国家庭里的英语学习者的。答案D17Which of the following will the host provide?ARoom cleaning.BMedical care.CFree transport
46、.DPhysical training.解析事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Rooms will be cleaned.可知A项正确。B：医疗；C：免费交通；D：体育培训。答案A18What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?AZone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2.BThe business centre of London is in Zone 1.CHosts dislike travelling to the city centre.DAccommodation in the city centre is not provide
47、d.解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知：Homestays位于2、3、4区；又根据第二句Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial.可知：伦敦的商业区在1区，因此B项正确。答案B19According to the passage，what does Continental Breakfast include?ADessert and coffee.BFruit and vegetables.CBread and fruit juice.DCereal and cold meat.解析事实细节题。根据第四段中.Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal(谷物类食品)，bread and.可知C项正确。答案C20Why do some people choose selfcatering accommodation?ATo experience a warmer family atmosphere.BTo enrich their knowledge of English.CTo entertain friends as th