2022年英语四级翻译考点总结.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载英语比较结构详细考点：一：原级比较一般用 the same as ; as as ; not as as ; 特别结构A is to B what / as X is Y ; A+倍数或几分之几as + adj. / adv. + as +B. 难 点 结 构 ： as+adj.+n.+as 分 句和as much/many + 名词 + as 分句 The work is not as difficult as you think. Air is to us as/what water is to fish. 我们与 空气的

2、关系就像鱼和水的关系；This book is twice as thick as that one. George is as efficient worker as Jack. = George is a workerwho is as efficient as Jack. I don t want as expensive a car as this = I don t want a car as expensive as this I can t drink as sweet coffee as this=I cantdrink coffee as sweet as this. He

3、took as much butter as he needed. She has written as many essays as her brother has. 名师归纳总结 二：比较级常用结构A 比较级 than 第 1 页,共 22 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载+ B 特别结构： the more the more 越 越 ； more and more （越来越）This question is less difficult than that that question. 比较对象为彼此独立的人或事物 Iron

4、 is more useful than any other metal. 比较对象具有所属关系, 含有最高级含义 The city is becoming more and more beautiful. 三：以拉丁文 -ior 结尾的含有比较意义的形 容词后接 to 而不是 than. 这些词是：superior, inferior , senior , junior , major , minor He is three years senior to me. This type of computer is superior to that type. 四：最高级用于三者以上的事物之间

5、的比较,所以比较的范畴自然是少不了；一般表示地方用介词in; 表示所属关系和人物比较用介词 of. 即 the +最高级 in /of The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, but it is the third longest river in the 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载world. The youngest member of the family is most successful. Of all forms of

6、 energy, electricity is most widely used. 五：在more than 结构中,than 有时可看作关系代词,相当于than whatThere are more wonders in heaven and earth than are dreamt of. than=than what 天地间的奇迹比人们所理想的要多得多；The medicine is more effective than is expected. 六：英语中有一小部分表示确定意义的形容词没有比较级和最高级；如：dead, deaf, empty, total, whole, perf

7、ect, complete, right, wrong, equal, daily false, final absolute, alone, round, pregnant, square, supreme, unique, straight, eternal, unanimous 名师归纳总结 七：几组由“ more than ；more than” 和第 3 页,共 22 页“no / not 比较级 ” 等构成的惯用句式及- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载其义；more than 其含义为 : “不仅是,特别,十分” 等, 用

8、法和意义较多；more than 其含义可以是 不如说,不是 而是 ”: “ 与其说 What we are doing today is more than donating some money. 今日我们所做的不只是捐一些钱；Their action was more than justified. 他们 的行动是完全有理由的；He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋；The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar. 这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书,不如说是一本词典；no more than 强调少,意

9、为 “ 只有,不过,仅仅 ”not more than 客观表达,意为 “ 不超过 ” He has no more than five dollars on him. 他 身上仅有 5 美元；（强调少）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载He has not more than five dollars on him. 他身上带的钱不超过仅有 少于 5 美元）5 美元；（强调数额no more than含有消极否定的意思, 可译 为“ A与 B 都不 ,不 也不 ”not more than 含有

10、积极、确定的意思,表示程度上的差异；He is no more diligent than you. 他不勤奋,你也不勤奋；（两人都不勤奋）He is not more diligent than you.他没有像 你那样勤奋；（两人都勤奋,但你更勤奋）no less than = as much as 意为： “ 竟有 之 多,多达 ” 强调多not less than 意为 “ 不少于,至少 ” ,可观地 描述no less than 前后均为确定,含有诧异的 感情颜色； 可译为：“ 是 是, 正是, 和 一样 , 多达,应有 之多 ”His son has read no less th

11、an 50 English books. 他的儿子竟然读了50 本英文书；（强名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载调多）His son has read not less than 50 English books. 他的儿子读了不少于（不强调多或少）50 本英文书；The middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister. 这位中年人正是新 来的部长；Her voice is no less sweet than it used

12、to be. 她的歌声和以前一样甜蜜；补充： not so much as It wasn t so much his appearance I liked as his personality. It wasn t so much that I disliked her as that I just wasn t interested. 1. rather than 与 would 连用时,构成“ would rather.than.句式,意思是“ 宁愿 而不愿 ” ,表示主观愿望,即在两者之中挑选其一；例如：die than lose the children. 愿失去孩子们；Shed r

13、ather 她宁愿死也不名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. rather than 学习必备欢迎下载连用时,表示客不与 would观事实,意为 “ 是 而不是 ；与其 不如 ” ；它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语 、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等； He is an explorer rather than a sailor. She enjoys singing rather than dancing 3.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁“愿做 .

14、而不做 . ” I prefer to watch TV rather than go out. 去；我宁愿呆在家里也不出4.prefer that 从句 “ 宁愿 ”（从句一般用虚 拟语气） I prefer that you should do it. 我宁愿你做这件事；5.Prefer sth. to sth.“宁愿做 .而不做 .” . I prefer tea to milk.我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶；I prefer watching TV to going out. 我宁愿看电视也不出去；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - -

15、 - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载6.prefer to do “ 情愿做 ” ；I prefer to go at once. 我情愿立刻就走；pre fer sb. to do “ 情愿某人做 ” I prefer you to go at once.我倒期望你立刻就走；7.prefer 名词或动名词“ 宁愿 ” ,“ 更喜爱 ” ；He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他是上海人,因此更喜爱吃米饭；I prefer going by bike. 我宁愿骑单车去；I prefer the white one.我喜爱那个白的；倒装结构一、含

16、有否定意义的副词或副词短语引起的 倒装 某些表示否定意义的副词或副词短语 位于句首,表示强调, 句子要求用倒装结构；常见的这类副词或副词短语有：never,seldom , rarely ,no soonerthan,hardlyscarcely barelywhen,no,little,nowhere, not, hardly ,no longer, not until,not onlybut also等等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1、never,rarely ,seldom 位于句首

17、,用于 进行 比较 ,句子要求用倒装结构；例如：Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own power2、no sooner than,hardly scarcely barely when 位于句首, 表示一件事 紧接着另一件事发生,句子要求用倒装结构；例如：Hardly had he opened his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to cleanScarcely had it grown dark when she realized it was t

18、oo late to go home3、在由neither, nor 开头、引导的表示前面所说的情形也适用于另一人（或事物） 的句子中,要求用倒装结构,为否定的附和 ；例如：neither,norThe customer complained that the dining table had not been delivered yet , and neither had the chairsI could not persuade him to accept it,nor could I make him see the importance of it但是,neither 用作主语或主语

19、的一部分时,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载不用倒装结构；例如：Neither of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasingNeither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university was accepted4、含有 not until 的强调句,假如 not until 位于句首,句子要求用倒装

20、结构,假如是主从复合句,倒装结构显现在主句中；例如：1） Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground2）Not until then did he come to realize the seriousness of the situation5、其他表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位 于句首,句子要求用倒装结构；例如：1）Little did we suspect that the district was so rich in mineral resources2）Nowhere has the world e

21、ver seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in this country6、含有 no 、表示否定意义的介词短语位名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载于句首,句子要求用倒装结构；常见的这类介词短语有： at no point（决不）,at no time,by no means , in no case , in no circumstances,in no sense,in no shape,in no way,in no wise, on n

22、o account,on no consideration,under no circumstances,in no time（立刻）,in vain（白费）,not once,still less等等；例如：1 ） We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs2） At no time and in no circumstances should a Communist place his personal interest f

23、irst二、其他副词引起的倒装在以以下副词及连接词开头的句子中,要求用倒装结构； 常见的副词有： only,so,here,there,now,often,then,down,out,in,up,hence,thus,well,off,away,twice,gladly,many a time 等等；1、在由 only 开头的句子中, only 后面紧跟 用作状语的副词、介词或从句,要求用倒装名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载结构；例如：）Only by shouting at the top

24、of his voice was he able to make himself heard）Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests假如 only 在句首,但是 only 后面没有紧 跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句,就不用倒装结构；2、在由so 开头、引导的表示 前面所说的情形也适用于另一人（或事物） 的句子中,要求用倒装结构, so为确定的附和 ；例如：had his brother3、由 there 引起的句子,要求用倒装结构；例如：）The door opened and t

25、here entered a young man in a blue uniform4、由 there 或 now 引起的句子、谓语为 come（go）的句子,要求用倒装结构；例如：）There comes the bus）Now comes your turn5、由 here 引起的句子、谓语为be 的句子,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载要求用倒装结构；例如：）Here are some good newly-published novels） Here is Chinas largest

26、 tropical forest但是, 假如主语是人称代词时,由 here 和 there 引出的句子也不用倒装结构；例 如：）Here we are）Here you are6、由 then 引起的句子、谓语为 come（follow）的句子,要求用倒装结构；例如：）Then come wind,hail and frost）Then came a new difficulty7、由 often 引起的句子,要求用倒装结构；例如：三、虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装1、在含有 were,had, should 的虚拟条件状语中,假如省略了连接词 结构；例如：if,要求用倒装）Were she to

27、leave right now,she 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载would get there on Sunday）Were they to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow ,we should have a wonderful dinner party ）Had he worked harder ,he would have got through the exams2、在表示希望的句子中,往往要求用倒装句；经常将助动词提

28、前或直接将谓语动词置于主语前面,表示希望；例如：）May this book in a small way help to improve your English）Long live friendship！四、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句中的倒装在比较状语从句中,假如主语不是人称代词,经常可以在主语前添加助动词 do（be）代替前面显现过的动词；这时,比较对象放在这个 do（be）后面,形成一种部分倒装的形式；）He always spends more time on that useless matter than do the others）The living stand

29、ard of the people is 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载higher than was the case ten years agoThe more you explain, the more confused I am. 在由 no matter how, however 和 how 引导的方式状语从句中,其后的形容词、副词应随其移至主谓语之前,而形成部分倒装；例如：）However hard he tried ,he still failed in the entranc

30、e exam）No matter how badly they had slept she was always up early五、在由 soadvadj that 和such that 引出的结果状语从句中,要求用倒装 句；例如：） So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed）So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape） So loudly did he speak that even people in the ne

31、xt room could hear him六、为了强调或突出句子的某一部分,往往可以用倒装结构；例如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载）A very capable young man he is） Standing beside the table was an interpreter 七、在感叹的句子中, 往往要求用倒装句；当一个句子包含一个带补语的复合谓语,而补语又被 what 或 how 修饰时,要求用倒装 结构；例如：）What a great project it is ！）Ho

32、w beautiful these hills look with the clouds behind them ！虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：1. should+动词原形的情形 已考 2. if 或 but for 等引导的条件句 已考 3. wish, if only, it is time 的用法should+动词原形的情形1在动词 suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine,

33、 recommend, advise, advocate, persuade 等表示 “ 命令 ” 、“ 建议 ” 、“ 要求 ”动词后的宾语从句中；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载She insisted that the seats should be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位；He advised that the doctor should be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生；注：假如上述动词作其他意思说明,或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实,要用陈述

34、语气；When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director. 真题重现【 CET-4:2006.6 】 The professor required that _ 我 们 交 研 究 报 告；参考答案：reports we hand in our research 2 在 advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggest

35、ion, idea, recommendation, request, plan, 等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中- 上面 情形 1动词对应的名词 He issued the order that the troops should withdraw at once. 他命令部队立刻撤退；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载necessary, 3 在 形 容 词important, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desir

36、able, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible 以及短语 no wonder, a pity 等可以构成 “ It is +形容词（名词）+that ”句型中；It is necessary that some immediate effort should be made. 必需立刻实行行动；真题重现【CET-6:2007.6 】It is absolutely unfair that these children _被剥夺了受训练的权 利. 参 考 答 案 ： These children should be deprived of the r

37、ight to receive education. if 或 but for 等引导的条件句if 引导虚拟条件句的用法条件从句 结果主句名师归纳总结 与现在动词过去式 be动词would+ 动词原第 18 页,共 22 页事实相用 were 形反- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 与过去学习必备欢迎下载have had+过去分词 had would 事实相done done 反与将来一 般 过 去时 /were+wouldshould事实相不 定 式 /should+动+动词原形反词原形He wouldn t feel so cold if he we

38、re indoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了；（与现在事实相反）I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you. 我很愧疚,现在很忙；假如有时间,我确定陪你去看电影了； （与现在事实相反）The conference wouldnsuccessful if we hadnpreparations. 假如我们不做充分的预备,t have been so t made adequate 会议是不会开得这么胜利的；（与过去事实相反）If it snowed

39、/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should would stay at home. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载与将来事实相反but for=if it were not for /if it had not been for l But for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time. 真 题 重 现 【 CET-4:2006.12 】 The victim _原来会有

40、机会活 下来 if he had been taken to hospital in time 参考答案： would have survived 【 CET-6:2007.12 】 But for mobile phone, _. 我们的通讯就不行能如此快速和便利 参考答案： our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient. 【CET-6:2007.1If you had _听从了我的忠告,你 就不会陷入麻烦 . 参考答案： followed my advice/suggestion, you would n

41、ot have been in trouble. It is high, about time 句型要求用虚拟语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载气谓语动词用过去式,指现在或将来的情形,表示 “ 早该干某事而已经有些晚了” ； It time_实行 措施 about the traffic problem downtown. something was done/some measures were taken 动词 wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气与现在事实相反were 或动词的一般过 去式h

42、ad done或与过去事实相反would/could have done 将来没有把握或 不太可能实现的 愿望would/shouldcould, might+动词原形I wish she were here. 她在这里就好 了；I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了；if only 后用虚拟语气（要是现在没有实现的愿望过去没有实现的愿望 就太好了）一般过去式过去完成式If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了；If only I could speak several foreign languages.我要是能讲几种外语就好了！名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页,共 22 页