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1、 阅读理解之科普知识类(共3篇，限时24分钟)A(2013安徽皖南八校联考)How far would you be willing to go to satisfy your need to know? Far enough to find out your possibility of dying from a terrible disease? These days thats more than an academic question, as Tracy Smith reported in our Cover Story.There are now more than a thous
2、and genetic (基因的)tests, for everything from baldness to breast cancer, and the list is growing.Question is, do you really want to know what might eventually kill you? For instance, Nobel Prize winning scientist James Watson, one of the first people to map their entire genetic makeup, is said to have
3、 asked not to be told if he were at a higher risk for Alzheimers (老年痴呆症)“If I tell you that you have an increased risk of getting a terrible disease, that could weigh on your mind and make you anxious, through which you see the rest of your life as you wait for that disease to hit you. It could real
4、ly mess you up，” said Dr. Robert Green, a Harvard geneticist.“Every ache and pain，” Smith suggested, “could be understood as the beginning of the end.” “Thats right. If you ever worried you were at risk for Alzheimers disease, then every time you cant find your car in the parking lot, you think the
5、disease has started.” Dr. Green has been thinking about this issue for years. He led a study of people who wanted to know if they were at a higher genetic risk for Alzheimers. It was thought that people who got bad news would, for lack of a better medical term, freak_out. But Green and his team foun
6、d that there was “no significant difference” between how people handled good news and possibly the worst news of their lives. In fact, most people think they can handle it. People who ask for the information usually can handle the information, good or bad, said Green. 语篇解读：科学的发展使人们能够通过基因检测了解到自己将来会死于
7、什么样的疾病，但是这也恰好成为了争议的焦点人们是否应该享有对自己未来可能得什么病的知情权。1Which of the following is TRUE about James Watson?AHe is strongly in favor of the present genetic tests.BHe is more likely to suffer from Alzheimers disease.CHe believes genetic mapping can help cure any disease.DHe doesnt want to know his chance of gett
8、ing a disease.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知，James Watson不希望被告知自己将来会得什么病。D项正确。2According to Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4, if a person is at a higher genetic risk, it is _.Aadvisable not to let him knowBimpossible to hide his diseaseCbetter to inform him immediatelyDnecessary to remove his anxiety解析：选A推理判断题。
9、根据Robert Green和Smith所说的话可知，在他们看来，如果一个人被告知自己将来会得什么病，这个人一定会心事很重，总会把不好的东西与未来可能得的病联系在一起，会把事情搞得一团糟，因此如果一个人有较高的得某种病的风险，最好不要让他知情。3The underlined part “freak out” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “_”Abreak downBdrop outCleave off Dturn away解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“But . good or bad, said Green.”可知，大多数人对
10、好消息和坏消息都会处理得很好，而Dr. Green 最初做这个研究时，他以为如果有人被告知自己将来会得什么样的病，这人会崩溃，而结果并不是这样。故freak out意为“崩溃”，与A项意思最为接近。4The study led by Dr. Green indicates that people _.Aprefer to hear good newsBtend to find out the truthCcan accept some bad newsDhave the right to be informed解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，通过研究，他们发现好消息和坏消息并不会对
11、被告知的人产生太大的影响，这说明人们是可以接受一些坏消息的。C项正确。B(2013湖北八市高三模拟)Many people think of the brain as a mystery. They dont know much about intelligence and how it works. When they do think about what intelligence is, many people believe that a person is born smart, average, or dumb and stays that way in the whole lif
12、e. But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscle it changes and gets stronger when you use it. And scientists have been able to show just how the brain grows and gets stronger when you learn.Everyone knows that when you lift weights, your muscles get bigger and you get stronger. A pers
13、on who cant lift 20 pounds when he/she starts exercising can get strong enough to lift 100 pounds after working out for a long time. Thats because the muscles become larger and stronger with exercise. And when you stop exercising, the muscles shrink and you get weaker. Thats why people say “Use it o
14、r lose it！”But most people dont know that when they practice and learn new things, parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise. Inside the cortex (皮层) of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells, called neurons. The nerve cells have branches connecting them
15、to other cells in a complicated network. Communication between these brain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems. When you learn new things, these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger. The more you challenge your mind to learn, the more your brain cells grow
16、. Then, things that you once found very hard or even impossible to do like speaking a foreign language or doing algebra (代数) seem to become easy after learning them for a period of time. The result is a stronger, smarter brain.Scientists started thinking that the human brain could develop and change
17、 when they studied animals brains. They found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more “perspicacious” they were better at solving problems and learning new things.语篇解读：科学研究发现，经常学习能促进大脑的发育，正如经常锻炼能使肌肉更强健一样5.According to the first paragraph，_.Athe function of our brain is lik
18、e that of the muscleBuntil now its impossible to explain the brains mysteryCmany people believe ones intelligence is naturally determinedDones brain grows stronger as the age increases解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“many people believe that a person is born smart, average, or dumb and stays that way in the whole
19、 life”可知C项正确。6Training muscles is compared to _.Ausing the brainBconnecting things in your brainClifting weightsDdoing research about the brain解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscle it changes and gets stronger when you use it.”可知答案。7What is Paragraph 3 mainly
20、 about?AThe complex structure of the brain.BHow changes in the muscles affect the brain.CThe importance of the brain.DHow the brain becomes stronger by learning new things.解析：选D段落大意题。本段详细描述了大脑如何通过练习和学习新事物而发生变化，从而变得更敏捷。8What does the underlined word “perspicacious” in the last paragraph probably mean
21、?AStrong.BSmart.CPopular. DActive.解析：选B词义猜测题。根据最后一段破折号后面的“they were better at solving problems and learning new things”可知，该词应为“敏锐的”之意。C(2013山东省济南市高三二模)Researchers have developed new software using smartphones GPS and imaging abilities that determine the exact location of distant objects as well as m
22、onitor the speed and direction of moving objects. The software could eventually allow smartphonearmed soldiers to target the location of their enemies. On the home front, the software could be used by everyone, including golfers judging distance to the green and biologists documenting the location o
23、f a rare animal without disturbing it.“The great advantage of a smartphone is that it provides so many tools in a single, readily available, relatively inexpensive package，” said Wang Qia, a doctoral student who led the development of the software. “For example, on the battlefield, a soldier needs a
24、 rangefinder, compass, GPS and other tools to get information before calling in an air strike. With our software, the soldier can have all those instruments in one device that can be purchased off the shelf. When that soldier returns from war, she can use the same software to protect her family by c
25、locking a speeder near her childrens school and catching the criminal on video.”Wang and his colleagues developed their software to locate and track：Targets of known size When the size of a target is known, a single image is enough to pinpoint the targets location.Targets of unknown size If the exac
26、t size of a target is unknown, the software uses two images to triangulate the location of the target.Moving targets By taking a short video of a moving target, the smartphone software can calculate how fast the target is moving and in what direction it is going.“Currently, our software is limited b
27、y the physical abilities of smartphone hardware, but the devices are improving rapidly，” Wang said. “We expect that improvements in GPS accuracy, battery life and camera resolution will allow our software to make even more accurate observations.”语篇解读：这是一篇科普性文章。研究人员已经开发出新的软件，使用智能手机的GPS和成像功能，确定远处物体的确切
28、位置以及监控运动物体的速度和方向。9From Paragraph 1 we can know that the new software can _.Adetermine the speed of moving objectsBlocate objects in the distance exactlyCdefend soldiers against their enemiesDhelp biologists protect rare animals解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“determine the exact location of distant objects”“allow
29、 smartphonearmed soldiers to target the location of their enemies”以及“biologists documenting the location of a rare animal”可知，新软件可以准确定位远距离的物体。故答案为B。10The example given by Wang Qia is meant to _.Amake an advertisementBdescribe the software brieflyCshow the benefits of the softwareDpresent the function
30、s of smartphones解析：选C细节理解题。从文章第二段的内容看，博士生王洽举例说在战场上，新软件可以集多种作用于一身，帮助士兵侦察；而当士兵从战场上返回时，她又可以使用相同的软件保护她的家人。由此可知该例子是为了说明新软件的优势。故答案为C。11How does the software calculate the speed of a moving object?ABy taking a short video.BBy locating its position.CBy taking a single image.DBy measuring its reallife size.解
31、析：选A细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段中的“Moving targets By taking a short video of a moving target”可知答案为A。12Whats Wang Qias attitude towards the future of the software?ACasual. BOptimistic.CCautious. DFlexible.解析：选B推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章的最后一句“We expect that improvements in GPS accuracy, battery life and camera resolution w
32、ill allow our software to make even more accurate observations.”可推知王洽对新软件使用前景的态度是乐观的。13What is the best title of the text?AWang Qia, a Talented Doctoral StudentBUse Smartphones to Their Full PotentialCTargeting and Tracking with SmartphonesDSmartphonearmed Soldiers on the Battlefield解析：选C标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是智能手机应用程序的跟踪与定位功能，故C项为最佳标题。6