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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载20XX年高考英语其次轮热点专题复习动词和动词词组概述动词和动词词组的考查是单项填空的重中之重,就 20XX 年高考而言,各省、市试卷涉及动词与动词词组的考题大都占到 69 题之多；主要涉及的考点有：常见动词及动词近义词辨析；及物动词常被误为不及物动词；特定语境中常见动词的基本用法和辨析,如：掩盖涉及等；拼写形式不同而简洁混淆的动词有：lielied, lied 说慌； lielay, lain 平卧等；develop 进展冲洗； meet 见面满意； cover hanghanged 绞死, hung 悬挂 ；laylaid
2、, laid 放置；其中,常见动词及动词近义词辨析是高考动词类的热点问题；热点 1 几个常见的谓语动词 常见动词及其搭配是动词类的热点,特别值得留意；以下归纳几个常见动词,其目的就是要让考生在 平常的学习过程中学会不断积存和总结；1.关于 make （1） make 当“ 做、制造” 解时,可跟双宾语,间接宾语用 for 引导；如：He ll make me a kite.=He ll make a kite for me. 他将给我制作一个风筝；（2） make 通常与一些表示动作的名词连用；如： make a study/trip/promise/movement/statement/di
3、ve/request/change/fire/demand/ speech/report/face/plan/success/living/difference make an explanation/experiment/excuse/effect/apology to sb make preparations/progress/room for sb make ones way/bread tea coffee/up ones mind/no answer 3make 作使役动词时 ,表示 “使 做某事、使 成为“ ,可跟复合结构,其中的宾补可以是：形容词： They are trying
4、 to make our country beautiful.他们在努力使我们的国家变得美丽；名词： I would make you king over the earth. 我会使你灰飞烟灭地球之王；过去分词： What made him so frightened. 什么使他如此可怕？省去 to 的不定式： The boy made faces just to make the other students laugh. 这个男孩做鬼脸只是为了使 其他孩子发笑；留意： make 在被动语态中肯定要接带 to 的不定式；如：No one is ever made to be hero.没有
5、天生的英雄；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载典例 1The regulations were made_ children after the accidents. A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. to be protected 解析 B 在句中由于 make 用的是被动语态,故其后肯定要接带 to 的不定式,作主语补足语；构成： make it +adj. +to do sth./that-clause 使（做）某事成为 ；典例 2The m
6、anager, _it clear to us that he didn t agree with us ,left the meeting room.2005 江西卷 A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making 解析 B 关于 make 用法的考查； 依据句子结构分析可以判定,主句为：The manager left the meeting room.,中间的部分为分词短语作状语,且动作发生在主句B；left 动作之前,而又并非现在完成时,故排除A；现在分词的完成式先于主句的谓语动词而发生,应选（4） make 作“ 制造、组成” 时构成
7、的词组,常使用被动语态；成品 +be made of + 原料（看得出原料）成品 +be made from+ 原料（难看或看不出原料）原料 +be made into+ 成品 成品 +be made by+执行者 制造者 成品 +be made in+地点 物体 组织 +be made up of + 如干成份 典例 3 The old cottage can be_ temporary 临时的 houses. A. made into B. made of C. made by D. made in 解析 A 此句句意为：这栋旧别墅可以改装成临时住宅；被动词组（5） make 构成的两个常
8、用词组：be made into 符合句意；make upfor 补偿,虚构,缝制,化妆,整理等；如：make up jokes 编笑话； make up a poem/a story/a song 编诗歌 /故事 /歌曲；再如：They hurried on to make up for lost time. 他们加速进行以补回失去的时间；The boy made up a story; it was not true. 男孩儿编了个故事,这故事不是真的；She made up her face to look prettier. 她化了妆以便看上去更美丽些；名师归纳总结 - - - - -
9、 - -第 2 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载典例 4Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _jokes.2005 江苏卷 A. turning up B. putting up put up 举起,抬起,进行；show up 揭露,露出,C. making up D. showing up 解析 C 动词搭配与辨析；turn up 找到,发觉,显现；露面；而 make up jokes 为“ 编笑话” ,与句意吻合；make full/g
10、ood/the best use of 充分利用；如：We must make the best use of the fine weather.我们必需充分利用这好天气；Lets make use of this opportunity to practice our spoken English. 让我们好好地利用这个机会来练习英语口 语；2.关于 consider （1）作“ 考虑” 讲时,可跟名词/代词 /从句或跟连接代词/副词 +to do 或跟动名词连用；如：Have you considered how to get there. 你考虑过如何去那里了吗？He considere
11、d going to see them in prison. 他考虑去监狱探试他们；（2）作“ 认为 , 把 当作”讲时, consider+宾语 +宾补, 作宾补的可以是名词/形容词 /不定式（不定式完成式） ；如：I consider him to be a fool. 我把他当作一个傻子看待；（3）留意结构： consider it + n/ adj. + to do sth. I consider it necessary to study English. 我认为学英语很有必要；（4） consider as 表示“ 把（某人或某物）看作 ”；如：Most people consid
12、ered him as a hero.多数人把他看成一个英雄；典例 5 Many things_ impossible in the past are common today. A. considering B. to consider C. considered D. being considered 解析 C 动词 consider 的非谓语考查形式； 剖析其结构： Many things are common today. 为主句；considered 是过去分词短语作定语修饰many things, impossible 在被动语态中为主语补足语；适用于“consider+宾语 +宾
13、补” 结构；应选C 3.关于 keep （1） keep 用作及物动词,表示“ 使 连续处于某种状态”,其后的宾补可以是：名师归纳总结 现在分词如： Don t keep your mother waiting. 别让你母亲再等；第 3 页,共 17 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载过去分词 如： His clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him covered. 他的衣服像是刚刚拖起来披盖在自己身上的；副词 如： This helps to keep the cold out
14、. 这有助于御寒；介词短语 如： He kept them in the classroom after school. 放学后,他让他们呆在教室里；形容词 如： The nurses keep her very clean.护士们将她整理得特别整法；2keep 作系动词,意为“ 保持、连续处于某种状态”3keep doing 与 keep on doing ；如： keep silent/quiet/cool/fit 表示“ 决心、毅力、坚强意志力和强调动作的反复” 时,多用 keep on doing ；如： Don t give up hope, keep on trying. 别舍弃期
15、望,要不断努力；表示连续状态常用 keep doing ；如：We ve kept hoping to go to college. 我们始终期望上高校；keep/keep on 一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用；如：常不用keeponstanding/sitting/beginning/leaving ；典例 6Keep _after meals, then you ll be in good health. A. walking B. sleeping C. standing D. sitting 解析 A keep doing 的特殊用法；此种结构一般都不能与表示短暂
16、性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用；而 sleeping ,standing, sitting 都是表示短暂性动作的动词；应选 A；（4）其它搭配keep back 阻挡,落在后面 keep out of 使 在外,不让 入内 keep away 不接近,躲开 keep from 阻挡,抑制,防止于 keep off 让开,不接近keep up 坚持,连续,保持, （斗争）不低落 keep up with 跟上,赶上,不落后于 keep in touch with 与 保持联络 典例 7We read the newspaper every day to _the present affairs
17、. 名师归纳总结 A. keep up B. keep up with keep up 坚持； keep up withC. catch up with D. keep in touch with 解析 B keep 词组考查题；依据句意：我们每天读报是为了跟上当前形势；第 4 页,共 17 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载跟上,赶上； catch up with 赶上,逮捕； keep in touch with 与 保持联络；只有 B 项与句意吻合；4.关于 go （1） go 的过去分词形式gone 多用作表语,意为“（人）
18、不在了、走了”,“ （物）丢了、用完了”,如：The necklace was gone.这条项链丢了；Liu Mei is already gone. 刘梅已经走了；比较： He is already gone.强调无目的 He has gone.强调有目的、方向 （2） go 有“ 说的” 之意；常用于“the story goes 据说； as the saying goes正如格言所说”；如：As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way. ”正如格言所说, “ 有志者,事竟成”；典例 8As a Chinese o
19、ld saying_, “Good fortune lies within bad, bad fortune lies within good.”A. goes B. say C. is said D. is written 解析 A 与本词条中的含义吻合即用在谚语前表示“ 说的、叫做”；（3） go 为终止性动词,不与表示时间段的状语连用；（见时态和语态专题）（4） go to 常与 go to attend 意义相同,多与一些表示活动的名词连用；如：go to college/a meeting/an English party/a concert/a dance/a film/a lec
20、ture/a dinner 等；（5）留意区分：go on doing sth. 连续做同一个动作go on to do sth.做完一个接着干另一个go on with sth. 同一大事中断后又接着做He went on speaking of his war experiences. 他连续说着他的战争经受；比较 He went on to speak of his war experiences.=He began speaking of them after he had finished speaking of something else. 他做完了别的之后,又连续说他的战争经受
21、；They went on with their work at the empty loom until late into the night. 直至深夜；6其它搭配 go to rest/sleep/bed 休息 /睡觉 go out for a walk/ride/swim/bath/drive 外出漫步 /骑车 /游泳 /洗澡 /兜风他们在一张空织布机上不停地工作go shopping/fishing/shooting/swimming/walking 购物 /钓鱼 /射击 /游泳 /漫步go about 着手做,从事go ahead 前进,进行名师归纳总结 - - - - - -
22、-第 5 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载go all out for sth./to do sth. 全力以赴 go in for sth. 从事于,热爱,参与 go over 认真检查,润色（文稿） ,复习 go through 经受,经受 go up 上涨 5.关于 agree （1） agree 一般用作不及物动词,因此,其后不能直接带宾语；如其后跟从句,就可作及物动词；可 跟不定式,但不跟不定式的复合结构；（2）区分：表示“ 同意某人的看法”；常说： agree with sb./what sb says；表示“ 适合、合适”；如：
23、agree with This climate doesn t agree with me. 这里的气候不适合我；表示“ 一样、和谐”；如：The verb must agree with its subject in person and number. 动词必需与人称和数保持一 致；agree to 表示“ 同意（某人的建议、支配、方案）” ；常可说：agree to a plan/an arrange ment/a proposal/a decision. agree on /upon 表示“ 对 取得一样看法”；如：They both agreed on the plan,他们两个都同
24、意这个方案；典例 9 I don t _people smoking all day long. A. agree B. agree to C. agree on D. agree with 解析 B 考查动词 agree 及词组辨析； agree 为不及物动词,不带宾语；agree on/upon 表示“ 对 取得一样看法” ； agree with 表示“ 同意某人的看法”；agree to 表示“ 同意（某人的建议、支配、方案）” ,符合句意；热点 2 常见动词近义词辨析 常见动词近义词很多,有必要把握以下常见词类：1.关于 win, defeat, beat 和 gain 1win 作
25、“ 赢”讲时, 其宾语常是： war, battle, game, match, argument, a victory, the prize,100 yuan, a race, honor for, the praise, the first place 等,而不能是表示人的名词；名师归纳总结 2 beat 及物动词,后面的宾语是“ 对手”,表示结果；如：第 6 页,共 17 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载beat sb. in 在竞赛、战役、争辩中击败某人；beat him at table tennis 在乒乓球赛中击败他
26、3defeat sb.在战役、战争、竞赛中击败对手；强调临时行为；如：defeat the enemy in the war 在战争中击败敌人4gain 及物动词,表示“ 获得、赢得所需之物/利益或好处”；如：rank/the prize/one s gain experience/wealth/a reputation/the time/the marks/the respect/success/knowledge/one s living/happiness/a salary/an honor ；典例 1Our basketball team_ theirs by a score of 1
27、00:98. A. won B. defeat C. beat D. gained 解析 C 近义词辨析题； 依据 win 不和 theirstheir teams搭配； defeat 与 sb.连接； gain 常有“ 获得 ”,也不与 theirs 搭配；只有 beat 与“ （击败的）对手” 搭配,强调结果,应选 C；2.关于 fit, suit 和 match 1fit 作及物动词,表示“ 适合、配上、合身”；如：This coat fits her nicely. 这件外套特别合适；The key doesn t fit the lock, 这把钥匙不合这把锁；（2）作形容词,表示“
28、 适合、健康”常构成be fit for ；如：He is fit for the job, 他适合这份工作；The water is fit to drink. 这水适合喝；（3）作不及物动词,表示“ 吻合、合身”；如：Does the coat fit. 这件外套合身吗？（4） suit 作适合,常强调颜色、款式等适合某人,而fit 就强调大小合身；如：That color doesn t suit your complexion 肤色 ；这颜色不适合你的肤色；（5） match 表示“ 在（品质、颜色、设计等方面）与 相配”；如：Carpets should match the curt
29、ains.地毯必需与窗帘区配；典例 2The red tie you bought doesn t _my coat. A. fit B. fit for C. suit D. match 解析 D 近义词辨析题目；fit 作及物动词,表示大小合身；作不及物动词,强调“ 吻合”；作形容词,就须用 be fit for; suit 强调“ 款式合适”,只有 match 强调“ 与 匹配”；应选 D；3.关于 cost, spend, take 和 pay 名师归纳总结 1从意义上讲,都可表示“ 花钱”；如：“ 我花 10 元钱买衬衣”；这一句话可有四种翻译：第 7 页,共 17 页- - - -
30、 - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载The shirt cost me ten yuan. I spent ten yuan on the shirt. It took me ten yuan to buy the shirt. I paid ten yuan for the shirt. 2结构搭配上的不同 spend 的主语只能是人；常用结构： sb. +spends+time/money on sth./in doing sth. cost 的主语只能是指事或物的名词、代词或名词性短语；常用结构： sth. +costs+ sb. +time/
31、money take 的主语多为指物的名词；常用结构： It + takes +time/ money +to do sth. pay 的主语是人,为买某物而付钱；常用结构： sb. +pays+ money +for sth. 典例 3 I _the coat in the supermarket for 260yuan. A. cost B. paid C. pent D. bought 解析 D 近义词辨析题； 用 cost,就主谓搭配不当； 用 pay,就 260 yuan 作宾语；用 spend,就与 for 260 yuan 搭配不当；应选用 buy,其用法和搭配均与句意吻合；4.
32、关于 hurt, wound, injure 和 harm 1hurt: 表示“ 肉体或情感上的痛楚,强调疼痛感”；如：Many people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided. 一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞,很多人受了伤；（2）wound: 表示“ 由于剑、刀、枪等锐器造成身体上较严峻的外伤,特殊是在战争中受伤”；如： The soldier was wounded in the arm. 这个士兵的胳膊受伤了；（3） injure: 表示“ 指意外事故或偶发大事造成的损害”；如：There were two people injured in
33、 the car accident. 有两个人在车祸中受了伤；如：Our dog won t （4）harm: 表示“ 引起疼痛、 痛楚或缺失, 其对象可以是自己, 也可以是其他人或物”harm you.我们的狗不会损害你的；Getting up early won t harm you. 早起对你没有坏处；典例 4There was an unexpected explosion in our street, but our building wasn t_ at all . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A
34、. hurt B. wounded 学习必备欢迎下载C. harmed D. injured 解析 C 近义词辨析题目；hurt 强调“ 精神或肉体上的疼痛”；wound 强调“ 刀、枪伤”；harm 强调“ 危害、缺失” ；injure 强调“ 意外损害”；名意为：我们住的街道发生了一次意外的爆炸事故,但我们的大楼却丝毫没有受损；故用 harmed 合句意；重点 1 两种常错常考的可作谓语的动词1.几组拼写形式不同而简洁混淆的动词hang hanged hanged绞死 lay laid laid 放置 hang hung hung悬挂 lie lied lied 说慌 lie lay la
35、in 平卧 find found found 发觉 fall fell fallen 跌倒 found founded founded 建立 fell felled felled 砍伐、击倒 fail failed failed （失败）典例 1 The carpet where he _was warm and comfortable, so he slept soundly. A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D.了 had lied 解析 B 易混淆词辨析题；动词 lay 表示“ 搁置、放” 时,现在分词为 laying, 过去分词为 laid
36、；而 lie 作“ 躺” 讲时,现在分词为 lying, 过去分词为 lain,如其过去分词为 lied, 就含义为 “ 撒谎” ；此处为“ 躺的地方”,故用 was lying ；2.实为及物动词却常被误为不及物动词enter误为 enter into marry 误为 marry with reach误为 reach to mention 误为 mention about serve误为 serve for address误为 address to approach误为 approach with salute误为 salute to fit 误为 fit for benefit 误为 b
37、enefit to 典例 2She _John to get away from her step-mother. A. married B. married with C. married to D. was married 解析 A 此句中的 marry 表示“ 嫁给”重点 2 五种基本句型中的动词使用,为及物动词,可直接带宾语；简洁句的五种基本句型,通常与及物动词、不及物动词和系动词密不行分；1.主语 +不及物动词名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载懂得不及物动词在此句型中的常用法：（1）一般
38、表达型；此类不及物动词常可与表示距离、连续时间、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用；如：Boy, can you go any farther. Boy, can you go any farther. 伙计,你仍走得动吗？The smoke from our fire rose straight up in the still air. 我们生的火冒出的烟在无风的空气中袅袅上升；（2）主动形式表示被动含义型；此类常见的动词或短语有：read, sell wash, write, open, draw, wear, happen, take place, break out ,last ,go ou
39、t ,run out ,cost, spread 等；如：The tickets to the play sold well ；那台戏的戏票很畅销；The accident happened outside my house.这个事故发生在我家房子的外面；典例 1Food and drink are _,but the men are still cheerful and confident. A. running out B. going out C. spreading D. happening 解析 A 不及物动词的考查；动词 run out 表示“ 被用完” ； go out 表示“
40、出去, 熄灭” ；spread表示“ 传 播” ；happen 表示“ 发生”；依据句意：食物和饮料快用光了,但这些人仍然很开心和自信；2.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 懂得及物动词在此句型中带宾语的用法：1及物动词 +名词或代词作宾语；如：He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶；Will you be spending your holiday abroad this year. 你今年预备到国外去度假吗？2及物动词 +动名词作宾语；此类及物动词或动词短语有：avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice,
41、imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off ,insist on ,give up, can t help, stick to 等；如：I suggested taking a walk. 我建议去漫步；You must not give up studying. 你不该舍弃学习；3及物动词 +不定式作宾语； 此类及物动词有： afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn, offer, plan, refus
42、e 等；如：I hope to go to college. 我期望上高校；The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. 公司无法支付如此巨额的工资；（4）既可接动名词又可接动词不定式的动词（见非谓语动词专题之热点）；3.主语 +系动词 +表格名师归纳总结 系动词在此句型中的用法：be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, 第 10 页,共 17 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
43、 - - 学习必备 欢迎下载fall, run, keep 等；（1）系动词 +形容词作表语；如：That argument sounds reasonable,那个观点听起来有道理；（2）系动词 +名词作表语；如：Later he became an acrobat.他后来成为一名杂技演员；（3）系动词 +副词、介词短语或反身代词作表语；如：He is near,他在邻近；典例 2The cooking chicken in the pot _very good. A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes 解析 A 系动词考查题； 依据 The cooki
44、ng chicken 正在煮的的鸡肉, 推断出 “ 闻起来很香”,故用 smell；其它 feel 感觉起来； sound 听起来； taste 尝起来,均不合题意；4.主语 +及物动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语（1）用 to 变换间接宾语的动词： bring, give, hand, offer, show, teach, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, return, tell, allow, lend 等；如：Could you bring me the book. 或 Could you bring the book to me . 请你把那本书带给我好吗？（2）用 for 变换间接宾语的动词make,buy,choose,cook,find,get,order,paint,sing, spare,fetch 等；如：He bought me a bottle