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1、Unit 1 Assembling ComputerTechnical Skill 1: Mastering GoalTask-1 Getting to Know the Hardware of a ComputerKnows the computer hardwareThe various PCs basic structures are nearly the same, although they seem different as the configuration and the shape. Figure 1-1 is for PCs main system unit and mon
2、itor. 任务 1 认识计算机硬件认识计算机硬件虽然各种PC机的配置和外观有所不同,但其基本结构是相同的,图1-1是PC机主机和显示器。 Getting to know the components of a computerThat some hardware in computer system unit, like mainboard, CPU, memory, hard disk, floppy driver and CD-ROM driver etc, belong to the assembling structure(结构). Though theirs brands(品牌)
3、and shapes are different, theirs basic function and task which they take on is roughly the same. Like some mainboards integrated the sound adapter(适配器) among them, and some others integrated sound adapter and display adapter among them. Figure 1-2 shows basic components of a system unit. 认识计算机中的各部件在
4、PC机主机中，有些硬件属组装结构。如：主板、CPU、内存、硬盘、软驱、光驱等。虽然不同品牌和规格的部件，其外观有所不同，但其基本功能和所承担的任务大致相同。如有的主板将声卡集成到其中；有的主板将声卡、显卡集成到其中。图1-2是主机中的基本部件。 Installing one assembled PC The basic step of installation is: l Put system unit and monitor on the proper place of the PC table.l Plug back in the keyboard cable connected into
5、 its slot(端口) of system unit.l Plug back in the mouse cable connected into its slot of system unit.l Plug the data cable of the monitor into the signal output slot of the display adaptor.l Insert monitor power cable into power supply slot first, and inserted another to 220Vs power supply socket,l In
6、sert power cable of the system unit first, and insert another to 220Vs power supply socket. Be sure do not plug the system into a wrong AC socket. Only connect devices when the computer is turned off. Thus, installing is finished. 安装一台已组装好的PC机安装的基本步骤是：l 将主机和显示器安放到微型机桌的适当位置。l 将键盘连接线插入主机的键盘连接端口。l 将鼠标连
7、接线插入主机的鼠标连接端口。l 将显示器的数据线插到主机显卡的显示器信号输出口。l 先将显示器电源线一端插入显示器电源口，另一端插入220V电源插座。l 先将主机电源线一端插入主机电源口，另一端插入220V电源插座。注意不要把系统插入错误的交流电插座中。当计算机关机时才能连接设备。 这样，安装完毕。PCs boot steps are:l Turn on the power switch of the jack.l Turn on the power supply of the monitor.l Turn on the power supply of the system unit.PC启动
8、的基本步骤是：l 接通插座的电源。l 接通显示器的电源开关。l 接通主机的电源开关。Keyboard connector Task-2 Assembling ComputerAssembling computer Step 1. Fix the mainboard into the system unit case. Be sure of fixing the insulation pads first. Step 2. Fix CPU to the mainboard. Pay attention to the corresponding(相应的) direction when fixing
9、 CPUs pins with the pedestal, if the direction isnt correct, the pins cant be plugged in. After the fixation, CPU must be stuck with the block stick.Step 3. Fix CPUs electric fan. Fix fan on fixed CPU according to the direction of fan, and clutch(固定) the electric fan with its blocks. Fix the power l
10、ine of electric fan by the instructions of the maps of mainboard. Step 4. Fix the memory strip. Insert the memory strip to the memory strip slot according to the direction. After inserting, the memory strip is fixed with the blocks automatically. Step 5. Fix display adapter. Plug display adapter ins
11、ide the AGP slot in the mainboard, and fix it on the unit box with the screws. Step 6. Fix hard disk. Fix the hard disk on the hard disk shelf of system case with the screws. 任务 2 组装计算机计算机的组装1. 将主板安装到主机箱中，注意要先安装绝缘垫件。2. 将CPU安装到主板上。在安装时注意CPU引脚与CPU座的对应方向，方向不对时，安装不进去。安装上后，一定要将CPU用卡杆卡住。3. 安装CPU风扇。将风扇根据方向
12、安装到已安装好的CPU 上，并用风扇卡件将风扇固定，风扇的电源线要根据主板图的提示安装。4. 安装内存条。将内存条根据方向插到内存条槽内。插入后，内存条卡件即自动将内存条固定。5. 安装显卡。将显卡插入主板的AGP槽内，并用螺丝将其固定到主机箱上。6. 安装硬盘。将硬盘用螺丝安装到主机箱的硬盘架上。Step 7. Fix CD-ROM driver. Fix the CD-ROM driver on the CD-ROM shelf of system box with the screws. Step 8. Fix floppy diskette driver. Fix the floppy
13、 diskette driver on the floppy diskette driver shelf of system box with the screws. Step 9. Fix the power line of mainboard. Plug the power export cable of supply on the system unit, plug into imported socket on the mainboard, Pay attention to the direction when inserting, if the direction isnt corr
14、ect, it cant be plug in.Step 10. Fix the power line of the hard disk and CD-ROM driver. Take the trapezoid plug of power supply cable (power out interface that with polarity) on system unit, and insert it into the power supply jack of hard disk and CD-ROM driver respectively. Usually the red line sh
15、ould be at the inboard inner sideline. Step 11. Fix the data wires of hard disk and CD-ROM driver. The data wires of hard disk and CD-ROM driver adopt the same kind of pattern, and usually wider than that of the floppy disk driver. Taking the data wires of hard disk or CD-ROM driver respectively(各个地
16、), plug one end into data jack of hard disk or CD-ROM driver respectively, and another end of hard disk data wires should be inserted into the IDE1 slot of the mainboard. Another end of the data wires of CD-ROM driver should be inserted in IDE2 slot on the mainboard. The new type data wires has the
17、directivity, it cant be insert when in reversed direction.7. 安装光驱。将光驱用螺丝安装到主机箱的光驱架上。8. 安装软驱。将软驱用螺丝安装到主机箱的软驱架上。9. 安装主板的电源线。将机箱电源的电源输出线，插入主板的电源输入插座上，插入时，要注意方向，方向不对时插不进去。10. 安装硬盘、光驱的电源线。分别取一条主机箱电源输出的梯形口线（具有方向性的电源输出口），分别插入硬盘、光驱的电源输入口。通常红线应在靠里一侧。11. 安装硬盘、光驱的数据线。硬盘、光驱的数据线采用同一种格式，通常要比软驱的数据线宽。分别取一条硬盘或光驱的数据线
18、，一端插入硬盘数据口或光驱的数据口，硬盘数据线的另一端插入主板的IDE1插槽中。光驱数据线的另一端插入主板的IDE2插槽中。新式数据线具有方向性，插反则插不进去。Activity Choose the best answer:1. The various PCs basic structures are nearly _, although they seem _ as the configuration and the shape. A. same, different B. same, same C. different, different D. different, same2. Th
19、e following units are hardware except _. A. mainboard B. CPU C. memory D. OS3. Which step is to fix hard disk on the hard disk shelf of system case with the screws._.A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 84. When booting PCs, there are _basic steps.A. 2 B. 3 C.4 D. 5 5. The data wires of hard disk and CD-ROM driver ado
20、pt the same kind of pattern, and usually _ than that of the floppy disk driver.A. wide B. long C. wider D. longerActivity Fill in the blanks with the proper word:1. That some_ in computer system unit, like mainboard, CPU, memory, hard disk, floppy driver and CD-ROM driver etc, belong to the assembli
21、ng structure. 2. Only connect devices when the computer is turned _3. Fixing fan on fixed CPU according to the _ of fan.4. Usually the red line should be at the inboard _sideline.5. After inserting, the memory strip is fixed with the blocks _.Activity Translate the following into English:1. 配置2. 计算机
22、3. 反病毒4. 硬件5. 显示器6. 主板7. 数据线8. 内存9. 硬盘10. 软盘11. 光盘12. 插拔13. 键盘14. 插糟15. 引脚16. 基架17. 螺丝钉18. 梯形插头Activity Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B.Column A Column BA. computer1. 反病毒B. anti-virus2. 中央处理器C. hardware3. 主板D. monitor4. 计算机E. component5. 硬盘F. mainboard(motherboard)6. 显示器G. CPU
23、7. 硬件H. Memory8. 内存I. hard disk9. 软盘J. floppy10. 集成K. CD-ROM11. 光盘L. Integrated12. 插糟M. Plug13. 键盘N. pedestal14. 基架O. Socket15. 插拔P. pin 16. 数据线Q.Keyboard17. 引脚R. data wires 18. 部件Activity Study the sentences, and then put them into Chinese:1. The data wires of hard disk and CD-ROM driver adopt the
24、same kind of pattern, and usually wider than that of the floppy disk driver.2. Pay attention to the direction when inserting, if the direction isnt correct, it cant be plug in.3. Like some mainboards integrated the sound adapter (适配器) among them, and some others integrated sound adapter and display
25、adapter among them.4.Plug the data cable of the monitor into the signal output slot of the display adaptor.5.Fix the mainboard into the system unit case. Be sure of fixing the insulation pads first.Unit 2 Input Output DevicesTechnical Skill 1: Mastering Goal Task-1 Input DevicesCPU, the heart of a c
26、omputer, can only understand 0 or 1. Its very interesting! Assuming that youd like asking a CPU what means “2” directly? Obviously it doesnt know. The numbers that CPU can deal with are binary codes. 0 and 1 are basic elements of computers machine language. Additionally, dont forget that a file name
27、d “xxx.bin” is a binary file. 任务 1 输入设备计算机的心脏CPU只能够明白数字1或者0。这真有趣！假设您想直接地问一问CPU, 2 是什么意思？它肯定不知道。CPU能够处理的数字是二进制代码。0和1是计算机的机器语言的基本元素。此外，不要忘记一个名字叫 “xxx.bin” 的文件就是二进制文件。And then, how do we interact with a computer? There are various input and output devices that can help us. We input different kinds of i
28、nformation into the computers. l We input letters, instruction codes by typing with keyboard, light pen and virtual keyboard on the touch screen.l We input pictures, our photographs by optical scanner.l We input images from digital camera, movie clip from DV, that means digital video camera, and a W
29、ebcam(网络摄像头) can help us greatly.l We input audio information into a computer by microphone, portable recorder pen.l And still input audio information from other audio resources, magnetic media of sound, music, pop etc.l Another input device is the mouseYou can move the mouse in screen，select object
30、sNormal setting is like that: single click left button select an icon or item, and quickly double click for running it. And single click right button on an item will popup a shortcut operation menu. l Under supporting by digital signal and voice recognizeing device and software, joystick, touch surf
31、ace, point pen, tremendous newly created input devices are being used to take advantage of our daily life.那么我们怎样与计算机交往呢？有许多种的输入输出设备能够帮助我们。我们将不同类型的信息输入计算机。l 我们敲击键盘、使用光笔和在触摸屏上的虚拟键盘输入字符、指令代码。l 我们使用光学扫描仪输入图画、及我们的照片。l 我们从数码相机输入图像、从DV，也就是数码录像机输入电影剪辑，还有网络摄像头也给了我们很大的帮助。l 我们利用麦克风、便携式录音笔将音频信息输入到计算机。l 还可以从其他音频
32、资源，声音、音乐、流行歌曲的磁性介质输入音频信息。l 另一个输入设备就是鼠标。你可以在屏幕上移动鼠标选择物体。其一般设置是这样：单击左键选择一个图标或者项目，快速地双击就可以运行它。而在一个项目上单击右键将弹出一个快捷操作菜单。l 在数字信号、声音识别设备和软件的支持下，游戏杆、触摸表面、点击笔等许许多多新创造的输入设备正在被使用,以便利我们的日常生活。The task of input device is to translate all these information (included character, audio and visual information, etc.) th
33、at our human beings can understand, to a digital signal codes that computer system can work with it, namely binary machine language. See the figure I made for you, the data transferred from an input device into CPU. 输入设备任务的任务是将这些我们人类能够明白的信息(包括字符、音频和视频信息等等，翻译成计算机能够进行工作的数字信号代码，即二进制机器语言。看一看我为您画的图，数据从某一
34、输入设备传输进CPU。 Task-2 KeyboardKeyboard is the most important input deviceInformation is usually entered into a computer by typing characters with the keyboardThe keyboard is usually connected to the back of the system unit caseThere are two parts of a keyboard:l A typewriter keyboard area.l A Numeric k
35、eypad.Lets go deep into their functions:任务2 键盘键盘是最重要的输入设备。我们通常在键盘上敲入字符，将信息输入计算机。键盘一般连接在计算机后部。键盘可分为两个部分：l 字符键盘区l 数字键区让我们深入看看它们的功能：A set of character keys, the main part of keyboard for typing characters in. 字符键组，是键盘的主要部分,用来输入文字符号。Numeric keys. Exp.: Simultaneously press Shift key together to print th
36、e up symbol “”.数字键。例如，同时按下Shift键与该键,以输出上部的符号“”。 Allocation key. You can touch a little bulge on its surface to judge you finger position.定位键。您可以触摸到其表面上的小突起来确定您的指法。A set of shortcut function keys, normally from F1 to F12, different software assigned each of them different tasks.一组快捷功能键，通常是从F1到F12，不同的
37、软件将它们每一个赋予不同的任务。 A set of navigation keys, Control the cursor or insertion point on the screen by strike one of them.一组导航键，敲击其中之一可以控制屏幕上的光标或者插入点(在屏幕上的位置)。 Enter回车键 Shift key help you toggle between the up cases and the lower cases. 上档键帮助您在大小写之间切换。 Capital Lock大写锁定键 Escape 退出键 Space back 退格键 Num Lock
38、 数字锁定键 Control 控制 Alternate 切换 Insert 插入 Delete 删除 Home 开始位置 End 结束位置 Page Up 前进翻页 Page Down后退翻页 Print screen: Copy the screen. With Windows operation system, you can catch a picture of the whole screen, store it to the clipboard.屏幕拷贝：在Windows操作系统下面，您可以抓取整个屏幕画面，将其存在剪贴板中。 Scroll Lock 屏幕锁定 Pause 暂停 Ta
39、sk-3 output devicesAfter the CPU had processed the data from the input devices automatically or according to your instructions, the results need to be output. The situation is just like an excellent cook had made some delicious dishes, who will enjoy it? Yes, the two typical output devices are monit
40、or and printer. Users can see commands you entered into the computer from screenThere are many kinds of monitors:任务 3 输出设备当CPU自动地或者按照您的指令处理完毕由输入设备输入的数据之后，其成果需要被输出。这正像一个出色的厨师已经做好了美味的菜肴，谁来享用它呢?当然两种典型的输出设备是显示器和打印机。用户可以看到可以从屏幕上看到您键入计算机的命令。这里有许多种的显示器：l CRT (cathode ray tube) monitor.l LCD (liquid crystal
41、 display) monitor.l E-books, also named as e-book readers.l Data projectors are widely used in multimedia class.l 阴极射线管显示器。l 液晶显示显示器。电子书籍，也被称为电子图书器读数器。l 数字投影仪被广泛地应用在多媒体教室中。And there are many kinds of printers:l Old type dot matrix printers.l Laser printer.l Ink jet printer. And a photo printer may b
42、e easily for your using at home.l Chain printer and plotter printer are used in industrial designing. 打印机也有许多类型：l 老式的点阵打印机。l 激光打印机。l 喷墨打印机。以及容易使用的家用的照片打印机。l 链式打印机和制图打印机在工业设计中使用。There still a lot of output devices:l Hi-fi speakers.l Headphone. l Fax machine. l Video Internet telephone. These devices
43、are connected to a sound card in the system unit.此外还有许多输出设备：l 高保真扬声器。l 头戴式耳机与麦克风（耳麦）。l 传真机。l 互联网视频电话。该设备被连接到系统的声卡上。Task-4 Structure of Computer: A typical computer system can be approximately divided into four function blocks like bellow: 任务4计算机构成一个典型的计算机系统能够被大致地分为如下四个功能块：Inside the computer system
44、there are CPU，memory (RAM & ROM)，diskette drivers，and power supply在计算机系统中有CPU、内存（RAM 和 ROM）、磁盘驱动器、和电源。CPU is the contro1 and data processing center of the whole computer systemYou can simply regard it as a skill cook, the only difference is just that the cook processing meat and vegetable, makes the
45、m become delicious dishes. Here meat and vegetable is the input for the cooker, and some dishes certainly are the output from the cook. Now turn back to our CPU, it can process the digital data from an input device, and output them to an output devices. And at the same time, the CPU controls the dat
46、a flow on the inner Bus (总线), there are three kinds Buses used in our computer: CPU是整个计算机系统控制和数据处理的中心。您可以简单地将其认为是一个熟练的厨师，不同之处只不过是厨师加工输入给他的肉类和蔬菜，把这些变成美味的菜肴。这里肉类和蔬菜是为厨师而输入的，而这些菜肴当然是从厨师那里输出的。现在回到我们的CPU，它可以处理从输入设备来的数字数据，将其输出到某输出设备。同时CPU控制着在内部总线上的数据流动，在计算机中有三种总线：l AB, the short form of address bus.l DB,
47、the short form of data bus.l CB, the short form of control bus.The most popular Bus to be used on a motherboard may be a PCI bus. That is peripheral components interface bus. l AB,地址总线的缩略形式。l DB,数据总线的缩略形式。l CB,控制总线的缩略形式。在主板上面最流行的总线或许是PCI总线。这就是外围设备元件接口总线。 Just like the excellent cook(厨师) we mentioned before, he must need a number of blank plates around him, which stored meats