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1、小综合训练5对应学生用书P130.阅读理解(2019包头质检)Humans invention of zero was vital for modern mathematics and science, but were not the only species to consider “nothing” a number. Parrots and monkeys understand the concept of zero, and now bees have joined the club, too.Honey bees are known to have some numerical (
2、数字的) skills such as the ability to count to four, which may come in handy when keeping track of landmarks in their environment. To see whether these abilities extended to understanding zero, researchers trained 10 bees to identify the smaller of two numbers. Across a series of trials, they showed th
3、e insects two different pictures displaying a few black shapes on a white background. If the bees flew to the picture with the smaller number of shapes, they were given delicious sugar water, but if they flew toward the larger number, they were punished with bittertasting food.Once the bees had lear
4、ned to consistently make the correct choice, the researchers gave them a new choice: a white background containing no shapes at all. Even though the bees had never seen an empty picture before, 64% of the time they chose it rather than a picture containing two or three shapes, the authors report tod
5、ay in Science. This suggests that the insects understood that “zero” is less than two or three. And they werent just going for the empty picture because it was new and interesting. Another group of bees trained to always choose the larger number tended to pick the nonzero image in this test.In furth
6、er experiments, the researchers showed that bees understanding of zero was even more complex: For example, they were able to distinguish between one and zeroa challenge even for some other members of the zero club. Advanced numerical abilities like this could give animals an evolutionary advantage,
7、helping them keep track of predators (捕食者) and food sources. And if an insect can display such a thorough grasp of the number zero, write the researchers, then this ability may be more common in the animal kingdom than we think.【语篇解读】科学家通过一系列的实验表明蜜蜂比鹦鹉和大猩猩更擅长理解零的概念。1According to the trials, the rese
8、archers have found that bees _.Aare as intelligent as parrots and monkeysBcan count many numbers after being trainedCcan identify the smaller number quicklyDunderstand the concept of zero解析推理判断题。由第一段中的“and now bees have joined the club”可知，蜜蜂和鹦鹉与大猩猩都理解零的意思，又根据第三段中“This suggests that the insects under
9、stood thatzero is less than two or three.”可知，实验表明蜜蜂明白零的意思，故D项正确。答案D2The researchers trained another group of bees to _.Aconfirm the bees are able to identify the smaller numberBfind the big difference between the two groups of beesCprove the bees are interested in new thingsDshow the bees can be dis
10、tinguished easily解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，另外一组被训练挑选大数字的蜜蜂常选择不含零的图片，由此可证明蜜蜂是知道零的含义的，科学家由此推断蜜蜂能认出较小的数字，故A项正确。答案A3What do the researchers suggest in further experiments?ABees should be trained more.BNumerical abilities could help predators find bees.CInsects are better at understanding zero than animals.DAn
11、imals may display a thorough grasp of the number zero.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，在进一步的实验中科学家发现蜜蜂能区别出1和0，而鹦鹉和大猩猩却有些难，由此推断出昆虫比动物更擅长理解“0”的概念，故C项正确。答案C4What is the best title for the text?ANew Findings about Bees Concept of ZeroBExperiments on Bees Numerical SkillsCComplex Trials about the Zero ClubDA Science
12、Report of the Species of Bees解析标题归纳题。文章介绍了一个研究发现，说明科学家利用实验发现蜜蜂理解零的意义，故A项作为标题合适。答案A.七选五(2019邢台质检)Anyone who loves to sing will probably tell you how good it makes them feel._1_ But there are many different physical, emotional and social benefits associated with singing that you may not realize.Singin
13、g improves your memory and cognition (认识). For one thing, there is no question that singing requires you to use your memory in ways that you dont normally use even if you cant always remember all of the lyrics to your favorite songs. _2_ For another thing, singers and musicians typically have higher
14、 IQ than nonmusicians. Singing can improve your overall brain function and help you think a little clearer._3_ A joint Yale and Harvard study showed that for some people living in New Haven, Connecticut, choral singing promoted healthy minds and hearts, which increased the length of life.Singing low
15、ers your blood pressure. There have been several case studies that have revealed that singing can decrease blood pressure due to its calming and relaxing effect. _4_Singing brings people together and creates a sense of community. Singing in a choir or singing in any sort of group environment with ot
16、her people can be a fun, bonding activity._5_ Whats more, singing in a choir can decrease depression in many adults.ASinging leads to a longer life.BSinging can cure various diseases.CIt gives you an opportunity to share an experience with a group of people.DThis is one excellent way to keep your br
17、ain remember things well as you age.EAlthough singing is good for your health, it is not good singing loudly in public.FIts no secret that singing can reduce your stress and bring much fun into your day.GPatients are able to calm themselves down and lower blood pressure by singing songs.答案与解析【语篇解读】喜
18、欢唱歌的人们总会告诉你唱歌的好处，唱歌能缓解压力、让人心情舒畅。除此之外还有一些你可能想不到的好处。本文从四个方面介绍了唱歌的其他好处。1F根据空前一句可知爱唱歌的人可能会说唱歌使他们感觉良好，故设空处应与唱歌的益处有关。再根据空后一句中的“that you may not realize”可知下文介绍的是人们不知道的一些好处，故F项“唱歌能缓解压力和带来乐趣，这些是众所皆知的。”与上下文呼应。故F项正确。2D根据空前一句可知即使你记不清自己最喜欢的歌曲的所有歌词，唱这首歌也会让你在脑海中不断回忆歌词，故D项“随着年龄的增长，唱歌记歌词是一种很好的增强记忆力的方法。”符合语境。3A 根据下一句
19、中的“which increased the length of life”可知本段讲述的是唱歌能让人长寿。故A项“唱歌让人更长寿。”适合作本段主题句。4G 根据本段小标题“Singing lowers your blood pressure.”可知唱歌能起到降血压的效果。本段讲述的是唱歌与血压的关系，故G项“病人们在唱歌时会平静下来，血压也会随之下降。”符合语境。blood pressure为关键词。5C根据空前两句可知，唱歌会把喜欢音乐的人们聚集在一起营造出一种群体的意识，与歌友们一起练唱是一项有趣又让人们联系在一起的团体活动。故C项“这会让你有机会与一个群体有共同的经历。”与上文呼应。.
20、完形填空(2019德州质检)Last summer I moved to Kirkland to live with my fianc， giving up being a lawyer. Without a job, I spent my days aimlessly _1_ around my new neighborhood.Thats how I _2_ Steve. Id seen him plenty of times beforeuntidy, with a messy gray beard, _3_ a worn cardboard sign at the street cor
21、ner. His _4_ asked for help with food or rentnothing fancy, and never for alcohol or drugs. Having lived in the area for ten years, Steve was well known to the _5_. Even as I chatted with him, several people waved to him as they went by. I _6_ called him the Mayor of Kirkland. He laughed, saying he
22、hoped the name would stick. He had much to do before his term was _7_.In September, he told me hed been homeless because he had a legal issue for the last thirty years and, as a result, his social security_8_ had been halved. The remaining amount wasnt enough to live on, so he was forced to spend hi
23、s days trying to _9_ the difference.Knowing I had _10_ experience, he asked me if I could help him with this matter. I agreed _11_. In the months that followed, I began to _12_ more time and energy into his case. When we met to discuss his case, it was as if a heavy _13_ was lifting off his back. I
24、could sense his _14_ optimism. He started describing me as his “a ray of _15_” and telling his friends what a great _16_ I was doing.Then came the day when the court finally decided to _17_ most of what Steve owed, which meant he would have enough money to get his life back on _18_. I could see tear
25、s in Steves eyes when he heard the _19_. But it also meant that I wouldnt see him as often anymore. When I told Steve this, he grinned with tears in his eyes, “Were friends, and friends _20_ time to see each other. Besides, the mayors still got to do his rounds.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。去年夏天“我”和未婚夫搬去Kirkland居
26、住并为此辞去了律师的工作，闲下来的作者热心帮助了流浪汉Steve，他因一个法律问题导致近三十年只能领到一半的社会保障金。最后Steve的生活得以改善。1A.imaginingBwanderingCsearching Djogging解析根据空前的“Without a job”和“aimlessly”可知，“我”搬到Kirkland之后因为没有工作所以在新的社区漫无目的地闲逛。imagine“想象”；wander“漫游，闲逛”；search“搜寻”；jog“慢跑”。答案B2A.found BmissedChelped Dmet解析根据空后的“Id seen him”可知“我”是在闲逛时遇到的St
27、eve。find“发现”；miss“错过”；help“帮助”； meet“遇见”。答案D3A.leavingBbringingCholdingDwriting解析根据语境可知Steve手里举着一块硬纸板牌子向人们求助，hold“举着；握着”，符合语境。leave“留下”； bring“带来”；write“写”。答案C4. Asign BcaseChouse Dwork解析根据空前的“a worn cardboard sign”可知空处指他拿着的牌子。sign“标牌”；case“情况，案例”；house“房子”；work“工作”。答案A5. Alocals BaudienceCpassersby
28、Dstrangers解析根据空后一句可知“我”和Steve聊天时也会有好几个过路的人向他挥手打招呼，故推知在这个地区住了十来年后，Steve已经被当地人熟知了。local“当地人”；audience“观众”；passerby“过路人”；stranger“陌生人”。答案A6. Acarefully BsilentlyCjokinglyDdesperately解析我开玩笑地称他为Kirkland市的市长。因为他并不是市长，只是作者的玩笑话，故jokingly“开玩笑地”，符合语境。carefully“认真地”；silently“沉默地”；desperately“绝望地；拼命地”。答案C7. Aup
29、BinCawayDon 解析他在“任期”结束前还有很多事要做。上文作者笑称他为市长所以他才打趣说的这番话。up“结束；告终”；in“在里”；away“离开”；on“在上面”。答案A8A.account BpaymentCnumber Dcard解析在九月份他告诉我他因为一个法律问题只能拿到一半的社会保障金，结果无家可归。social security payment“社会保障金”。account“账户”；number“数字”；card“卡片”。答案B9A.leave outBbreak down Ccut off Dmake up解析根据空前的“The remaining amount was
30、nt enough to live on”可知因为剩下的一半钱不足以养活他，所以他只能被迫终日向他人求助以弥补这部分钱的不足。make up the difference“弥补差额”。leave out“省略， 遗漏”；break down“出故障”；cut off“切断”。答案D10. ApoliticalBeconomicalClegalDfinancial解析根据第一段中的“being a lawyer”可知作者以前是律师，所以有法律方面的经验可以帮助Steve。legal“法律的；合法的”，符合语境。political“政治的”； economical“经济的”；financial“金
31、融的”。答案C11A.instantlyBgraduallyCprobablyDnormally解析我立刻同意帮他。instantly“立刻”；gradually“逐渐地”；probably“可能”；normally“正常地”。答案A12A.break BdivideCthrow Dperform解析在接下来的几个月里，我开始把更多的时间和精力投入到他的案子上。throw.into sth.“把投入到某事上”；break“打破”；divide.into.“把分成”；perform“表演”。答案C13A.demand BlossCweight Dblow解析由14空后的optimism可知他逐渐
32、乐观起来，当讨论他的案子时好像他背上的重担正在慢慢卸去一样。经济上的拮据对于他来说是精神上的重物，故weight“重担”，符合语境。demand“要求，需求”；loss“损失”；blow“打击；一阵风”。答案C14A.moving BinterestingCfalling Dgrowing解析根据语境可知随着案子的推进他变得越来越乐观。growing“增长的”，符合语境。moving“感人的”；interesting“有趣的”；falling“下降的”。答案D15A.mayor BsunshineClawyer Dincome解析他开始称我为他生命中的“一缕阳光”并且告诉他的朋友们我做得很好。
33、a ray of sunshine“一缕阳光”。sunshine“阳光”，符合语境。mayor“市长”；lawyer“律师”；income“收入”。答案B16A.lesson BcourseCchange Djob解析见上一题解析。do a good job“做得很好”。lesson“课程”；course“课程，航线”；change“改变”。答案D17A.charge BappreciateCforgive Dcollect解析终于这一天来了，法庭最后决定免除他之前的大部分债务，这意味着他会有足够的钱使自己的生活回到正轨上来。forgive“免除”，符合语境。charge“控告”；apprec
34、iate“欣赏”；collect“收集”。答案C18A.schedule BboardCguard Dtrack解析见上一题解析。on track“在正轨上；在正道上”，符合语境。on schedule“按时”；on board“在船(火车、飞机)上”；on guard“站岗；防备”。答案D19A.decision BattemptCexplanation Dtrend解析空处与17空前的decided呼应，指当他听到法庭的决定时。decision“决定”；attempt“企图”；explanation“解释”；trend“趋势”。答案A20A.kill BmakeCspend Dlend解析
35、我们是朋友，朋友总会抽时间见面的。make time to do sth.“抽空做某事”。kill time“消磨时间”；spend time“花时间”；lend“借出”。答案B.短文改错(2019西安质检)Last week, I took part in a summer camp, it invited some foreign students to visit. It was such good chance for me to practice English. At first, I was nervous, and the next day I got familiar wit
36、h them and found that they are also very curious about our study. After the short communication, I learned a lot of. I knew the first thing I should do was to improving my English. Though I didnt learn English good in the future, I would fall behind them. The second thing for me to learn was to deve
37、lop more interests. I think I can improve me and be the best one.答案与解析Last week, I took part in a summer camp, invited some foreign students to visit. It was such good chance for me to practice English. At first, I was nervous, the next day I got familiar with them and found that they also very curi
38、ous about our study. After the short communication, I learned a lot . I knew the first thing I should do was to my English. I didnt learn English in the future, I would fall behind them. The second thing for me to learn was to develop more . I think I can improve and be the best one.考查定语从句。该句逗号前后均为一
39、个完整的句子，所以应把it改为which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。考查冠词。chance意为“机会”，为可数名词，此处应加不定冠词表示“一次机会”。考查连词。第二天的情况和一开始不同了，所以应用but表示转折。考查动词的时态。介绍上周的情况，应用一般过去时，主句谓语动词found也是提示。考查固定短语。a lot of后面应该接名词，所以应去掉of，a lot用作状语。考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作表语。 考查状语从句。根据逻辑关系判断，前后句为条件和结果关系，所以应用If引导条件状语从句。考查副词。修饰动词learn应用副词作状语。考查名词的单复数。interest意为“兴趣”时为不可数名词，没有复数形式。考查代词。由于句子主语为I，所以应用反身代词作宾语。