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1、2014高考英语阅读理解二轮专题训练精品题（23）及答案阅读理解-BJune 26, 2000 the Human Genome(基因组) Project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic(遗传的) map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed. The scientific and medical communities(团体) are very excited about the chances genetic research provi
2、des for getting rid of diseases and prolonging(延长) human life. But those communities and policy(政策) makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life. For the last few years, the genetic advances in the developing field of biotechnology(
3、生物技术) have provides material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code(密码) have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the popular imagination. While European and Japanese researchers are making rapid pr
4、ogress in decoding(解码) human DNA, the leading organization for genetic research is in the United States, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code” of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal(致命的)diseases. Already, the Human Genome Project has become widely known and praised for finding the gen
5、es(基因) connected with terrible diseases as yet(迄今), and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or AIDS. Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections(传染), and genetic diseases. Medical companies are very intereste
6、d in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.1. Why did the scientists work hard at mapping the human genome? A. Because the human genome can destroy many illnesses. B. Because the human genomes completion can help them get rid of many diseases. C.
7、Because they wanted to be better known than others. D. Because the human genome can provide a lot of chances of work.答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。由第一段第二句话 “the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging human life.” 和最后一段首句 “Once these genes are found and studied, researchers
8、 can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases.” 可知，科学家绘制人类基因组图是为了驱除疾病，故答案为B。A选项表述不正确；C、D在文中均未提到。2. Which country studied the genes most rapidly in the world? A. Japan. B. Germany. C. The United States. D. China.答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。由第三段首句提到的 “the leading organization for genetic resea
9、rch is in the United States, ”可知，答案为C。.3. Which of the following is NOT true? A. If the genes can be found, scientists can study many new ways to cure illnesses. B. The scientists have made great progress in connecting the genes with the cancers. C. Many medical companies show great interest in draw
10、ing the human genome map. D. The United States began the Genes Study early in the 19th century.答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节判断题。由第三段首句提到的 “which began in 1990” 可知，美国是在20 世纪末开始绘制人类基因组图的，故D选项表达错误。 由最后一段首句 “Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic dis
11、eases.”可知，A选项与文意符合；由第三段最后一句 “and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or AIDS.” 可知，B选项与文意符合；由最后一段最后一句话 “Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, ”可知，C选项与文意符合，均不选。4. The author suggests that the Human Genome Project can cause _. A. th
12、e policy makers to feel very worried and careful B. the scientists to work harder C. many people to find work easily D. a lot of companies to produce many new drugs答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。由第一段最后一句话 “But those communities and policy makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the p
13、roject uncovers the mysteries of life.” 可知，A选项表述与文意不符。C选项未提及。由最后一段最后一句话 “Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.”可知，D选项是文中的一个事实，不需要推理，故不选。 结合全文内容和第一段提到的 “June 26, 2000 the Human Genome Project, a great $3 bi
14、llion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed.” 可以推断，绘制人类基因组图是一个长期的项目，现在虽然完成了百分之九十多，但是作者在文中也暗示了这个项目需要科学家更努力地工作，故B选项正确。5. The main idea of this article is about _. A. unlocking genetic code B. the genes discovery C. the great human genome D. the
15、 genes and the scientists答案解析：答案为A。本题考查文章的主旨大意。结合第二段提到的 “but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code”和第三段提到的 “ is unlocking the code of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases.” 可知，解读基因密码可以知道如何打败疾病。故答案为A。B、C、D都不是文章的中心。阅读理解课堂练学案（6）Passage Fou
16、rteen(Antarctica and Environment)Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the worlds environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica mak
17、es possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the
18、 north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet a concern they believe the world at large should share.The T
19、ransantarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West” of the mountain, the half of the continent south of
20、 the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.While ice and snow are obviously central to many environme
21、ntal experiments, others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to th
22、e Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges, rippled fi
23、elds of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists
24、 believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.1.What is the best title for this passage?A Antarctica and environmental Problems.Antarctica: Earths Early-Warning station.C Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post.D Antarctica: a Mysterious Place.2.W
25、hat would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?A The western part of the continent would be disappeared.The western part of the continent would be reduced.C The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.D The western part of the continent would be reduced to a
26、 cluster of Islands.3.Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?A Vicious wind blasts the snow away.It rarely snows.C Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.D Sand dunes.4.Which of the following is true?A The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside.The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers.C The “Dr
27、y Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant.D The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.Vocabulary1.distant-early-warning sensor 远距离早期报警传感器2.plateau 高原，高地3.slash 挥砍4.blast 一阵疾风/狂风5.vicious 邪恶的，凶魔般的6.gorge 峡谷7.ripple 起伏，使起微波8.sand dune 沙丘9.verdant 绿色10.extraterrestrial 地球之外的11.aura 气氛难句译
28、注1.Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.【结构简析】see as 把看作。Where定从修饰Antarctic。【参考译文】因此，越来越多的科学家把南极洲视为一个远距离早期报警敏感器，在那里地球许多潜在的危险动向早在它们出现于北方以前就能发现。2.The part of th
29、e continent to the “east” of the mountain东指的使印度正南的这一部分。或山移动的那部分洲。3.an aura of extraterrestrial desolation应译为：与地球格格不入的一种荒凉隔绝的气氛。或与世隔绝的一种荒凉气氛。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇有关南极洲科研考察的重要性的科普文章。采用因果，点面结合写法。首先提出：由于南极洲远离污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在着复杂的地质和生态环境，所以这块地方就可能得到更敏锐又易解释的科学测量结果。它成了监察世界环境变化的观察哨和空间站，后面几段就写了进行考察的方面和结果。答案详解1.A 南极
30、洲和环境问题。B. 南极洲：地球最早的报警战。C.南极洲：独一无二的观察哨。D. 南极洲：神秘的地方。三项都是总内容众的组成部分。2.D 大陆西部成为一群岛屿。第三段“横断南极的山脉，有的高达一万四千多英尺，把这大陆分成情况各异的两个地区。山脉以东的大陆部分是由差不多两英里厚的冰层覆盖的高原；山脉以西，即美洲以南的半个大陆也为冰层所覆盖。可是，这里冰层覆盖在大大低于海平面的岩石。如果西南极洲冰层消失，那这大陆西部将成为稀疏的岛群。”A. 大陆西部将小时。B. 大陆西部缩小。 D. 大陆西部将成为分散的岛屿。3.C 因为地球变暖和狂风劲吹。在第四段：“这些干谷甚至在寒冬季节也很少有冰雪。它们插在
31、南维多利亚陆地的山脉中，一度曾有从极地高原到罗斯海的深度为9000英尺的冰河。现在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一万年间地球变暖的结果。即使落入干谷的雪也被从极地高原咆哮入海的邪恶狂风吹散了。留下来的是裸露的壮观的峡谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被时速一百英里的大风雕刻成奇形怪状的大砾石，形成与世隔绝的荒凉景象。”A. 邪恶的狂风吹走了雪。B. 它很少下雪。D.沙丘。这三项只是干谷现象的一部分。4.C 他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句“尽管干谷具有神秘的一面，科学家却相信他们可能为地球上葱绿的地方带来了希望的信息。”A.干谷内什么都没有留下。B. 干谷内从没有冰河。D. 按照
32、科学家的看法，干谷毫无用处。阅读理解-ATechnology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods,
33、which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: ea
34、ch nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.Workers no longer started on the product and labored to c
35、omplete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by todays standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production
36、allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasnt the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmer away. The increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the l
37、and and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, l
38、ooked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.1. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.B
39、. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.C. The increased use of machines to make products in less time.D. The use of machines producing parts of the same standard. 答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。从文章的第一段 “One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human powe
40、r. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product:” 可知，A、C、D都在文中提到了。故答案为B。2. According to the writer, highly skilled workers _A. completely disappeared with the coming of the fact
41、ory systemB. were dismissed by the bossC. were unable to produce goods of high standardD. were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。从文章第二段 “Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of hig
42、h standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.” 可知，机器批量生产的产品标准高，数量多，这是手工生产无法匹敌的。故答案为D。3. According to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?A. Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.B. They stuck to their farm work.C. They refused to use machines.D They did their best to learn how to use the machines.答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从第二段的倒数第四句话 “They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.” 可知，答案为A。- 8 -