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1、阅读理解（三）1、A Competitive SportCheerleadingOver th e years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competit
2、ive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾运动) ability. Its a very common thing for gymnasts, so its easy for them to go into com
3、petitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws. This is where the “fliers” are thrown in the air, held by “bases” in different positions that require strength and
4、working with other teammates.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. Thats why cheerleaders are trying
5、 to experience great difficulty in their performance.Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of t
6、ime is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for it are five times t
7、he number than for any other sport, partially because cheerleaders dont use protective equipment. Smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates, which may easily cause injuries. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shou
8、lders, ankles, head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. Hopefully, it will appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports. It should be noted that it is a t
9、eam sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.1.What is the main purpose of competitive cheerleading?A.To compare skills of participants.B.To make the audience fee
10、l amused.C.To attract more people to watch events.D.To cheer up the competitors on the court.2.The underlined word “integrate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_”.A.examineB.combineC.identifyD.replace3.We can learn from the passage that competitive cheerleading _.A.lacks necessary guidelines to follow
11、B.enjoys greater popularity than other sportsC.requires more designed actions than gymnasticsD.has a relatively high rate of damage to the body4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionA.B.C.D.2、 Black Friday is just a week
12、away, an annual tradition in which holiday shoppers rush to the supermarkets and malls. Most shoppers pack stores to buy things at a discount. For some, however, shopping is less of a pastime and more of an addiction. These people have compulsive(强迫性的) shopping disorder, a condition filled with debt
13、 and regret. While its true that many lack money and credit management skills, what these shoppers are often looking for is a “buy high”,an emotional rush to put themselves in a better mood, found San Francisco State University researchers in 2013. These types of shoppers often hold materialistic va
14、lues. When under stress, materialistic shoppers are more likely to shop compulsively. Rather than providing any social or emotional outlet(发泄出口 ),the extreme stress-induced purchases only increase anxiety and lower well-being, and materialistic shoppers already tend to have lower self-esteem than ot
15、hers to begin with. In fact, its exactly at low moments that materialistic shoppers are most likely to shop for expensive items, and theyre more likely to make those purchases on credit. This of course can create a vicious cycle, in which a materialistic shoppers with low self-esteem buys a luxury i
16、tem he or she cannot afford in an effort to improve sense of self. The financial burden can cause stress and strain relationships over the issue of money, further affecting the mood of the shopper and leading to more spending to try to regain a sense of self-worth. Symptoms of shopping addiction inc
17、lude constant thoughts about shopping, buying to improve the mood and inability to change behavior. There are treatment options for those with compulsive shopping disorder, which may include medication. Other recommendations include shopping with a friend, getting rid of credit cards and above all,
18、developing meaningful hobbies.1.What do you learn about Black Friday?A.Many shops have special offers.B.Customers can enjoy leisure time.C.Shoppers can get free products.D.Shoppers spend much money on useless things.2.According to the passage, the extreme stress-induced purchases_.A.provide an emoti
19、onal outletB.make people more anxiousC.regain peoples confidenceD.improve management skills3.When are materialistic shoppers most likely to shop for expensive items?A.When they are delighted.B.When they are excited.C.When they are inspired.D.When they are depressed.4.Accordingtotheauthor, which of t
20、he following is the most important treatment option?A.Taking chemical medicine.B.Shopping with a friend.C.Developing meaningful hobbies.D.Getting rid of credit cards.3、 Is dark chocolate healthy? Yes,dark chocolate has compounds(化合物) that offer health benefits and can be enjoyed without guilt, even
21、on a daily basis. But the amount matters, since too many bites can contribute to extra fat, sugar and calories and get rid of its health benefits.Dark chocolate is rich in cocoa, which contains compounds known as flavanols(黄烷醇). At high levels, cocoa flavanols have been shown to help lower blood pre
22、ssure and the risk of diabetes. Dark chocolate has the highest amount of cocoa flavanols: milk chocolate has lens, and white chocolate has none. But while cocoa flavanols in dark chocolate make it a healthful treat they give it a biter flavor. Producers may process chocolate to make it more deliciou
23、s, but doing so can remove some of these beneficial compounds,said Matt Hartings, an American professor. In spite of this,dark chocolate is still a healthier choice than milk chocolate, which tends to have more sugar. Additionally, cocoa powder contains minerals. So you can enjoy a piece of dark cho
24、colate even after a meal. Just keep the following in mind. First, buy chocolate that has at least 60% cocoa. Generally speaking,the higher the percentage, the more flavanols. These higher-percentage chocolates have the added benefit over the lower percentages and milk and white chocolates because th
25、ey contain less sugar and less fat,” Hartings said. Second, if possible, choose natural cocoa over Dutch processed cocoa, which is treated with an alkali(碱). This gives chocolate a milder flavor but removes healthful flavanols. And finally, to keep weight in check, limit to 30 grams of dark chocolat
26、e daily, or about 150 calories.1.Dark chocolate is healthy mainly because of the existence of_.A.rich mineralsB.less sugarC.cocoa flavanolsD.fewer calories2.What does the underlined word “treat” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Something enjoyable.B.A salt-free diet.C.Food paid by others.D.A cure for an illnes
27、s.3.What can we learn from the text?A.Cocoa flavanols leads to high blood pressure.B.White chocolate is good for health.C.One can feel free to eat dark chocolate.D.Alkali can affect flavanols content.4.Whats the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love for dark chocolate.B.To promote t
28、he sales of chocolate.C.To provide facts about dark chocolate.D.To make a distinction among chocolates.4、 On a cool morning, Wilson Kasaine heads out along a dirt path in southernKenya. His calmness makes it easy to forget that hes tracking one of the most dangerous animals in the world. Kasaine is
29、tracking lionsespecially one lion called Marti, who is the real-life Lion King of Selenkay Conservancy. Tracking lions on foot may sound like a death wish, but Kasaine has been doing it for most of his life. Born into a traditional Maasai family he quickly grew to understand the beauty and danger of
30、 wildlife. Living with big wild animals forces him to develop a good sense of where they have been and where they may be going. During his 12-kilometer walks to and from school, he learned how to tell the pawprints (爪印)of a lion from those of other animals. Growing up, Kasaine knew that improving hi
31、s tracking abilities would help him avoid surprise meetings with dangerous animals. For many Maasai, tracking is mainly a matter of self-protection. But Kasaine is tracking lions to meet them and to protect them. He leads a small group of wide-eyed tourists over the red sandy path, searching for the
32、 lion that has left upon it his prints. Each year, thousands of tourists crowdKenyas national parks to try to have a look at the big five”; elephants, rhinoceros, leopards, buffaloes and lions. The international draw of these animals matters a lot because the nations economy is tied to the protectio
33、n of its wildlife.If Kenyas wildlife disappears, so does its second-largest source of income. Wildlife protection efforts in Kenya meant marking off land exclusively(专门地)for animals. But it also meant that the people who had originally lived in the area were forced to leave their land and into small
34、er surrounding areas, They are also finding it increasingly hard to keep a traditional Maasai lifestyle. But people are glad that it really makes a difference to wildlife protection.1.How did Kasaine track lions?A.By working together with tourists.B.By running after them all the time.C.By going to s
35、chool every day.D.By studying their paw prints.2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A.Maasai people are born animal lovers.B.Tourism is a big threat toKenyas wildlife.C.Kenya benefits a lot from its wildlife protection.D.Small animals are not included in their protection policy.3.What does the under
36、lined word it” in the last paragraph refer to?A.Kenyas economic development.B.Kenyan peoples traditional Maasai lifestyle.C.Kenyas second-largest income source.D.Peoples leaving their original homes.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Wildlife protection inKenyaB.Meeting a dangerous animalC.Wils
37、on Kasaines wise choiceD.Learning to live with lions5、 Now many young people are traveling around the world on their own, not because they have no one to travel with, but because they prefer to go alone.Kristina Wegscheider from California first traveled alone when she was at college and believes th
38、at it is something everyone should do at least once in their life. It opens your mind to new things and pushes you out of your comfortable zone, Wegscheider said. She has visited 46 countries covering all seven continents.In foreign countries, with no one to help you read a map, look after you when
39、you get ill, or lend you money if your wallet is stolen, it is challenging. This is what drives young people to travel alone. It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their own.Chris Richardson decided to leave his sales job in Australia to go traveling last ye
40、ar. He set up a website, The Aussie Nomad, to document his adventures. He said he wished he had traveled alone earlier. The people you meet,the places you visit,or the things you do, everything is up to you and it forces you to grow as a person, said the 30-year-old man. Richardson describes traveli
41、ng alone as ua shot in the arm”, which makes you a more confident person that is ready to deal with anything. He said, “ The feeling of having conquered something on my own is a major part of what drives me each day when Im dealing with a difficult task. I walk around withmy head up because I know t
42、hat nothing is impossible if I try. ”The great 19th century explorer John Muir once said,Only by going alone in silence can one truly get into the heart of the wilderness.1.Which of the following will Kristina Wegscheider agree with?A.Traveling alone is a necessary experience for everyone.B.It is mo
43、re meaningful to travel in foreign countries.C.It is comfortable to travel around without a friend.D.Traveling abroad helps people to find new things.2.Traveling alone is challenging because_.A.you have to make things on your ownB.it is hard for you to prove yourself to othersC.you can only depend o
44、n yourself whatever happensD.it will finally build your character3.What can we infer about Chris Richardson?A.He started traveling alone at an early age.B.He was once shot in the arm.C.He used to work as a salesman.D.His website inspires others a lot.4.What is the best title for the passage?A.Travel
45、 AbroadB.Travel UnaccompaniedC.Travel LightD.Travel Wide and Far6、Dream in Heart On the first day of school our professor introduced a new classmatea wrinkled little old ladyto us. Her name was Rose, and she was eighty-seven years old. After class Rose and I walked to the Student Union Building and
46、shared a chocolate milk-shake. She told me she always dreamed of having a college education and now she was getting one. We became instant friends. Every day for the following months, we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always attracted, listening to this “ time machine” as she sha
47、red her wisdom and experience with me.Rose became famous and easily made friends wherever she went. She tended to be highly motivated,responsible, and deeply involved in class participation. In spare time she had someone hang out or go to bars with. She even participated in some form of athletic act
48、ivity. She said that extra-curricular activities can form a vital part of her experience, creating unique chances for friendship and learning. At the end of the term we invited Rose to speak at our football meal. A little embarrassed, she leaned into the microphone and simply said, “ I m sorry I m so nervous.” As we laughed, she cleared her throat and began, “ We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There is a