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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载阅读表达解题策略【考纲呈现】该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读猎取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力；比传统的阅读懂得题型更具综合性和主观性,更能表达对考生的 综合语言运用才能的考查；【真题评析】（天津卷）第一节 :阅读表达（共 5 小题 ;每道题 2 分,满分 10 分）阅读下面短文 ,并依据题目要求用英语回答疑题 . Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车） .
2、They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will knowor even think to ask who it was that invented them. Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging （吃力地携带）had to
3、carry. groceries around in baskets they One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business. On June 4, 1937, Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was t
4、erribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldnt wait to see them using his invention.But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try. After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent us
5、ing his carts. “this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket.” one shopper replied.But Gol dman wasn t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and
6、pretend they were shopping. Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony （假冒的）customers. As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people comethose who came bought more. With larger, easier-to
7、-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before. Today s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldmans original model. Perhaps thatAmericans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937 before the coming of the sh
8、opping cart. 1. The underlined words “-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to _.（No more than 3 words ）【答案】shopping carts 【解析】词义推测题；由上句-a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart （购物手推车）可以得出谈的是 .购物手推车；2. What was the purpose of Goldmans invention. （No more than 10 words ）【答案】 It was to ma
9、ke shopping easier and attract more business. 【解析】细节懂得表达； 由二段的 Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带）groceries和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载3. Why was Goldman disappointed at first. （No more than 10 words ）【答案】 Because few customers used h
10、is carts. 【解析】细节懂得表达；由第五段可知；4. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market. 【答案】Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts. （No more than 10 words ）【解析】细节推理表达题；由第七段关键词-persuade people to give them a try.可知；5. What do you think of Goldman. Please give your reasons. （No more than
11、20 words ）【答案】 He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers. Or: He was smart but he shouldnt have used tricks to attract customers.【解析】主旨大意表达题；通读全文把握大意,本文主要介绍【专题分析】Goldman 和他的购物手推车；此题型与阅读懂得相比,既有相同点也存在着区分；其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读才能的考查,考生需对文章有较好的懂得；区分主要表现在以下三个方面：
12、1. 阅读懂得题目的题型是客观的,而阅读表达的题型就是主观的,这不仅需要考生将文章懂得,仍需要将自己对文章的懂得通过自己的语言表达出来,而且要受到字数的限制；这就是说阅读理解只是要求同学将文章及题目中的信息懂得了,就能作对题目, 而阅读表达不仅要求同学懂得文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来,是一种信息的输出；2. 阅读懂得的文章难度较大,片幅较长,生词较多；阅读表达的文章较为简洁,生词少；3. 在于阅读懂得中的题型是挑选题,问题类型及所考查的方式差别很大,所供挑选的答案只有 哪一项正确的；但在阅读表达中,题型和题目的设置是比较固定的,包括：主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、
13、封闭性问题、开放性问题（个人观点描述）往往是不唯独的；这七种类型在题目设置上的考查如下：问题类型 常见问题 主旨概括 Whats the best title of the passage.、其他类型 等七种类型,答案What is the purpose of the writers writing this passage.Whats the main idea of the passage/article.填空 Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.
14、 翻译句子 Translate the underlined sentence in the paragraph into Chinese.同意句替换 Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one. 封闭性问题 Regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage. 开放性问题 What would you do if you .What other suggestions would you give. How
15、would you settle the problem if you .其他类型每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类,问题的次序也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出现的次序进行排列；其他类型的题目属于不确定题型,是依据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的与以上六种题型不同的问题类型；仍有就是为了掌握考生在该试题上所花费的时间,在每一个需名师归纳总结 第 2 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 要考生回答的学习必备欢迎下载；问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）【专题技巧】1、主旨概括：这类问题要求考生归纳文章的要点,明白题目,
16、速读全文,明白大意和主题,概括中心思想, 考查考生对文章内容的整体把握才能；要想答好该题, 考生必需有很强的概括才能或归纳才能,标题要简洁 ,要善于查找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句,剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所用的论据,即要分清主旨和细节,概括出来的中心愿思肯定要能够掩盖全文或整个段落,肯定不行太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全,可以抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最终的结论,特别要留意文章的首段的首末句,这里往往是文章的主旨所在；文中标题格式可以是完整的句子,简洁的短语, 也可以用问题的形式,同时要留意字数要求；具体的表达可以先依据文章内容找出关键词,其中主要看题目的第 2、3、5 小题,抓住重点考查
17、信息,再在此基础上搜寻关键词、主题句,捕获时空、次序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,确定文章标题或者文章的 main idea,把握语篇实质；2、同意句替换：这种题型在英语中也常说被成“paraphrase；此类型比较简洁,只要对句子的意义进行正确的懂得,弄透所给句子的意思,然后依据语句中的关键词,快速找出在文中相对应的意义相同的句子即可；另外仍应留意这种替换中数字表达形式的变化,与主动句与被动句的边化；需要留意的是：考生在文章中精确找到原句后要将其完整的誊写在答题纸所给定的位置上,切不行只是写上第“ 某某 ” 个句子 （The XX sentence in paragraph XX.
18、）了事,这样是不能得分的！3、填空：回答此类问题时,肯定第一留意弄清晰语境和上下文之间的规律关系,如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等,留意上下文,前后句的联系；然后依据上下文的含义推测出空白处该填句子仍是短语或者单词,再读上下文,看上下文是否通顺,最终确定答案；上下文之间的关系通常有以下几种,这些关系通常通过一些 连词 表示出来：A同位关系（并列关系）标志词：and, also, likewise, similarly, too, either or, neither nor, not but , not onlyin the same way, equally, B递进关系标志词： then
19、; besides; in addition; additionally; what is more; moreover, further, C对比关系（转折关系）标志词： but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, in any case, unfortunately, while, on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, conversely, on the other hand, D因果关系标志词： because, since, as, for; now th
20、at, so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result, E让步关系标志词： although; though; even though; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; F时间关系标志词： when, while, as, after, be fore, since, until, as soon as, once, G条件关系标志词： if, suppose（that）, supposing（that）, unless, in case, so（a
21、s）long as, so far, on condition（that）, provided（that）, providing （that）,without, I. 表示目的（意图）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载标志词： to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order t hat, lest, for fear that, as, H说明与被说明关系标志词： is, that is, that is to say, means, the meanin
22、g is（that） , 4、翻译句子： 此题主要考查考生懂得英语语句的基本才能,是对同学综合语言学问懂得和运用的考察, 而且需要将其转译成汉语,因此又是对汉语表达水平的一种检测；在该类题目中要求翻译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子；因此,翻译时肯定要先分析句子结构,找准句子的主干成分,然后确定一些附属的部分,如定语,状语、插入语等等,并结合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境,同时仍要留意英、汉两种语言及其问题特点的差异,最终在忠实于原文的基础上,可以适当应用增词、减词、词性转化、语序转化等技巧把英语中的从句（定语从句及名词性从句）和较长的短语往往单独翻译,从而把画线部
23、分的长句翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子；5、封闭性问题： 封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯独的问题,一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据； 每篇文章的作者会运用事实、分析缘由或对比事物间的关系等加以论证自己的观点,此题型就是结合文中某个问题进行解答,第一要认真地看懂问题,明确问题问的是什么,然后依据题意进行寻读,找到文中的重要事实或细节,常与 what, when, where, who, which, why 等有关；常见题的提问方式： What cause .？ What does the writer really mean by saying Why does the author menti
24、on .What are the reasons why .Which is the result of .Where in the passage does the author describe6、开放性问题：是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题,解答比较简洁,要依据文章供应的线索,调动自己所学的综合英语学问,结合个人的观点、体会挑选较简洁回答的点回答相关问题；这类题会有字数要求,回答必需完整,即怎么问,怎么答；如：要回答“ which is the ,不要只是说“ The first/ second one. ”要把句子写完整；回答“ why”的问题时最好用上“ because”；常见题的提问方
25、式： What would you do if you were？ What other suggestions would you give. How would you settle the problem if you were .6 种类型以外的类型的题,比如7、其他类型： 该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上设计图表题, 推理判定题等, 问题的次序也会结合问题所问的信息点在文章中显现的次序进行排列；仍有, 答题字数要求 （Please answer within 10/15/20 words ）：一般情形下,考生回答疑题所书写的英文会限制在50 个以下（句子替代和句子翻译除外）
26、,以掌握考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求；新课程标准提高了对高中生英语阅读及写作才能的要求,但在学习过程中存在的一些不利因素仍制约着同学这些才能的提高,要提高同学阅读表达才能,第一要克服影响做阅读表达题的不利因素；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载并在老师的解答阅读题的关键是弄清晰其考查的目的、问题的类型和把握肯定的答题技巧,指导下进行肯定量的针对性训练；书写的训练；特别要留意的是平常肯定要留意英语书面表达才能的提高以及8、要保持书写清晰,工整；卷面
27、洁净、洁净；给阅卷老师留下一个好印象；【专题训练】（一）当今社会 “感恩 ”话题盛行, 总有一些有关感恩的人和事会让我们摸索良久；这篇阅读表达题会给 我们一些很好的启示,让我们有深深的感悟；Our little boy came up to his mother in the kitchen one evening while she was fixing supper,and handed her a piece of paper that he had been writing on. After his mom dried her hands on an apron,she read i
28、t,and this is what it said ：For cutting the grass $5. 00For cleaning up my room this week $1. 00For going to the store for you $0. 50 Babysitting my kid brother while you went shopping $0. 25 Taking out the garbage $1. 00 For getting a good report card $5. 00 For cleaning up and raking the yard $2.
29、00 Total owed: $14. 75 ll tell you,his mother looked at him standing there expectantly,and boy ,could I see the Well , I memories flashing through her mind. So she picked up the pen ,turned over the paper hed written on and this is what she wrote ：For the nine months I carried you while you were gro
30、wing inside me,No Charge. For all the nights that Ive sat up with you, doctored and prayed for you ,No Charge. For all the trying times ,and all the tears that youve caused through the years s No Charge. For all the nights that were filled with dread, and for the worries I knew were ahead ,No Charge
31、 For the toys,food,clothes,and even wiping your nose ,there s No Charge,Son. When you_ ,the cost of my love is No Charge. Well ,friends,when our son finished reading what his mother had written ,there were great big old tears in his eyes,and he looked straight up at his mother and said ：“Mom,I sure
32、do love you. ”And then he took the pen and in great big letters he wrote ：“PAID IN FULL”. 1. What s the best title of the passage.2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one. Although you have brought me hard times and many tears in these years, you neednt pa3. Pl
33、ease fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. （within ten words）4. What do you learn after reading the passage. （within 30 words ）5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载（二）“ 假
34、如你信念坚决,你只需要坚信所发生每一个结果都对你有利；或许过一段时间之后,你就会明白了 ”；信任这样主题的阅读表达文章能够让同学受益匪浅；Two traveling angels stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the mansions guest room. Instwere given a small space in the cold basement. As they made the
35、ir bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked why, the older angel replied, “Things arent always what they seem.”The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, but very hospitable farmer and his wife. After sharing w
36、hat little food they had the couple let the angels sleep in their bed where they could have a good nights rest. When the sun came up the next morning the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, whose milk had been their sole income, lay dead in the field. The younger angel was
37、 infuriated and asked the older angel how could you have let this happen. The first man had everything, yet you helped him, she accused. The second family had little but _, and you let the cow die. “Things arent always what they seem,” the older angel replied. “When we stayed in the basement of the
38、mansion, I noticed there was gold stored in that hole in the wall. Since the owner was so obsessed with greed and unwilling to share his good fortune, I sealed the wall so he wouldnt find it. ”“Then last night as we slept in the farmers bed, the angel of death came for his wife. I gave him the cow i
39、nstead. Things arent always what they seem. ”Sometimes that is exactly what happens when things dont turn out the way they should. If you have faith, you just need to trust that every outcome is always to your advantage. You just might not know it until sometime later. 1. What s the best title of th
40、e passage.2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one. The couple shared their little food with the two angels and then spared their bed for the two angels to rest for a good night willingly. 3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases
41、to complete the sentence. （within ten words）4. Do you think life is equal for the two families. And why. 5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （within 30 words ）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载（三）“ 年轻时就要学会省钱,这是重要的一课；全部好的习惯都开头于年青时代. . . 对于新时代的青年人, 如何面对理财
42、, 如何学会理财是值得我们深思的问题；们以启发 . . . . 这篇阅读表达题会从某些方面给我Learning to save money when youre young is an important lesson. All good lessons arid habits begin early, and saving is a skill that everyone needs. Many people sense of saving for the long run. adults included do not have a good I have been lucky to le
43、arn this lesson early because I have had a grass-cutting business since I was 10 years old. Of the money I make I spend about 10 percent and save the other 90. Making sure you save and dont spend too much is a good way to build up wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all
44、 the money they earn so it never has a chance to grow. Young people should realize that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving. At high school many parents pay for almost everything, so your expenses can be small. If you have a lob, you should have fun with some of the money. But you s
45、hould also save some so that it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend money, you not only lose that money, but also lose the interest you could have earned by saving it. After high school, college is expensive and then real life begins, with expenses such as food and
46、 rent. If you can hold onto a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen, going to college and buying a house will be much easier. _, the more time the money has to grow. If you are in your thirties without any savings, you will always have to struggle. The earlier you begin saving, the easier it is to cre