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1、Section Word power & Grammar and usage1(教材P6)The word industry refers to all the businesses involved in supplying a certain product or service.单词industry是指涉及供应某一产品或服务的所有行业。(1)refer to参考；参阅；涉及；谈到；提及In his speech，he didnt refer to the problem at all.在他的演讲中，丝毫未涉及那个问题。If you have any questions，please re
2、fer to the guide book.如果你有问题，请参阅旅游指南。(1)refer to sb./sth. 提到/说起某人/某事refer to sth. 参考某物；查看/查阅某物refer to.as. 把说成；把比作refer sb./sth.to sb. 提交某人/某机构做决定/处理(2)reference n. 参考make a reference to 提到，谈到Coal is usually referred to as a fossil fuel.煤通常被称为化石燃料。I have read a lot of reference materials.我已读了很多的参考资料
3、。名师点津refer to中的to是介词，后面不接动词原形，要跟动名词或名词，与之用法相同短语还有stick to，lead to，look forward to, be devoted to等。写出下列refer to的含义What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to？ When giving the lecture, he referred to his note from time to time. You should refer this matter to our teacher for a decisio
4、n. As far as I know, he is referred to as a living Lei Feng. 【答案】指的是参考移交称作(2)involve vt.牵涉；牵连；包含；引起This problem involves us all.这个问题牵涉到我们所有的人。Taking the job involves living abroad.接受这项工作就一定得住到国外去。involve sb.in sth./doing sth.(使)参加，加入involve.in 使牵连进去；使陷入involve.with 和混在一起；和有密切联系be/become/get involved
5、 in 参与，与有关The young mans heedless remarks involved him in a law suit.这个小伙子不检点的话语使自己牵连到一桩法律案件中。Dont involve yourself with those people.别跟那些人混在一起。完成句子我们应该怎样投入学校生活？How should we school life?你怎能跟这样的女人在一起？How could you a woman like this?【答案】involve ourselves inget involvedwith2belong to属于；为所有(教材P6)All ki
6、nds of jobs belong to one industry or another.所有的工作都属于一个行业或另一个行业。This watch belongs to Tom.这块手表归汤姆所有。(1)belong to表示“是的财产(属于)/是的组成部分(属于)/是的成员(属于)”。不用于被动语态和进行时态。(2)belong还可与on连用，表示“某人/某物处在适当的位置”，与in连用表示“在这个地方正合适/有用”。Who does this watch belong to?这块手表是谁的？Put it back where it belongs after you have read
7、 it.读完后，请你把它放回原处。完成句子他说矿山应该属于人民。He said the mines should the people.像他这样有能力的人适合教书。A man of his ability teaching.这本书应该放在那个架子上。The book that shelf.【答案】belong tobelongs inbelongs on3include v包括；把列入在内(教材P6)People who work in the construction industry include those who work on building sites and those wh
8、o produce building materials.在建筑行业工作的人们包括那些在建筑工地工作的人和那些生产建筑材料的人。The money I gave you includes Xiao Zhangs.我给你的钱包括小张的钱。Does the price include postage?这个价格包含邮费吗？明辨异同contain/include两者均含有“包含，包括，容纳”的意思。contain指某物容纳在比其更大的东西之内，侧重所含的内容与成分。include指包括或容纳某东西成为整体的一部分，侧重于整体与部分的对比。名师点津include还常用其现在分词或过去分词短语作插入语，起
9、补充说明作用，即“including名词”或“名词included”。而contain无此用法。The basket contains a variety of fruits.那个篮子里装了各种各样的水果。All officials were present at the meeting，including the chairman(the chairman included)包括那个主席在内，所有的官员都出席了会议。选词填空(include/contain)The book ten chapters， American Literature.This kind of fruit lots o
10、f vitamins，Vitamin D 【答案】contains; includingcontains； included4(教材P6)Another big industry，and one that is growing annually, is the tourism industry.另外一个大的行业，而且是每年都在增长的一个行业是旅游业。【要点提炼】one是代词，相当于an industry。that is growing annually是定语从句修饰one。one常在句中起替代作用，以免重复。The train was crowded so we decided to catc
11、h a later one.这班火车太挤了，我们决定乘坐下一班。明辨异同that/one/itthat表示特指，指代前面提到过的那类事物(不指代人)。既可以替代可数名词(复数形式为those)，也可以替代不可数名词，其作用有时等于the one。one表示泛指，代替前面提到过的同类人或物，但不是同一个；它只能替代可数名词，复数形式是ones。it表示特指，指代前面提到过的那个事物(是同一个)或一种情景，用于指可数名词单数或不可数名词。What should I do with the key?我该怎么处理这钥匙？Oh，just leave it on the table.噢，把它放在桌上就好了
12、。用代词one，it，that填空Why dont we take a little break?Didnt we just have ？Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a summer day.The doctor advised Vera strongly that he should take a holiday，but didnt help.【答案】onethatit5develop.into.把扩展成；发展成为(教材P7)He is glad to see that the company has developed into o
13、ne of the most successful in the world.他高兴地看到这个公司已发展成为世界上最成功的公司之一。The place has rapidly developed from a small fishing community into a thriving tourist resort.这地方由原来的小渔村迅速发展成一个繁荣的旅游胜地。(1)develop v形成；培养；发展；冲洗(胶卷)develop an interest in 对感兴趣develop from 从发展来；由进化来develop the habit of 养成的习惯have photos/p
14、ictures/the film developed 冲洗照片/图片/胶卷(2)development n. 发展with the development of. 随着的发展这时我对工程学产生了兴趣。By this time I engineering.对于现在的年轻人来说最必要的是养成独立思考的习惯。What is most necessary for young men today is to thinking for themselves.工业的发展同农业的发展密切相关。Industrial progress should go hand in hand 【答案】had develope
15、d an interest indevelop the habit ofwith the development of agriculture6on the contrary正相反(教材P8)On the contrary，it is a problem all over the world.相反，它是一个世界性的问题。Didnt you find the film exciting?难道你不认为这部电影有趣吗？On the contrary，I nearly fell asleep halfway through it!相反，看到一半时我几乎睡着了！I am sure you like yo
16、ur new job.我想你一定喜欢你的新工作。On the contrary，its dull.正好相反，它很乏味。(be) contrary to sth.与某事相反to the contrary 相反的；相反地Despite all evidence to the contrary，he believed his plan would succeed.他相信他的计划一定会成功，尽管所有的证据都表明了情况相反。完成句子相反，在东方却很受欢迎。 ， it receives a warm welcome in the East.如果没有相反的通知，你们就干起来好了。Go ahead unles
17、s you are advised 在服装方面，我妹妹的爱好和我完全不同。My sisters taste in dresses my own.【答案】On the contraryto the contraryis contrary to7(教材P9)As a result，these countries are always struggling to catch up on their repayments.结果，这些国家一直在拼命偿还他们的债务(1)as a result结果；因此As a result，they caught up with us.结果，他们赶上我们了。as a re
18、sult of.(because of.owing/thanks to.)由于的原因(后接原因)without result 毫无结果；徒劳result from. 因而引起，句子的主语是“果”，from的宾语是“因”。result in(cause) 导致；致使。句子的主语是“因”，in的宾语是“果”。As a result of the fish，he felt ill.由于鱼的原因，他生病了。Success results from hard work.成功来自努力。Hard work results in success.努力终会成功。选词填空(as a result/as a res
19、ult of/result from/ result in) the car accident，Jackson couldnt work any longer.As far as I know，his carelessness his failure.As far as I know，his failure his carelessness.She was over the age limit and ， her application for the job was rejected.【答案】As a result ofresulted inresulted fromas a result(
20、2)catch up on(用额外时间)补做；赶做；补上；了解(已发生的事情)I have a lot of work to catch up on.我有许多工作要补上。catch up with跟上；赶上catch hold of 抓住；抓牢catch ones eye/attention 引起注意catch sight of 看见catch on 理解；流行catch sb. doing sth. 发现(撞见)某人做某事He caught up with his classmate at last.最终他赶上他的同学。完成句子我们甚至可能突然看到一只北极熊在冰面上。We may even
21、a polar bear on the ice.我们已经尽了一切可能来赶上他们。We have done all we could to them.抓住绳子，不要松手。 the rope, and dont let go your hold.这首新民歌流行得真快。The new folk song really quickly.【答案】catch sight ofcatch up withCatch hold ofcaught on8remain v保持(某种状态)；继续存在；仍旧是(continue in some condition/continue to be)(教材P9)As long
22、 as these debts remain，developing countries will feel the economic squeeze，and they will be unable to focus on longterm development to end poverty.只要这些债务仍然存在，发展中国家就会感到经济困难，他们也就不能集中精力长期发展来结束贫困。Please remain seated until all the lights are on.请继续坐着，直到所有的灯都亮起来。Little of the original building remains.原来
23、的建筑已经所剩无几。(1)remaining为形容词，意为“剩下的”，常作前置定语；而left也意为“剩下的”，它只能作后置定语。(2)remain作名词用时，一般用其复数形式remains，意为“剩余物；(古建筑的)遗址”。The remaining 2 dollars belong to you.剩下的2美元属于你。There are only 5 dollars left.只剩下5美元了。The remains of the ancient temple are worth visiting.那座古庙的遗址值得一看。明辨异同remain/stayremain与stay意为“留下；继续保持
24、某一状态”时，它们常作系动词用，可以互换。当表示“在某处或在某处住下”、“停留，逗留”时，通常用stay，不用remain。The fruits will not remain/stay fresh tomorrow.明天这些水果就不新鲜了。The shop stays/remains open till night.这家店铺一直营业到晚上。He wants to stay in his parents house for another week.他想在父母家再待上一个星期。用remain和stay的适当形式填空Im at my uncles this weekend.Only the sh
25、ell of the building after the explosion.【答案】staying remained关联词语一篇好的文章除了要求覆盖所有的要点，应用较多的语法结构和词汇以外，还必须有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，行文连贯，条理清楚。要使句子与句子之间的意思互相连接，就需要有关联词语。没有关联词语，读者就很容易被弄糊涂。这些关联词语帮助读者推断出文章中接下来将发生什么。以下是句子之间常见的几类关联词：一、Time sequence words表示先后次序关系的词语用来列举事件以及人的行为或观点发生、发展的次序。这一类常见的连接词有：firstly，secondly
26、，finally，in the end，previously，next，at last，eventually，to begin with，to start with，first of all，to end with，afterwards等。There are some rules we must obey in the lab.To begin with，dont touch anything unless your teacher asks you to.Previously，I seldom had the confidence to participate in my classmate
27、s discussion.I also had little enthusiasm for studying as I found it boring.二、Cause and effect words表示因果关系的词语用来表达事情发生的起因与结果。这一类常见的连接词有：for one thing，therefore，so，as a result，owing to，due to，in that，for the reason，under these conditions，as a consequence，consequently等。He was just about to walk away wh
28、en a guard appeared and stopped him.As a result，he had to turn in the money.For these reasons，I believe the most effective way to learn is studying alone.三、Contrasting words表示对比关系的词语用于连接句子或成分与前文内容形成对比。这一类常见的连接词有：however，in contrast，instead，nevertheless，on the contrary，on the other hand，in comparison
29、 with，compared with，rather than等。Its a difficult race.Nevertheless，about 1，000 runners participate every year.Rather than stay outdoors for the weekends，John prefers to stay in bed reading.四、Addition words表示递进关系的词语常用来介绍一些补充性的信息，或表达语意的递进。这一类常见的连接词有：also，on top of，above all，besides，furthermore，moreove
30、r，in addition，additionally等。In addition，the product that a star advertises is not necessarily suitable for everyone.Besides，we must take measures to control pollution.五、Conclusive words表示总结归纳的词语用来对前文进行概括或总结。这一类常见的连接词有：in a word；in short；generally speaking；in ones opinion；to summarize等。In my opinion，we should be cool and sensible while choosing a product.In a word，the virtue of helping others is frequently seen in our daily life.除了以上列举的这些连接词以外，英语中还有许多各式各样的连接词。如表示转折、并列、举例、条件、让步等关系的关联词。它们的出现使得原本显得孤立的句子形成语意丰富的篇章。在平时的学习中留意并积累一些这样的连接词无疑会有助于我们口语与书面表达的提高。