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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思动词的时态语态1.时态时态用法例示一般现在习惯或常常反复发生的动作或存We always care for each other and help each 现在在 的 状 态 , 常 与usually, always, other. 时seldom, often, frequently, every day 等He sometimes stay up till midnight to catch up 时间状语连用with others. 主语现在的特点,性格和状态客观规律,正确事实或科学真理,格She
2、is always ready to help others. -do you sing. a little All the living things on the earth depend on the 言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在 sun. Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun. 在由连词 if, unless, before, as soon as, Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will when, once, however 等引起的时间 （条 take plac
3、e. 件,让步）状语从句,需用一般现在However much advice you give him, he will do 时表将来；exactly what he wants. 支配,或方案要做的动作（有时间状The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m. 语）限于 begin, come, leave, go, arrive, open, start, stop, close, return 等一类 动词；一般表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,The Great Wall came into being in 221BC. 过去常 与yesterday, in 1996
4、, two years 时ago ,last month, the day before yesterday, the other day 等表示过去的 时间状语连用；过去一段时间内常常或反复发生的行When I was in the factory, I often worked in the 为,常与 every day, often, sometimes workshop. 等时间状语连用, used to , would 常用We used to get up at five every morning when 来表示过去常常或反复发生的行为；were at school. Woul
5、d 不接表示熟悉或状态的词,但We would ask him for advice when we had used to 不受限制；trouble with our English. was at middle He used to like football when I school. 过去发生的一系列动作在时间,条件,方式让步状语从句中The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction. He said he would let us know if he got any
6、 用一般过去时表过去将来时；news. He promised that he would buy some copies for us when he went there. I didn t know you bought the present for me. 语境中的过去时,往往表示“ 刚刚,刚才,” 之意,示意现在已 “ 不再这样”名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思一般Shall/will +动词原形1 单纯表将来2 He will be thirty years ol
7、d next year. 将来不用于条件句中3 表必定的将来4 If you will wait here, the manage will be back 时表意愿,决心10 mins later. Be going to 1 方案准备干2, 客观迹象Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm. 预示If you are going to do it, you had better do it well. Be on the point of /be about to 不与时间状语连用,但可和 when 从句连用Be to 1 预定要做
8、2 表示命令,禁止 We are to finish the work before five this year. 应当 3 注定 No one is to leave the cinema without the police s police s permission 瞬时动词的现在进行时表将来；Go They are moving Nanjing for Guangzhou on start, set out, leave , reach, arrive, Sunday. return, come, move, take off 祈使句 /短语 +and/or +主语 +will Wo
9、rk hard and you ll succeed A bit more effort, and you will succeed. 将来表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过I shall have finished this one before lunch. 完成去的动作或该时刻刚刚终止的动作I hope well have got the instructions 说明书 时Was/were going to ready before you come tomorrow. 过去将来Was/were to 时Was about to Was/were + 现在分词Was/were on th
10、e point of 现在表示现在（说话瞬时）正在进行或发Look. The boy is dozing off. 进行生的动作How are you getting along with your English 时表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作；（说话时动作不肯定these days. 正在进行）表示说话人对主语的行为表称赞或厌The children are always making trouble. 恶 ；（常 与always, constantly, She is always asking the same question. continually 等副词连用）
11、瞬时动词表将来过去 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行 进行的动作；这一特定的过去时间,时 除有上下文示意外,一般和时间状语连用；表示说话人对主语的行为表称赞或厌恶 ；（常 与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用）瞬时动词表将来名师归纳总结 描写故事的背景It was winter. The north wind has blowing hard 第 2 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思and a heavy snow was falling. A poor
12、little girl was walking in the street. 用在复合句中 He was reading while his wife was cooking. While he was driving, he was thinking about the matter. 现在不与时间状语连用,表示逐步的进展It was getting darker. 对现在的影响或动作与状态的连续完成常与有介词for, during, in within, over We have discussed the topic for the last 3 时引导的时间状语连用weeks. I h
13、aven t seen him in the recent years. 表示反复或习惯性的动作,常与 several times, once, twice, 等频度副词 连用 用在时间,条件状语从句中,表示从I have watched him several times. He has been to London twice. I will give my opinion after I have read through 句动作先于主句动作之前已完成；the book. We will set out at once if the rain has stopped 现在表示从过去某一时
14、刻开头的动作始终He is ill. he has been lying in bed for three 完成连续到现在, 甚至将来；（强调进行的weeks. 进行过程）She is very tired. she has been typing letters all 时day. 始终到现在为止的一段时间内一再反All these years they have been contributing 过去复进行的动作articles to our magazine. 表示过去的过去；始终连续到过去某I received a letter from a friend yesterday. We
15、 完成一点的动作或状态；had not heard from each other since 1990 时表示原本准备实现而未实现的期望或We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we 计 划； 常用 此结构 德动词 有hope, failed to. want, expect, think, mean, suppose, They had expected to get what they needed, but intend 等 there was nothing there. 用于 no sooner than; hardly when 的句型
16、中I had no sooner returned than he called. 时态过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. 比较进行的动作；一般过去时表示动作的Mary was writing a letter to her friend last 完成night. 现在完成时强调结果或动作已完成 现在完成进行时强调动作在连续We have discussed the question with him. We have been discussing the question with him all e
17、vening. 固定By the end of By the end of last term, we had learned 2000 句型words. By the end of this term, we will have learned 名师归纳总结 It is the first time It is the first time that you have visited our 第 3 页,共 5 页It was the first time school. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思It
18、is high time that It was the first time that you had visited It is high time that you came here. 2 语态主动及物动词作不及物用副词（hardly, The pen write well. 表被easily, badly, nicely, well, smoothly ）等Wood burns easily. 动时；常用动词有act, add, bend, close, The car drives smoothly. lock, cut, begin, move, open, read, sell
19、, The case locks easily. teach, translate, wash, wear, write 等,主语往往是物而不是人；形容词不定式结构中, 不定式与句The picture is pleasant to look at. 子主语有动宾关系时；要留意假如句中的主语是不定式的逻 辑主语时用主动语态,否就用被动；I found his theory hard to understand. I found my theory hard to be understood. 介词短语in sight, on show, on sale, The new railway und
20、er construction will be under construction 作表语或定语表被completed soon. 动；Be worth, be missing , in need of , The teaching method is in need of improving. remaining, want/need/require be to There is no remaining money here. blame be to let The house is to let 连 系 动 词 ： 表 感 觉 的 appear, feel, Einstein s th
21、eory proved to be correct. prove, taste ,表变化的 become, come fall, grow, turn,表照旧的 continue, lie, remain, stay, stand 某些动词以物做主语,进行时表被动 The dinner is cooking. eg. Print, cook, fry, hang, build, make The book is printing. The house is building. 被动Burn, devote, dress, hide, seat, love, He seats himself o
22、n the bench. 表主wear, tire+oneself +介词 be+ed +介动词He was too frightened to move. Affect, amuse, astonish, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, frighten, inspire, move, strike, touch, upset, worry 等用于 sb+be+ed sth+be + ing 作定语 ed+sb ing+sth 不用 Come about, occur, break out, belong 被动 to,
23、happen, succeed, fail, add up to, take 语态 place, come into being, cost, set sail for, take part in, give out, come true, lose heart, play a part in 双重常用的动词有wish, expect, advise, The book is believed to have been translated 被动mean, believe, suppose, order, allow into French. 式The sports meet was neve
24、r expected to be put off. Get, become, go ,come ,feel, grow, I grew excited and a little frightened. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思seem, look 可以作为系动词在口语中He seemed satisfied with my offer 使用 Five soldiers got wounded in the battle. 高考对于进行体的常考点1 一个长动作作为背景,被
25、一个短动作打断,长动作往往用进行体,短动作用一般体；Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. As he was reading the newspaper, granny fell asleep. 2. 表示动作的未完性,临时性；I don t really work here. I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. 3. 表示现在或当时进展中或正在进行的情形；I don t think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space. I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at that time. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页