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1、学习必备欢迎下载英语比较结构具体考点：一：原级比较一般用as as ; not as as ; the same as ; 特殊结构A is to B what / as X is Y ; A+倍数或几分之几as + adj. / adv. + as +B. 难 点 结 构 ： as+adj.+n.+as 分 句和as much/many + 名词 + as 分句The work is not as difficult as you think. Air is to us as/what water is to fish. 我们与空气的关系就像鱼和水的关系。This book is twice
2、 as thick as that one. George is as efficient worker as Jack. = George is a worker(who is) as efficient as Jack. I don t want as expensive a car as this = I don t want a car as expensive as this I can t drink as sweet coffee as this=I cantdrink coffee as sweet as this. He took as much butter as he n
3、eeded. She has written as many essays as her brother( has). 二：比较级常用结构A 比较级 than 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载+ B 特殊结构： the more the more (越越) ； more and more （越来越）This question is less difficult than that that question. (比较对象为彼此独立的人或事物) Iron is more useful than an
4、y other metal. (比较对象具有所属关系, 含有最高级含义 ) The city is becoming more and more beautiful. 三：以拉丁文 -ior 结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接 to 而不是 than. 这些词是：superior, inferior , senior , junior , major , minor He is three years senior to me. This type of computer is superior to that type. 四：最高级用于三者以上的事物之间的比较，所以比较的范围自然是少不了。一般表
5、示地方用介词in; 表示所属关系和人物比较用介词of. ( 即 the +最高级 in /of )The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, but it is the third longest river in the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载world. The youngest member of the family is most successful. Of all forms of energy, electricity
6、 is most widely used. 五：在more than 结构中，than 有时可看作关系代词，相当于than whatThere are more wonders in heaven and earth than are dreamt of. ( than=than what)天地间的奇迹比人们所梦想的要多得多。The medicine is more effective than is expected. 六：英语中有一小部分表示绝对意义的形容词没有比较级和最高级。如：dead, deaf, empty, total, whole, perfect, complete, rig
7、ht, wrong, equal, daily false, finalabsolute, alone, round, pregnant, square, supreme, unique, straight, eternal, unanimous 七：几组由“more than ； more than”和“no / not 比较级 ”等构成的惯用句式及精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载其义。more than 其含义为 : “不仅是，非常，十分” 等， 用法和意义较多。more than 其含义可以
8、是: “ 与其说 不如说，不是 而是 ”What we are doing today is more than donating some money. 今天我们所做的不只是捐一些钱。Their action was more than justified. 他们的行动是完全有理由的。He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar. 这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。no more than 强调少，意为 “ 只有，不过，仅仅 ”not more t
9、han 客观叙述，意为 “ 不超过 ” He has no more than five dollars on him. 他身上仅有 5 美元。 （强调少）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载He has not more than five dollars on him.他身上带的钱不超过仅有5 美元。 （强调数额少于 5 美元）no more than 含有消极否定的意思， 可译为“A 与 B 都不 ，不 也不 ”not more than 含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差异。He is no
10、 more diligent than you. 他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。（两人都不勤奋）He is not more diligent than you.他没有像你那样勤奋。（两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋）no less than = as much as 意为： “ 竟有 之多，多达 ” 强调多not less than 意为 “ 不少于，至少 ” ，可观地描述no less than 前后均为肯定，含有惊奇的感情色彩。 可译为：“ 是是， 正是， 和 一样 , 多达，应有 之多 ”His son has read no less than 50 English books. 他的儿子竟然读了50
11、 本英文书。 （强精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载调多）His son has read not less than 50 English books. 他的儿子读了不少于50 本英文书。（不强调多或少）The middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister. 这位中年人正是新来的部长。Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be. 她的歌声和以前一样甜美。补充： not so mu
12、ch as It wasn t so much his appearance I liked as his personality. It wasn t so much that I disliked her as that I just wasn t interested. 1. rather than 与 would 连用时，构成“would rather.than.”句式，意思是“ 宁愿 而不愿 ” ，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：Shed rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
13、 - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载2. rather than 不与 would连用时，表示客观事实，意为 “ 是而不是 ； 与其 不如 ” 。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语 )、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. She enjoys singing rather than dancing 3.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做 .而不做 . ” I prefer to watch TV ra
14、ther than go out.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。4.prefer that 从句 “ 宁愿 ”（从句一般用虚拟语气） I prefer that you should do it.我宁愿你做这件事。5.Prefer sth. to sth.“宁愿做 .而不做 .”. I prefer tea to milk.我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶。I prefer watching TV to going out. 我宁愿看电视也不出去。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载6.prefer to do “ 愿
15、意做 ” 。I prefer to go at once. 我愿意马上就走。pre fer sb. to do “ 愿意某人做 ” I prefer you to go at once.我倒希望你马上就走。7.prefer 名词或动名词“ 宁愿 ” ， “ 更喜欢 ” 。He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他是上海人，因此更喜欢吃米饭。I prefer going by bike. 我宁愿骑单车去。I prefer the white one.我喜欢那个白的。倒装结构一、含有否定意义的副词或副词短语引起的倒装某些表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位
16、于句首，表示强调，句子要求用倒装结构。常见的这类副词或副词短语有：never，seldom ，rarely， no sooner than， hardlyscarcely barely when，no，little，nowhere，not， hardly，no longer， not until，not only but also等等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载1、never，rarely，seldom 位于句首，用于进行 比较 ，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：Never before that
17、 night had I felt the extent of my own power2、no sooner than，hardly scarcely barely when 位于句首， 表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：Hardly had he opened his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to cleanScarcely had it grown dark when she realized it was too late to go home 3、在由neither，nor 开头、引导的表
18、示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或事物）的句子中，要求用倒装结构，neither，nor为否定的附和 。例如：The customer complained that the dining table had not been delivered yet ， and neither had the chairsI could not persuade him to accept it，nor could I make him see the importance of it但是，neither 用作主语或主语的一部分时，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - -
19、 - - - -第 9 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载不用倒装结构。例如：Neither of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasingNeither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university was accepted 4、含有 not until 的强调句，如果not until位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构，如果是主从复合句，倒装结构出现在主句中。例如：1）Not until the gam
20、e had begun did he arrive at the sports ground2）Not until then did he come to realize the seriousness of the situation 5、其他表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：1）Little did we suspect that the district was so rich in mineral resources 2）Nowhere has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning a
21、s in this country6、含有 no 、表示否定意义的介词短语位精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载于句首，句子要求用倒装结构。常见的这类介词短语有： at no point （决不） ， at no time，by no means ， in no case ， in no circumstances ，in no sense ，in no shape，in no way，in no wise， on no account ，on no consideration，under no c
22、ircumstances ，in no time（立刻），in vain（徒劳），not once ，still less等等。例如：1 ） We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs2）At no time and in no circumstances should a Communist place his personal interest first二、其他副词引起的倒装在以下列副词及连接词开头的句子中，要求用倒装结构
23、。 常见的副词有： only，so，here，there，now，often，then，down，out，in， up， hence， thus， well， off， away， twice，gladly，many a time 等等。1、在由 only 开头的句子中， only 后面紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句，要求用倒装精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载结构。例如：）Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make h
24、imself heard ）Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests如果 only 在句首，但是 only 后面没有紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句，则不用倒装结构。2、在由so 开头、引导的表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或事物） 的句子中，要求用倒装结构， so为肯定的附和 。 例如：had his brother3、由 there 引起的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：） The door opened and there entered a young man in a blu
25、e uniform4、 由 there或 now引起的句子、谓语为come（go）的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：）There comes the bus ）Now comes your turn5、由 here 引起的句子、谓语为be 的句子，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载要求用倒装结构。例如：） Here are some good newly-published novels） Here is Chinas largest tropical forest但是，如果主语是人称代词时，由 he
26、re和 there 引出的句子也不用倒装结构。例如：）Here we are）Here you are6、 由 then 引起的句子、谓语为 come （follow）的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：）Then come wind，hail and frost）Then came a new difficulty7、由 often 引起的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：三、虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装1、在含有were，had，should 的虚拟条件状语中，如果省略了连接词if，要求用倒装结构。例如：）Were she to leave right now，she 精选学习资料 - - - - - -
27、 - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载would get there on Sunday） Were they to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow ，we should have a wonderful dinner party ）Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exams 2、在表示祝愿的句子中，往往要求用倒装句。常常将助动词提前或直接将谓语动词置于主语前面，表示祝愿。例如：）May this book
28、 in a small way help to improve your English）Long live friendship！四、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句中的倒装在比较状语从句中，如果主语不是人称代词，常常可以在主语前添加助动词do（be）代替前面出现过的动词。这时，比较对象放在这个 do （be）后面，形成一种部分倒装的形式；）He always spends more time on that useless matter than do the others ）The living standard of the people is 精选学习资料 - - - - -
29、 - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载higher than was the case ten years ago The more you explain, the more confused I am. 在由 no matter how，however和 how 引导的方式状语从句中，其后的形容词、副词应随其移至主谓语之前，而形成部分倒装。例如：） However hard he tried， he still failed in the entrance exam）No matter how badly they had sl
30、ept she was always up early 五、在由 soadvadj that和such that 引出的结果状语从句中，要求用倒装句。例如：）So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed ）So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape ）So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him 六、为了强调或突出句子的某一部分
31、，往往可以用倒装结构。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载）A very capable young man he is ）Standing beside the table was an interpreter 七、在感叹的句子中， 往往要求用倒装句。当一个句子包含一个带补语的复合谓语，而补语又被 what 或 how 修饰时，要求用倒装结构。例如：）What a great project it is！）How beautiful these hills look with the clo
32、uds behind them ！虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：1. (should)+动词原形的情形 (已考 ) 2. if 或 but for 等引导的条件句 (已考 ) 3. wish, if only, it is time的用法(should)+动词原形的情形1在动词 suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, pe
33、rsuade 等表示 “ 命令 ” 、“ 建议 ” 、“ 要求 ”动词后的宾语从句中。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。When asked why he declined
34、 our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director. 真题重现【 CET-4:2006.6 】 The professor required that _(我 们 交 研 究 报告)。参考答案：we hand in our research report(s) 2 在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, r
35、equest, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-上面 (情形 1)动词对应的名词He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载3 在 形 容 词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, pre
36、ferable, incredible 以及短语 no wonder, a pity 等可以构成 “It is +形容词（名词）+that ”句型中。It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。真题重现【CET-6:2007.6 】It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利). 参 考 答 案 ： These children (should) be deprived of the right to receive educati
37、on. if 或 but for 等引导的条件句if 引导虚拟条件句的用法条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反动词过去式 (be动词用 were) would+动词原形精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载与过去事实相反had+过去分词 (had done) would have done 与将来事实相反一 般 过 去时 /were+不 定 式 /should+动词原形would(should)+动词原形He wouldn t feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室内就不
38、会觉得冷了。（与现在事实相反）I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you. 我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。 （与现在事实相反）The conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations. 如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。（与过去事实相反）If it snowed/were to snow/shoul
39、d snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载与将来事实相反but for=if it were not for /if it had not been forlBut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time. 真 题 重 现 【 CET-4:2006.12 】 The victim _(本来会有机会活下来 )if he had be
40、en taken to hospital in time 参考答案： would have survived 【CET-6:2007.12 】But for mobile phone, _. 我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便) 参考答案： our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient. 【CET-6:2007.1If you had _(听从了我的忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦 ). 参考答案： followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been in tro
41、uble. It is (high, about) time 句型要求用虚拟语精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载气谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示 “ 早该干某事而已经有些晚了” 。 It s time_(采取措施 ) about the traffic problem downtown. something was done/some measures were taken 动词 wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气与现在事实相反were 或动词的一般过去式与过去事实相反had done或
42、would/could have done 将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望would/should(could, might)+动词原形I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。if only 后用虚拟语气（要是就太好了）现在没有实现的愿望一般过去式过去没有实现的愿望过去完成式If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。If only I could speak several foreign languages! 我要是能讲几种外语就好了！精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页，共 22 页